1
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Ni F, Huang Y, Qiu L, Yang C. Synthetic progress of organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters via C-H activation and functionalization. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5904-5955. [PMID: 38717257 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have become increasingly prominent due to their promising applications across various fields, prompting a continuous demand for developing reliable synthetic methods to access them. This review aims to highlight the progress made in the last decade in synthesizing organic TADF compounds through C-H bond activation and functionalization. The review begins with a brief introduction to the basic features and design principles of TADF emitters. It then provides an overview of the advantages and concise development of C-H bond transformations in constructing TADF emitters. Subsequently, it summarizes both transition-metal-catalyzed and non-transition-metal-promoted C-H bond transformations used for the synthesis of TADF emitters. Finally, the review gives an outlook on further challenges and potential directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ni
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Yipan Huang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Longzhen Qiu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China.
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2
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Jodra A, Marazzi M, Frutos LM, García-Iriepa C. Modulating Efficiency and Color of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence by Rationalizing the Substitution Effect. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:4239-4253. [PMID: 38738688 PMCID: PMC11137832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) constitutes the process by which third-generation organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are being designed and produced. Despite several years of trial-and-error attempts, mainly driven by chemical intuition about how to improve a certain aspect of the process, few studies focused on the in-depth description of its two key properties: efficiency of the T1 → S1 intersystem crossing and further S1 → S0 emission. Here, by means of a newly developed theoretical formalism, we propose a systematic rationalization of the substituent effect in a paradigmatic class of OLED compounds, based on phenothiazine-dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide, known as PTZ-DBTO2. Our methodology allows to discern among geometrical and electronic effects induced by the substituent, deeply understanding the relationships existing between charge transfer, spin density, geometrical deformations, and energy modulations between electronic states. By our results, we can finally elucidate, depending on the substituent, the fate of the overall TADF process, quantitatively assessing its efficiency and predicting the color emission. Moreover, the general terms by which this methodology was developed allow its application to any chromophore of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Jodra
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Química Física e
Ingeniería Química, Grupo de Reactividad y Estructura
Molecular (RESMOL), Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28871, Spain
| | - Marco Marazzi
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Química Física e
Ingeniería Química, Grupo de Reactividad y Estructura
Molecular (RESMOL), Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28871, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del
Río” (IQAR), Universidad de
Alcalá, Ctra.
Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.600, Alcalá
de Henares, Madrid 28871, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Frutos
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Química Física e
Ingeniería Química, Grupo de Reactividad y Estructura
Molecular (RESMOL), Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28871, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del
Río” (IQAR), Universidad de
Alcalá, Ctra.
Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.600, Alcalá
de Henares, Madrid 28871, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Iriepa
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Química Física e
Ingeniería Química, Grupo de Reactividad y Estructura
Molecular (RESMOL), Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28871, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del
Río” (IQAR), Universidad de
Alcalá, Ctra.
Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.600, Alcalá
de Henares, Madrid 28871, Spain
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3
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Li G, Xu K, Zheng J, Fang X, Lou W, Zhan F, Deng C, Yang YF, Zhang Q, She Y. High-Performance Ultraviolet Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Enabled by Double Boron-Oxygen-Embedded Benzo[ m]tetraphene Emitters. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1667-1680. [PMID: 38175122 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet organic light-emitting diodes (UV OLEDs) have attracted increasing attention because of their promising applications in healthcare, industry, and agriculture; however, their development has been hindered by the shortage of robust UV emitters. Herein, we embedded double boron-oxygen units into nonlinear polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BO-PAHs) to regulate their molecular configurations and excited-state properties, enabling novel bent BO-biphenyl (BO-bPh) and helical BO-naphthyl (BO-Nap) emitters with hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) characteristics. They could be facilely synthesized in gram-scale amounts via a highly efficient two-step route. BO-bPh and BO-Nap showed strong UV and violet-blue photoluminescence in toluene with full width at half-maximum values of 25 and 37 nm, along with quantum efficiencies of 98 and 99%, respectively. A BO-bPh-based OLED showed high color purity UV electroluminescence peaking at 394 nm with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.166, 0.021). Moreover, the device demonstrated a record-high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 11.3%, achieved by successful hot exciton utilization. This work demonstrates the promising potential of double BO-PAHs as robust emitters for future UV OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jianbing Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Lou
