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Elmahgary MG, Mahran AM, Ganoub M, Abdellatif SO. Optical investigation and computational modelling of BaTiO 3 for optoelectronic devices applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4761. [PMID: 36959231 PMCID: PMC10036486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ABX3 perovskite-based materials have attracted research attention in various electronic and optoelectronic applications. The ability to tune the energy band gap through various dopants makes perovskites a potential candidate in many implementations. Among various perovskite materials, BaTiO3 has shown great applicability as a robust UV absorber with an energy band gap of around 3.2 eV. Herein, we provide a new sonochemical-assisted solid-phase method for preparing BaTiO3 thin films that optoelectronic devices can typically be used. BaTiO3 nano-powder and the thin film deposited on a glass substrate were characterized using physicochemical and optical techniques. In addition, the work demonstrated a computational attempt to optically model the BaTiO3 from the atomistic level using density functional theory to the thin film level using finite difference time domain Maxwell's equation solver. Seeking repeatability, the dispersion and the extinction behavior of the BaTiO3 thin film have been modeled using Lorentz-Dude (LD) coefficients, where all fitting parameters are listed. A numerical model has been experimentally verified using the experimental UV-Vis spectrometer measurements, recording an average root-mean-square error of 1.44%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam G Elmahgary
- The Chemical Engineering Department, British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, 11387, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman M Mahran
- The Electrical Engineering Department, and FabLab, at the Centre of Emerging Learning Technologies CELT, British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, 11387, Egypt
| | - Moustafa Ganoub
- The Renewable Energy Postgraduate Programme, and FabLab, at the Centre of Emerging Learning Technologies CELT, British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, 11387, Egypt
| | - Sameh O Abdellatif
- The Electrical Engineering Department, and FabLab, at the Centre of Emerging Learning Technologies CELT, British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, 11387, Egypt.
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Stanić D, Kojić V, Bohač M, Čižmar T, Juraić K, Rath T, Gajović A. Simulation and Optimization of FAPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells with a BaTiO 3 Layer for Efficiency Enhancement. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7310. [PMID: 36295375 PMCID: PMC9608959 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the addition of BaTiO3 in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) provides a more energetically favorable transport route for electrons, resulting in more efficient charge separation and electron extraction, in this work we experimentally prepared such a PSC and used a modeling approach to point out which simulation parameters have an influence on PSC characteristics and how they can be improved. We added a layer of BaTiO3 onto the TiO2 electron transport layer and prepared a PSC, which had an FTO/TiO2/BaTiO3/FAPbI3/spiro-OMeTAD/Au architecture with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11%. Further, we used the simulation program SCAPS-1D to investigate and optimize the device parameters (thickness of the BaTiO3 and absorber layers, doping, and defect concentration) resulting in devices with PCEs reaching up to 15%, and even up to 20% if we assume an ideal structure with no interlayer defects. Our experimental findings and simulations in this paper highlight the promising interplay of multilayer TiO2/BaTiO3 ETLs for potential future applications in PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Stanić
- Department of Physics, University of Osijek, Trg Ljudevita Gaja 6, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vedran Kojić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Bohač
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tihana Čižmar
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Juraić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thomas Rath
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreja Gajović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Li C, Luo H, Gu H, Li H. BTO-Coupled CIGS Solar Cells with High Performances. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5883. [PMID: 36079265 PMCID: PMC9457443 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells, a BaTiO3 (BTO) layer was inserted into the Cu(In,Ga)Se2. The performances of the BTO-coupled CIGS solar cells with structures of Mo/CIGS/CdS/i-ZnO/AZO, Mo/BTO/CIGS/CdS/i-ZnO/AZO, Mo/CIGS/BTO/CdS/i-ZnO/AZO, Mo/CIGS/CdS/BTO/i-ZnO/AZO, Mo/CIGS/BTO/i-ZnO/AZO, Mo/CIGS/CdS/BTO/AZO, and Mo/ CIGS/CdS(5 nm)/BTO(5 nm)/i-ZnO/AZO were systematically studied via the SCAPS-1D software. It was found that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a BTO-coupled CIGS solar cell with a device configuration of Mo/CIGS/CdS/BTO/AZO was 24.53%, and its open-circuit voltage was 931.70 mV. The working mechanism for the BTO-coupled CIGS solar cells with different device structures was proposed. Our results provide a novel strategy for improving the PCE of solar cells by combining a ferroelectric material into the p-n junction materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congmeng Li
- Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haitian Luo
- Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongwei Gu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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A BaTiO 3/WS 2 composite for piezo-photocatalytic persulfate activation and ofloxacin degradation. Commun Chem 2022; 5:95. [PMID: 36697648 PMCID: PMC9814951 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Piezoelectric fields can decrease the recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes in semiconductors and therewith increase their photocatalytic activities. Here, a BaTiO3/WS2 composite is synthesized and characterized, which combines piezoelectric BaTiO3 nanofibers and WS2 nanosheets. The piezo-photocatalytic effect of the composite on the persulfate activation is studied by monitoring Ofloxacin (OFL) degradation efficiency. Under mechanical forces, LED lamp irradiation, and the addition of 10 mM persulfate, the OFL degradation efficiency reaches ~90% within 75 min, which is higher than efficiencies obtained for individual BaTiO3, WS2, or TiO3, widely used photocatalysts in the field of water treatment. The boosted degradation efficiency can be ascribed to the promotion of charge carrier separation, resulting from the synergetic effect of the heterostructure and the piezoelectric field induced by the vibration. Moreover, the prepared composite displays good stability over five successive cycles of the degradation process. GC-MS analysis is used to survey the degradation pathway of OFL during the degradation process. Our results offer insight into strategies for preparing highly effective piezo-photocatalysts in the field of water purification.
