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Tzeng YK, Ke F, Jia C, Liu Y, Park S, Han M, Frost M, Cai X, Mao WL, Ewing RC, Cui Y, Devereaux TP, Lin Y, Chu S. Improving the creation of SiV centers in diamond via sub-μs pulsed annealing treatment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7251. [PMID: 39179592 PMCID: PMC11343833 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers in diamond are emerging as promising quantum emitters in applications such as quantum communication and quantum information processing. Here, we demonstrate a sub-μs pulsed annealing treatment that dramatically increases the photoluminescence of SiV centers in diamond. Using a silane-functionalized adamantane precursor and a laser-heated diamond anvil cell, the temperature and energy conditions required to form SiV centers in diamond were mapped out via an optical thermometry system with an accuracy of ±50 K and a 1 μs temporal resolution. Annealing scheme studies reveal that pulsed annealing can obviously minimize the migration of SiV centers out of the diamond lattice, and a 2.5-fold increase in the number of emitting centers was achieved using a series of 200-ns pulses at a 50 kHz repetition rate via acousto-optic modulation. Our study provides a novel pulsed annealing treatment approach to improve the efficiency of the creation of SiV centers in diamond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Kai Tzeng
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Feng Ke
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, 066004, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Chunjing Jia
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Yayuan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Sulgiye Park
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Minkyung Han
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Mungo Frost
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Xinxin Cai
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14627, USA
| | - Wendy L Mao
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Rodney C Ewing
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Thomas P Devereaux
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Yu Lin
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA.
| | - Steven Chu
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
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Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising and fast-growing type of photovoltaic cell due to their low cost and high conversion efficiency. The high efficiency of PSCs is closely related to the quality of the photosensitive layer, and the high-quality light absorbing layer depends on the growth condition of the crystals. In the formation of high-quality crystals, annealing is an indispensable and crucial part, which serves to evaporate the solvent and drive the crystallization of the film. Various annealing methods have different effects on the promotion of the film growth process owing to the way they work. Here, this review will present a discussion of the growth puzzles and quality of perovskite crystals under different driving forces, and then explain the relationship between the annealing driving force and crystal growth. We divided the main current annealing methods into physical and chemical annealing, which has never been summarized before. The main annealing methods currently reported for crystal growth are summarized to visualize the impact of annealing design strategies on photovoltaic performance, while the growth mechanisms of thin films under multiple annealing methods are also discussed. Finally, we suggest future perspectives and trends in the industrial fabrication of PSCs in the future. The review promises industrial manufacturing of annealed PSCs. The review is expected to facilitate the industrial fabrication of PSCs.
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Wang S, Yao J, Ou Z, Wang X, Long Y, Zhang J, Fang Z, Wang T, Ding T, Xu H. Plasmon-assisted nanophase engineering of titanium dioxide for improved performances in single-particle based sensing and photocatalysis. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4705-4711. [PMID: 35265953 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08247g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) due to its large bandgap, has a very limited efficiency in utilizing sunlight for photocatalysis and photoanode applications. Sensitizing with metallic nanoparticles is one of the promising routes for resolving this issue but it requires thermal annealing and proper bandgap engineering to optimize the Schottky junctions. Here we use plasmonic nanoheating to locally anneal the TiO2 medium with a sub-nanometer (sub-nm) feature, which results in a nanophase transition from amorphous TiO2 to anatase and rutile with a gradient configuration. Such gradient nanocoatings of rutile/anatase establish a cascade hot electron transfer via a conduction band and defect states, which improves the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance and photocatalytic efficiency over an order of magnitude. Unlike conventional global annealing, this nanoannealing strategy with plasmonic heating enables sub-nm control at the interface between the metal and semiconductors, and this strategy not only provides new opportunities for single particle SERS, but also shows significant implications for photocatalysis and hot-electron chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Jiacheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Zhenwei Ou
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Xujie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yinfeng Long
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Zheyu Fang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ti Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Hongxing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Mahapatra AD, Lee JW. Metal oxide charge transporting layers for stable high-performance perovskite solar cells. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00825d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent progress in metal oxide charge transporting layers to achieve stable high-performance perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayon Das Mahapatra
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka-560012, India
| | - Jin-Wook Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nanoengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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