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhan
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Chao Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
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4
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Deng SL, Chen YK, Lei J, Jayakumar J, Ko CL, Hung WY, Wu TL, Cheng CH. Modifications of Pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile Acceptor for Highly Efficient Green-to-Red Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37418573 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The strategy of acceptor modification is a powerful technique for tuning the emission color of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. In this study, we have successfully designed and synthesized three TADF emitters with donor-acceptor (D-A) structures using a 4-(diphenylamino)-2,6-dimethylphenyl (TPAm) donor and various pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile (PC) acceptor units. As a result, three compounds named TPAmbPPC, TPAm2NPC, and TPAmCPPC exhibited greenish-yellow to orange-red emissions with high photoluminescent quantum yields (76-100%) in thin films. Remarkably, a greenish-yellow device based on TPAmbPPC and TPAm2NPC showed a high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 39.1 and 39.0%, respectively. Furthermore, benefiting from the suitable steric hindrance between the acceptor and donor, the nondoped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on TPAmbPPC demonstrated an exceptional EQEmax of 21.6%, indicating its promising potential as an efficient emitter for the application of OLED applications. Furthermore, orange-red OLED devices based on TPAmCPPC exhibited a high EQEmax of 26.2%, a CE of 50.1 cd A-1, and a PE of 52.4 lm W-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Lin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Kuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Jian Lei
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Chang-Lun Ko
- Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Hung
- Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Lin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- College of Semiconductor Research, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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5
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Shi Y, Ma H, Sun Z, Zhao W, Sun G, Peng Q. Optimal Dihedral Angle in Twisted Donor-Acceptor Organic Emitters for Maximized Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213463. [PMID: 36268650 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The twisted donor-acceptor (D-A) organic formwork with a large dihedral angle (θDA ) is usually adopted to narrow the singlet-triplet energy gap for obtaining excellent thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. However, the dependence of overall TADF properties on θDA has not been systematically investigated to this day. Taking new designed CzBP, CzBP-1M and CzBP-2M via introducing methyl as investigated models, it is found that (i) with increasing θDA , the charge transfer component in S1 is larger than that in T1 in varying degrees, leading to non-monotonic spin-orbit couplings; (ii) the electron-vibration couplings between S1 and T1 states become the largest when θDA approaching 80°, facilitating phonon-driven up-conversion; (iii) the overall TADF rate reaches a peak at θDA ≈80°. By this, the TADF on/off switching is realized via methyl moiety for regulating θDA from theoretical prediction to experimental confirmation. Importantly, the θDA near 80° would be a good descriptor for screening excellent D-A type TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Shi
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science Yanbian University Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Sun
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Zhao
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Guangyan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Yanbian University Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Qian Peng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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6
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Nguyen NNT, Mubarok H, Lee T, Tran TQ, Jung J, Lee MH. Highly emissive planarized B, N-diarylated benzonaphthoazaborine compounds for narrowband blue fluorescence. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29892-29899. [PMID: 36321109 PMCID: PMC9580519 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05163j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly fluorescent blue emitters with high color purity are of great significance for optical applications. Herein, a series of planarized B,N-diarylated benzonaphthoazaborine compounds, namely, BzNp (1), BuBzNp (2), Bu2BzNp (3), Bu2BzMeNp (4), and Bu2BzBuNp (5), where electron-donating t Bu and Me groups are differently introduced into the B-Ph, N-Ph, or benzoazaborine rings, are prepared and characterized. All compounds exhibit low-energy absorptions (λ abs = 462-467 nm) and emissions (λ PL = 472-478 nm) remarkably red-shifted compared with those found for the pristine dibenzoazaborine compound (404 and 415 nm, respectively). Although the expansion of π-conjugation in the azaborine ring by replacing one phenyl ring with a naphthyl ring is mainly responsible for the redshifts, the emission is also fine-tuned by attached alkyl groups, which have a greater impact on the B-centered LUMO level at the azaborine ring than at the B-Ph ring. The bandgap control and emission tuning are further supported by electrochemical and theoretical studies. Notably, blue to sky-blue fluorescence of all compounds exhibits unitary photoluminescence quantum yields, narrow full width at half maximum values (∼20 nm), and small Stokes shifts (∼11 nm), indicating strong emissions with high color purity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanif Mubarok
