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Shan L, Qiao Y, Ma L, Zhang X, Chen C, Xu X, Li D, Qiu S, Xue X, Yu Y, Guo Y, Qian K, Wang J. AuNPs/CNC Nanocomposite with A "Dual Dispersion" Effect for LDI-TOF MS Analysis of Intact Proteins in NSCLC Serum Exosomes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307360. [PMID: 38224220 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Detecting exosomal markers using laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF MS) is a novel approach for examining liquid biopsies of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples. However, LDI-TOF MS is limited by low sensitivity and poor reproducibility when analyzing intact proteins directly. In this report, gold nanoparticles/cellulose nanocrystals (AuNPs/CNC) is introduced as the matrix for direct analysis of intact proteins in NSCLC serum exosomes. AuNPs/CNC with "dual dispersion" effects dispersed and stabilized AuNPs and improved ion inhibition effects caused by protein aggregation. These features increased the signal-to-noise ratio of [M+H]+ peaks by two orders of magnitude and lowered the detection limit of intact proteins to 0.01 mg mL-1. The coefficient of variation with or without AuNPs/CNC is measured as 10.2% and 32.5%, respectively. The excellent reproducibility yielded a linear relationship (y = 15.41x - 7.983, R2 = 0.989) over the protein concentration range of 0.01 to 20 mg mL-1. Finally, AuNPs/CNC-assisted LDI-TOF MS provides clinically relevant fingerprint information of exosomal proteins in NSCLC serum, and characteristic proteins S100 calcium-binding protein A10, Urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor, Plasma protease C1 inhibitor, Tyrosine-protein kinase Fgr and Mannose-binding lectin associated serine protease 2 represented excellent predictive biomarkers of NSCLC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yongxia Qiao
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Changqiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Qiu
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Xiangfei Xue
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yongchun Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yinlong Guo
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 345, Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1954, Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 241, West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
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Oñate-Gutiérrez JA, Díaz-Sánchez LM, Urbina DL, Pinzón JR, Blanco-Tirado C, Combariza MY. Exploring the chemical composition and coloring qualities of cacao fruit epicarp extracts. RSC Adv 2023; 13:12712-12722. [PMID: 37101532 PMCID: PMC10124160 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01049j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cacao pod husks (CHs), the most abundant by-product of cacao beans production, can potentially become a source of functional ingredients for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Three pigment samples (yellow, red, and purple) from lyophilized and ground cacao pod husk epicarp (CHE), were isolated by ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction, with yields between 11 and 14 wt%. The pigments exhibited UV-Vis flavonoid-related absorption bands at 283 nm and 323 nm and, only for the purple extract, reflectance bands in the 400-700 nm range. As per the Folin-Ciocalteu method, the CHE extracts contain high yields of antioxidant phenolic compounds amounting to 161.6, 153.9, and 167.9 mg GAE per g extract for the yellow, red, and purple samples, respectively. Phloretin, quercetin, myricetin, jaceosidin, and procyanidin B1 were among the main flavonoids identified by MALDI-TOF MS. A biopolymeric bacterial-cellulose matrix can effectively retain up to 541.8 mg of CHE extract per g of cellulose in dry weight. Also, MTT assays revealed that CHE extracts are non-toxic and increase viability in cultured VERO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis M Díaz-Sánchez
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander Bucaramanga Santander Colombia
| | - Diana L Urbina
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander Bucaramanga Santander Colombia
| | - Julio R Pinzón
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander Bucaramanga Santander Colombia
| | | | - Marianny Y Combariza
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander Bucaramanga Santander Colombia
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Díaz-Sánchez LM, Blanco-Tirado C, Combariza MY. Electron-transfer MALDI MS methodology for microalgae/phytoplankton pigments analysis. MethodsX 2023; 10:102140. [PMID: 37007620 PMCID: PMC10050785 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The method describes pigment analysis from microalgae/phytoplankton extracts using electron-transfer Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ET MALDI MS). Current microalgae/phytoplankton pigment analysis requires resource- and time-intensive chromatographic methods due to the broad polarity range of the target analytes. On the other hand, traditional MALDI MS chlorophyll analysis, using proton-transfer matrices such as 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) or α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), results in central metal loss and phytol-ester cleavage. ET MALDI MS is an alternative for the rapid screening and detection of pigments in microalgae extracts.•MALDI matrices with ionization energies above 8.0 eV guarantee electron-transfer processes from photosynthetic and photoprotective pigments whose ionization energies lay below 7.5 eV.•ET MALDI MS pigment analysis agrees with data gathered from conventional chromatographic techniques (HPLC) and optical microscopy for pigment extracts from C. vulgaris cultures and freshwater phytoplankton samples.•The ET MALDI MS method allows fast and reliable detection of pigments in microalgae cultures and freshwater phytoplankton samples.