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Jena AK, Ishii A, Guo Z, Kamarudin MA, Hayase S, Miyasaka T. Cesium Acetate-Induced Interfacial Compositional Change and Graded Band Level in MAPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:33631-33637. [PMID: 32628004 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Compositional engineering and interfacial modifications have played pivotal roles in the accomplishment of high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Different interfaces in the PSCs influence the performance remarkably either by altering the crystallization of the active material or shifting the energy levels or improving the electrical contact. This work reports how a thin layer of cesium acetate on the TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL) induces generation of a PbI2-rich methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) composition at the ETL/MAPbI3 interface, which downshifts the conduction band level of MAPbI3 to create an energy level gradient favorable for carrier collection, resulting in higher photocurrent, fill factor, and overall power conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Jena
- Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba, Yokohama 225-8503, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ishii
- Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba, Yokohama 225-8503, Japan
| | - Zhanglin Guo
- Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba, Yokohama 225-8503, Japan
| | | | - Shuzi Hayase
- The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu 182-8585, Tokyo
| | - Tsutomu Miyasaka
- Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba, Yokohama 225-8503, Japan
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Metal Oxide Compact Electron Transport Layer Modification for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13092207. [PMID: 32403454 PMCID: PMC7254352 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have appeared as a promising design for next-generation thin-film photovoltaics because of their cost-efficient fabrication processes and excellent optoelectronic properties. However, PSCs containing a metal oxide compact layer (CL) suffer from poor long-term stability and performance. The quality of the underlying substrate strongly influences the growth of the perovskite layer. In turn, the perovskite film quality directly affects the efficiency and stability of the resultant PSCs. Thus, substrate modification with metal oxide CLs to produce highly efficient and stable PSCs has drawn attention. In this review, metal oxide-based electron transport layers (ETLs) used in PSCs and their systemic modification are reviewed. The roles of ETLs in the design and fabrication of efficient and stable PSCs are also discussed. This review will guide the further development of perovskite films with larger grains, higher crystallinity, and more homogeneous morphology, which correlate to higher stable PSC performance. The challenges and future research directions for PSCs containing compact ETLs are also described with the goal of improving their sustainability to reach new heights of clean energy production.
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Ali J, Li Y, Gao P, Hao T, Song J, Zhang Q, Zhu L, Wang J, Feng W, Hu H, Liu F. Interfacial and structural modifications in perovskite solar cells. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5719-5745. [PMID: 32118223 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10788f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and continuous progress made in perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology has drawn considerable attention from the photovoltaic research community, and the application of perovskites in other electronic devices (such as photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, and batteries) has become imminent. Because of the diversity in device configurations, optimization of film deposition, and exploration of material systems, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has been certified to be as high as 25.2%, making this type of solar cells the fastest advancing technology until now. As demonstrated by researchers worldwide, controlling the morphology and defects in perovskite films is essential for attaining high-performance PSCs. In this regard, interface engineering has proven to be a very efficient way to address these issues, obtaining better charge collection efficiency, and reducing recombination losses. In this review, the interfacial modification between perovskite films and charge-transport layers (CTLs) as well as CTLs and electrodes of PSCs has been widely summarized. Grain boundary (GB) engineering and stress engineering are also included since they are closely related to the improvement in device performance and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazib Ali
- School of Physics and Astronomy, and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tianyu Hao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingnan Song
- School of Physics and Astronomy, and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Quanzeng Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Materials, Zibo City, Shandong Province 256401, China
| | - Hailin Hu
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, UNAM, Priv. Xochicalco S/N, Temixco, Morelos 62580, Mexico
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China. and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China and Center for Advanced Electronic Materials and Devices, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
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Theofylaktos L, Kosmatos KO, Giannakaki E, Kourti H, Deligiannis D, Konstantakou M, Stergiopoulos T. Perovskites with d-block metals for solar energy applications. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9516-9537. [PMID: 31225556 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01485c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pb2+ halide organic-inorganic perovskites are excellent semiconductors for use in solar energy applications, but at the expense of robustness and environmental compatibility. Tin (Sn), which sits just above lead in the periodic table, forms pure (or mixed with lead) perovskites when at the 2+ or 4+ oxidation state. It can act as a promising alternative; however, there are still some serious concerns regarding its suitability. This presents a major challenge; viable metal cations have to be identified. A good number of elements, originating from a large range of d-block metal ions, with adequate oxidation states, moderate toxicity, and relative abundance, seem ideal for this purpose. In this review, we present the most characteristic perovskites (conventional perovskites, layered, or double perovskites) that can be formed with the help of these metals. We focus on d-block metal ions with stable oxidation states, such as Ag+ or Ti4+, which have exhibited satisfactory photovoltaic properties until now. Further, we highlight the results involving compounds other than halide perovskites, such as oxides, chalcogenides, and nitrides (as well as oxyhalides, oxysulfides, and oxynitrides); a few of them are ferroelectric (based on Ti4+, Zr4+, Fe3+, and Cr3+) and can yield a photovoltage that exceeds the bandgap of the material. Finally, we present the critical challenges that currently limit the efficiency of these systems and propose prospects for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaros Theofylaktos
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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