- Department of Chemistry, University of UlsanUlsan 44610Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of UlsanUlsan 44610Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Quyen Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of UlsanUlsan 44610Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of UlsanUlsan 44610Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of UlsanUlsan 44610Republic of Korea
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7
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Dai H, Li G, Liu M, Meng G, Zeng X, Huang T, Wang L, Peng Q, Yang D, Ma D, Zhang D, Duan L. Mesityl‐Functionalized Multi‐Resonance Organoboron Delayed Fluorescent Frameworks with Wide‐Range Color Tunability for Narrowband OLEDs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206916. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Hengyi Dai
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Guomeng Li
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Meihui Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Guoyun Meng
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Huang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Qian Peng
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials DevicesState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Dongge Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials DevicesState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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8
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Chen C, Du C, Wang X. The Rise of 1,4-BN-Heteroarenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200707. [PMID: 35419988 PMCID: PMC9259729 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BN-heteroarenes, which employ both boron and nitrogen in aromatic hydrocarbons, have gained great attention in the fields of organic chemistry and materials science. Nevertheless, the extensive studies on BN-heteroarenes are largely limited to 1,2-azaborine-based compounds with B-N covalent bonds, whereas 1,3- and 1,4-BN-heteroarenes are relatively rare due to their greater challenge in the synthesis. Recently, significant progresses have been achieved in the synthesis and applications of BN-heteroarenes featuring 1,4-azaborines, especially driven by their significant potential as multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials. Therefore, it is timely to review these advances from the chemistry perspective. This review summarizes the synthetic methods and recent achievements of 1,4-azaborine-based BN-heteroarenes and discusses their unique properties and potential applications of this emerging class of materials, highlighting the value of 1,4-BN-heteroarenes beyond MR-TADF materials. It is hoped that this review would stimulate the conversation and cooperation between chemists who are interested in azaborine chemistry and materials scientists working in the fields of organic optoelectronics, metal catalysis, and carbon-based nanoscience etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Cheng‐Zhuo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Xiao‐Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
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9
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Dai H, Li G, Liu M, Meng G, Zeng X, Huang T, Wang L, Peng Q, Yang D, Ma D, Zhang D, Duan L. Mesityl‐Functionalized Multi‐Resonance Organoboron Delayed Fluorescent Frameworks with Wide‐range Color Tunability for Narrowband OLEDs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Meihui Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Chemical Sciences CHINA
| | | | | | | | - Lu Wang
- Tsinghua University chemistry CHINA
| | - Qian Peng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Chemical Sciences CHINA
| | - Dezhi Yang
- South China University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices CHINA
| | - Dongge Ma
- South China University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices CHINA
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry Room 114Hetian Building 100084 Beijing CHINA
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10
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Kondo M, Agou T. Catalytic aerobic photooxidation of triarylphosphines using dibenzo-fused 1,4-azaborines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5001-5004. [PMID: 35362494 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00782g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although dibenzo-fused 1,4-heteroaromatics are utilized as strongly reducing photocatalysts in organic synthesis and polymerization, they have rarely been employed in catalytic photooxidation. Moreover, to date, their boron-analogs, dibenzo-fused 1,4-azaborines (DBABs), have not been applied in photocatalysis despite their promising potential as photocatalysts. Accordingly, herein, aerobic photooxidation of triarylphosphines (Ar3P) was performed using DBABs as photocatalysts. The reaction smoothly proceeded in an aprotic solvent, and phosphine oxides were obtained in appropriate yields. Density functional theory calculations suggested that DBAB captured and activated phosphadioxirane intermediates, which were generated by the interaction of Ar3P with 1O2, at the Lewis acidic boron center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kondo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Naka-narusawa, Hitachi-Shi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Agou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Naka-narusawa, Hitachi-Shi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan.
