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Guo L, Hu S, Gu X, Zhang R, Wang K, Yan W, Sun X. Emerging Spintronic Materials and Functionalities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301854. [PMID: 37309258 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The explosive growth of the information era has put forward urgent requirements for ultrahigh-speed and extremely efficient computations. In direct contrary to charge-based computations, spintronics aims to use spins as information carriers for data storage, transmission, and decoding, to help fully realize electronic device miniaturization and high integration for next-generation computing technologies. Currently, many novel spintronic materials have been developed with unique properties and multifunctionalities, including organic semiconductors (OSCs), organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs), and 2D materials (2DMs). These materials are useful to fulfill the demand for developing diverse and advanced spintronic devices. Herein, these promising materials are systematically reviewed for advanced spintronic applications. Due to the distinct chemical and physical structures of OSCs, OIHPs, and 2DMs, their spintronic properties (spin transport and spin manipulation) are discussed separately. In addition, some multifunctionalities due to photoelectric and chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) are overviewed, including the spin-filter effect, spin-photovoltaics, spin-light emitting devices, and spin-transistor functions. Subsequently, challenges and future perspectives of using these multifunctional materials for the development of advanced spintronics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shunhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xianrong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG9 2RD, UK
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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Guo L, Gu X, Hu S, Sun W, Zhang R, Qin Y, Meng K, Lu X, Liu Y, Wang J, Ma P, Zhang C, Guo A, Yang T, Yang X, Wang G, Liu Y, Wang K, Mi W, Zhang C, Jiang L, Liu L, Zheng K, Qin W, Yan W, Sun X. Strain-restricted transfer of ferromagnetic electrodes for constructing reproducibly superior-quality spintronic devices. Nat Commun 2024; 15:865. [PMID: 38286850 PMCID: PMC10824775 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Spintronic device is the fundamental platform for spin-related academic and practical studies. However, conventional techniques with energetic deposition or boorish transfer of ferromagnetic metal inevitably introduce uncontrollable damage and undesired contamination in various spin-transport-channel materials, leading to partially attenuated and widely distributed spintronic device performances. These issues will eventually confuse the conclusions of academic studies and limit the practical applications of spintronics. Here we propose a polymer-assistant strain-restricted transfer technique that allows perfectly transferring the pre-patterned ferromagnetic electrodes onto channel materials without any damage and change on the properties of magnetism, interface, and channel. This technique is found productive for pursuing superior-quality spintronic devices with high controllability and reproducibility. It can also apply to various-kind (organic, inorganic, organic-inorganic hybrid, or carbon-based) and diverse-morphology (smooth, rough, even discontinuous) channel materials. This technique can be very useful for reliable device construction and will facilitate the technological transition of spintronic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianrong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Sun
- School of Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Solids, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, 100124, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Meng
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqian Lu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Solids, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, 100124, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijie Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Solids, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, 100124, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ankang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guorui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Mi
- School of Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Solids, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, 100124, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjing Yan
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Groesbeck M, Liu H, Kavand M, Lafalce E, Wang J, Pan X, Tennahewa TH, Popli H, Malissa H, Boehme C, Vardeny ZV. Separation of Spin and Charge Transport in Pristine π-Conjugated Polymers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:067702. [PMID: 32109121 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.067702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have experimentally tested whether spin-transport and charge-transport in pristine π-conjugated polymer films at room temperature occur via the same electronic processes. We have obtained the spin diffusion coefficient of several π-conjugated polymer films from the spin diffusion length measured by the technique of inverse spin Hall effect and the spin relaxation time measured by pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The charge diffusion coefficient was obtained from the time-of-flight mobility measurements on the same films. We found that the spin diffusion coefficient is larger than the charge diffusion coefficient by about 1-2 orders of magnitude and conclude that spin and charge transports in disordered polymer films occur through different electronic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Groesbeck
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Haoliang Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Marzieh Kavand
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Evan Lafalce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jingying Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | | | - Henna Popli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Hans Malissa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Christoph Boehme
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Z Valy Vardeny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Guo L, Qin Y, Gu X, Zhu X, Zhou Q, Sun X. Spin Transport in Organic Molecules. Front Chem 2019; 7:428. [PMID: 31275920 PMCID: PMC6591472 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the considerable advantages of functional molecules as well as supramolecules, such as the low cost, light weight, flexibility, and large area preparation via the solution method, molecular electronics has grown into an active and rapidly developing research field over the past few decades. Beyond those well-known advantages, a very long spin relaxation time of π-conjugated molecules, due to the weak spin-orbit coupling, facilitates a pioneering but fast-growing research field, known as molecular spintronics. Recently, a series of sustained progresses have been achieved with various π-conjugated molecular matrixes where spin transport is undoubtedly an important point for the spin physical process and multifunctional applications. Currently, most studies on spin transport are carried out with a molecule-based spin valve, which shows a typical geometry with a thin-film molecular layer sandwiched between two ferromagnetic electrodes. In such a device, the spin transport process has been demonstrated to have a close correlation with spin relaxation time and charge carrier mobility of π-conjugated molecules. In this review, the recent advances of spin transport in these two aspects have been systematically summarized. Particularly, spin transport in π-conjugated molecular materials, considered as promising for spintronics development, have also been highlighted, including molecular single crystal, cocrystal, solid solution as well as other highly ordered supramolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianrong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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