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11
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Lee YH, Lee W, Lee T, Lee D, Jung J, Yoo S, Lee MH. Blue TADF Emitters Based on B-Heterotriangulene Acceptors for Highly Efficient OLEDs with Reduced Efficiency Roll-Off. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45778-45788. [PMID: 34519475 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The design of robust boron acceptors plays a key role in the development of boron-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters for the realization of efficient and stable blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, we report a set of donor (D)-acceptor (A)-type blue TADF compounds (1-3) comprising triply bridged triarylboryl acceptors, the so-called B-heterotriangulenes, which differ depending on the identity of one of the bridging groups: methylene (1), dimethylmethylene (2), or oxo (3). The X-ray crystal structures of 2 and 3 reveal a highly twisted D-A connectivity and a completely planar geometry for the B-heterotriangulene rings. All compounds exhibit blue emissions with the unitary photoluminescence quantum yields and small singlet-triplet energy splitting (<0.1 eV) in their doped host films. The compounds exhibit a fast reverse intersystem crossing rate (kRISC ≈ 106 s-1) with short-lived delayed fluorescence (τd ≈ 2 μs), which is found to be promoted by the strong spin-orbit coupling between the local triplet excited state (3LE, T2) and singlet (S1) states. Using compounds 1-3 as the emitters, highly efficient blue TADF-OLEDs are realized. The devices based on the emitters with B-heterotriangulenes exhibit better performances than the device incorporating a singly bridged reference emitter over the whole luminance range. Notably, the device based on the fully dimethylmethylene-bridged emitter (2) achieves the highest maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 28.2% and the lowest efficiency roll-off, maintaining a high EQE value of 21.2% at 1000 cd/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochan Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggyun Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
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12
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Nagata M, Oshiro T, Mizuhata Y, Tokitoh N, Hosoya T, Yamada S, Konno T, Fukumoto H, Kubota T, Agou T. Synthesis of Carbazole-Fused Azaborines via a Pd-Catalyzed C-H Activation-Cyclization Reaction. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Nagata
- Department of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
| | - Taku Oshiro
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mizuhata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hosoya
- Department of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yamada
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Konno
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fukumoto
- Department of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
| | - Toshio Kubota
- Department of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Agou
- Department of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
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13
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Zhou T, Qian Y, Wang H, Feng Q, Xie L, Huang W. Recent Advances in Substituent Effects of Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Small Molecules. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a21010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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14
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Xia Y, Zhang M, Ren S, Song J, Ye J, Humphrey MG, Zheng C, Wang K, Zhang X. 6,12-Dihydro-6,12-diboradibenzo[def,mno]chrysene: A Doubly Boron-Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon for Organic Light Emitting Diodes by a One-Pot Synthesis. Org Lett 2020; 22:7942-7946. [PMID: 33021796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One-pot synthesis of a new doubly boron-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of 6,12-dimesityl-6,12-dihydro-6,12-diboradibenzo[def,mno]chrysene (MDBDBC) was reported. MDBDBC features a rigid planar electron-deficient core structure and demonstrates good chemical and thermal stabilities. A low-lying LUMO of -3.53 eV, a low locally excited triplet energy of 1.92 eV, as well as green electroluminescence with maximum EQE of 4.9% were found for MDBDBC, suggesting its potential as an n-type unit for future organic light emitting diode applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfu Xia
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China.,School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.,School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
| | - Simeng Ren
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Junling Song
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ye
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China.,School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China
| | - Mark G Humphrey
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Caijun Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
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15
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Mayder DM, Tonge CM, Hudson ZM. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles with π-Extended Donors. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11094-11103. [PMID: 32813517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe the synthesis of five 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based donor-acceptor materials, using dendritic carbazole-based donors 9'H-9,3':6'9″-tercarbazole (terCBz) and N3,N3,N6,N6-tetra-p-tolyl-9H-carbazole-3,6-diamine (TTAC). Due to the strongly donating and highly twisted nature of the TTAC donor as well as the spatially separated hole-particle wavefunctions, three of the five compounds exhibited thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in spite of a relatively large ΔEST measured through phosphorimetry (0.33-0.37 eV). These materials demonstrated photoluminescence quantum yields as high as 0.89 in toluene, with emission maxima ranging from 474 to 495 nm in the solid state. Additionally, two materials containing only terCBZ donor(s) exhibited deep blue fluorescence, with Commission Internationale de l'éclairage coordinates of (0.16, 0.05); the weaker nature of the terCBz donor results in a prohibitively large ΔEST (0.68-0.77 eV). A gap-tuned range-separated hybrid functional (ωB97XD*) was used to rigorously calculate triplet energies, while a systematic analysis of electronic structures and photophysical properties provided further insight into the properties of these materials. These findings ultimately contribute a synthetically facile approach toward highly emissive TADF emitters using a 1,3,4-oxadiazole motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don M Mayder
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Christopher M Tonge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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16
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Mubarok H, Lee W, Lee T, Jung J, Yoo S, Lee MH. Impact of Boron Acceptors on the TADF Properties of Ortho-Donor-Appended Triarylboron Emitters. Front Chem 2020; 8:538. [PMID: 32714897 PMCID: PMC7344311 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the impact of boron acceptors on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties of ortho-donor-appended triarylboron compounds. Different boryl acceptor moieties, such as 9-boraanthryl (1), 10H-phenoxaboryl (2), and dimesitylboryl (BMes2, 3) groups have been introduced into an ortho donor (D)–acceptor (A) backbone structure containing a 9,9-diphenylacridine (DPAC) donor. X-ray crystal diffraction and NMR spectroscopy evidence the presence of steric congestion around the boron atom along with a highly twisted D–A structure. A short contact of 2.906 Å between the N and B atoms, which is indicative of an N → B nonbonding electronic interaction, is observed in the crystal structure of 2. All compounds are highly emissive (PLQYs = 90–99%) and display strong TADF properties in both solution and solid state. The fluorescence bands of cyclic boryl-containing 1 and 2 are substantially blue-shifted compared to that of BMes2-containing 3. In particular, the PL emission bandwidths of 1 and 2 are narrower than that of 3. High-efficiency TADF-OLEDs are realized using 1–3 as emitters. Among them, the devices based on the cyclic boryl emitters exhibit pure blue electroluminescence (EL) and narrower EL bands than the device with 3. Furthermore, the device fabricated with emitter 1 achieves a high external quantum efficiency of 25.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Mubarok
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Woochan Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Taehwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
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17
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Kim J, Lee T, Ryu JY, Lee YH, Lee J, Jung J, Lee MH. Highly Emissive ortho-Donor–Acceptor Triarylboranes: Impact of Boryl Acceptors on Luminescence Properties. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
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18
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Hsieh CM, Wu TL, Jayakumar J, Wang YC, Ko CL, Hung WY, Lin TC, Wu HH, Lin KH, Lin CH, Hsieh S, Cheng CH. Diboron-Based Delayed Fluorescent Emitters with Orange-to-Red Emission and Superior Organic Light-Emitting Diode Efficiency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:23199-23206. [PMID: 32326694 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For the application of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in lighting and panels, the basic requirement is to include a full spectrum color range. Compared with the development of blue and green luminophores in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) technology, the progress of orange-to-red materials is slow and needs further investigation. In this study, three diboron compound-based materials, dPhADBA, dmAcDBA, and SpAcDBA, were designed and synthesized by nucleophilic arylation of three amine donors on 9,10-diboraanthracene (DBA) in a two-step reaction. With increasing electron-donating ability, they show orange-to-red emission with TADF characteristics. The electroluminescence of these diboron compounds exhibits emissions λmax at 613, 583, and 567 nm for dPhADBA, dmAcDBA, and SpAcDBA, respectively. It is noteworthy that the rod-like D-A-D structures can achieve high horizontal ratios (84-86%) and outstanding device performance for orange-to-red TADF OLEDs: the highest external quantum efficiencies for dPhADBA, dmAcDBA, and SpAcDBA are 11.1 ± 0.5, 24.9 ± 0.5, and 30.0 ± 0.8%, respectively. Therefore, these diboron-based molecules offer a promising avenue for the design of orange-to-red TADF emitters and the development of highly efficient orange-to-red OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Min Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Lin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Ying-Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Lun Ko
- Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Hung
- Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsin-Hui Wu
- AU Optronics Corporation, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Shuchen Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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19
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Serevičius T, Skaisgiris R, Dodonova J, Jagintavičius L, Banevičius D, Kazlauskas K, Tumkevičius S, Juršėnas S. Achieving Submicrosecond Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Lifetime and Highly Efficient Electroluminescence by Fine-Tuning of the Phenoxazine-Pyrimidine Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:10727-10736. [PMID: 32020805 PMCID: PMC7467543 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials, combining high fluorescence quantum efficiency and short delayed emission lifetime, are highly desirable for application in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with negligible external quantum efficiency (EQE) roll-off. Here, we present the pathway for shortening the TADF lifetime of highly emissive 4,6-bis[4-(10-phenoxazinyl)phenyl]pyrimidine derivatives. Tiny manipulation of the molecular structure with methyl groups was applied to tune the singlet-triplet energy-level scheme and the corresponding coupling strengths, enabling the boost of the reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) rate (from 0.7 to 6.5) × 106 s-1 and shorten the TADF lifetime down to only 800 ns in toluene solutions. An almost identical TADF lifetime of roughly 860 ns was attained also in solid films for the compound with the most rapid TADF decay in toluene despite the presence of inevitable conformational disorder. Concomitantly, the boost of fluorescence quantum efficiency to near unity was achieved in solid films due to the weakened nonradiative decay. Exceptional EQE peak values of 26.3-29.1% together with adjustable emission wavelength in the range of 502-536 nm were achieved in TADF OLEDs. Reduction of EQE roll-off was demonstrated by lowering the TADF lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Serevičius
- Institute of Photonics
and Nanotechnology, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rokas Skaisgiris
- Institute of Photonics
and Nanotechnology, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jelena Dodonova
- Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laimis Jagintavičius
- Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dovydas Banevičius
- Institute of Photonics
and Nanotechnology, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karolis Kazlauskas
- Institute of Photonics
and Nanotechnology, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sigitas Tumkevičius
- Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Juršėnas
- Institute of Photonics
and Nanotechnology, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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20
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Deng Q, Zhu Z, Shu X. Spectrally resolved luminescence lifetime detection for measuring the energy splitting of the long-lived excited states. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 224:117434. [PMID: 31394392 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Molecular motion plays an important role in the reverse intersystem crossing of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials, since the conformation varies as the molecule vibrates, leading to potential changes in the energies of excited states. Although many theoretical simulations have researched the relationship between the excited states and the molecular conformations, there are still few experimental results showing the energy level difference between different long-lived excited states. Herein, a novel method for measuring spectrally resolved luminescence lifetimes is proposed to detect the energy splitting of the long-lived excited states of a classical TADF molecule, BTZ-DMAC. A set of the time-gated luminescence spectra with different delay times were captured by a spectrograph equipped on an auto-phase-locked system, and then used for lifetime analysis at each wavelength. Unlike traditional measurement techniques, the proposed novel method does not require ultrafast laser, high-speed detector and any phase matching circuitry, thus significantly reducing the cost. This method revealed a definite energy gap between the two excited states of BTZ-DMAC with different lifetimes, indicating different conformations caused by molecular vibration. This low-cost method could be also used to detect many other luminescence materials for investigating the detail mechanisms of multiple excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisheng Deng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zece Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xuewen Shu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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21
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Li G, Lou W, Wang D, Deng C, Zhang Q. Difluoroboron-Enabled Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:32209-32217. [PMID: 31387348 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new series of tetracoordinated boron-enabled thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with a donor-acceptor BF2-type framework were designed and conveniently synthesized. Difluoroboron plays a critical role and acts as a key to coordinate with the latent acceptor of the 2-(4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)phenol (PPyPOH) moiety to realize TADF. TADF materials are air-stable and have a high photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 99%. NOBF2-Cz- and NOBF2-DPCz-doped blue OLEDs demonstrated EQEs of 11.0% with CIE coordinates of (0.14, 0.16) and 15.8% with (0.14, 0.28) and high brightness of 6761 and 19383 cd/m2 could be achieved, respectively. Moreover, the blue OLED doped with NOBF2-DPCz and the green OLED doped with NOBF2-DMAC achieved operational lifetimes at 50% of initial luminance (L0 = 500 cd/m2), LT50, of 54 and 920 h, respectively. This work indicates that these tetracoordinated difluoroboron molecules can act as efficient and stable TADF materials for OLED applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Lou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Chao Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
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22
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Cheng Z, Li Z, Xu Y, Liang J, Lin C, Wei J, Wang Y. Achieving Efficient Blue Delayed Electrofluorescence by Shielding Acceptors with Carbazole Units. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:28096-28105. [PMID: 31290328 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters that have high electroluminescence efficiency and low efficiency roll-off features remain a great challenge. Herein, we developed a facile and efficient strategy by shielding acceptors with carbazole units for constructing high-performance blue TADF emitters. Benzonitrile (BN), 9,9-diphenylacridan (DPAc), and carbazole (Cz) were adopted as the acceptor, donor, and protector, respectively, to build two TADF emitters named DPAc-DCzBN and DPAc-DtCzBN. The nondoped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) of DPAc-DCzBN as the emitter exhibited a standard sky-blue emission with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.16, 0.26), high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.0%, and low efficiency roll-off (EQEs of 19.5, 16.1, and 12.6% at 100, 500, and 1000 cd m-2, respectively), which is an outstanding nondoped blue TADF OLED. The doped device of DPAc-DtCzBN displayed a pure blue emission and the corresponding CIE coordinates are (0.16, 0.15). Meanwhile, it also demonstrated high and stabilized EQE values of 23.1, 18.3, and 11.5% at maxima, 100 and 500 cd m-2, respectively, which is a quite high level among the pure blue TADF OLEDs. This study testifies the feasibility of our strategy in constructing high-performance TADF electroluminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Yincai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Jixiong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Jinbei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
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