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Ma C, Yu T, Liu Y, Shi R, Lv R, Guo R, Cao Q, Dai G, Zhao Y, Liu J. Cationization of neutral small molecules by site-specific carboxylation of 10-phenyl-10 H-phenothiazine in laser desorption/ionization. Analyst 2021; 146:5533-5541. [PMID: 34515705 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01111a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is a pre-requisite to ionize analyte molecules efficiently for detection by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Here, we report a conceptual demonstration of cationizing neutral small molecules which are typically difficult to be ionized with the traditional organic matrices due to their low proton/cation affinity values. Our strategy features generating radical cations from site-specifically carboxylated 10-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10H-phenothiazine-3,7-dicarboxylic acid (PTZ(A)2-Ph(A)) with a laser, and anchoring the chlorine ion from NaCl through covalent bond-like bridging interactions with the N/S atoms in the heterocyclic structure. This "Maverick" design allows a dramatic change of the energy landscape of analyte sodiation with an enhanced efficiency. We have synthesized two families of compounds based on the model structures of phenothiazine (PTZ) and phenoxazine (PXZ) and their carboxylated derivatives, and performed comparison between them or against the traditional organic matrices in a systematic format. We have demonstrated that PTZ(A)2-Ph(A) is outstanding as a novel MALDI matrix for the detection of oligosaccharides and amino acids, with an ultra-clean background baseline and high signal-to-noise ratios (up to dozens of times better than the traditional matrices). This work provides a new method for the cationization of neutral small molecules in a distinct mechanism, inspiring the development of next-generation matrices for sensitive detection of hard-to-be-ionized molecules by MALDI MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongqing Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China.
| | - Tianrong Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China.
| | - Rui Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China.
| | - Rui Lv
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China.
| | - Ruochen Guo
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China.
| | - Qinghua Cao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China.
| | - Gaole Dai
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China.
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Qiao Z, Lissel F. MALDI Matrices for the Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Compounds: Rational Design, Challenges and Perspectives. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:868-878. [PMID: 33657276 PMCID: PMC8251880 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of low molecular weight (LMW) compounds is of great interest to detect small pharmaceutical drugs rapidly and sensitively, or to trace and understand metabolic pathways. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) plays a central role in the analysis of high molecular weight (bio)molecules. However, its application for LMW compounds is restricted by spectral interferences in the low m/z region, which are produced by conventional organic matrices. Several strategies regarding sample preparation have been investigated to overcome this problem. A different rationale is centred on developing new matrices which not only meet the fundamental requirements of good absorption and high ionization efficiency, but are also vacuum stable and "MALDI silent", i. e., do not give matrix-related signals in the LMW area. This review gives an overview on the rational design strategies used to develop matrix systems for the analysis of LMW compounds, focusing on (i) the modification of well-known matrices, (ii) the search for high molecular weight matrices, (iii) the development of binary, hybrid and nanomaterial-based matrices, (iv) the advance of reactive matrices and (v) the progress made regarding matrices for negative or dual polarity mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qiao
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden (Germany) Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryDresden University of Technology, Mommsenstr. 401062DresdenGermany
| | - Franziska Lissel
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden (Germany) Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryDresden University of Technology, Mommsenstr. 401062DresdenGermany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstr. 1007743JenaGermany
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6
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Regulation of aggregation-induced emission color of α-cyanostilbene luminogens through donor engineering of amino derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.152972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Qi Y, Hu X, Yang X, Jia S, Zhong H. Competing Deprotonation and Electron Capture Dissociation in MALDI Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:322-329. [PMID: 33200938 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A protonation/deprotonation mechanism has been established for the interpretation of ions in MALDI. We show herein that negative ions can be generated in different ways. Molecules with different electron affinities have been spotted on surfaces of TiO2, ZnO, and a stainless steel plate for the investigation of electron capture dissociation in comparison with photo- or thermal-induced deprotonation upon irradiation of the third harmonic of Nd3+:YAG (355 nm) laser pulses. Detection of C60•- and Fe (II) (porph•-) radical anions unambiguously demonstrates the electron-transfer process and the exothermic capture of electrons. Radical anions of fatty acids were difficult to observe because of electron-directed ultrafast homolytic cleavage of O-H bonds unless there is a conjugated system as that in C60 and porphyrin for the delocalization and stabilization of acquired changes. The surface basicity of substrate materials was found to determine the competition of the electron-capture dissociation with deprotonation processes. Multiple electron transfers to pyrrole, -COOH, and Fe2+ of the heme were observed on TiO2 and the stainless steel plate but not on ZnO. When the heme was deprotonated by proton sponge 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene, the occurrence of electron transfer on TiO2 was also not observed. It is proposed that negative charges of deprotonated ions prevent electron transfer due to the repulsive force. When both deprotonation and electron transfer are inhibited, adsorbed fatty acids on TiO2 undergo dehydration reactions to form titanium esters. In contrast, ZnO generates gaseous micelles composed of positive metal ions and negative fatty acid ions through either deprotonation or electron-capture dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Qi
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. China
| | - Xuewen Hu
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Zhong
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. China
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Maillard JF, Le Maître J, Rüger CP, Ridgeway M, Thompson CJ, Paupy B, Hubert-Roux M, Park M, Afonso C, Giusti P. Structural analysis of petroporphyrins from asphaltene by trapped ion mobility coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Analyst 2021; 146:4161-4171. [PMID: 34047731 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00140j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular characterization of compounds present in highly complex mixtures such as petroleum is proving to be one of the main analytical challenges. Heavy fractions, such as asphaltenes, exhibit immense molecular and isomeric complexity. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) with its unequalled resolving power, mass accuracy and dynamic range can address the isobaric complexity. Nevertheless, isomers remain largely inaccessible. Therefore, another dimension of separation is required. Recently, ion mobility mass spectrometry has revealed great potential for isomer description. In this study, the combination of trapped ion mobility and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (TIMS-FTICR) is used to obtain information on the structural features and isomeric diversity of vanadium petroporphyrins present in heavy petroleum fractions. The ion mobility spectra provided information on the isomeric diversity of the different classes of porphyrins. The determination of the collision cross section (CCS) from the peak apex allows us to hypothesize about the structural aspects of the petroleum molecules. In addition, the ion mobility signal full width at half maximum (FWHM) was used as a measure for isomeric diversity. Finally, theoretical CCS determinations were conducted first on core structures and then on alkylated petroporphyrins taking advantage of the linear correlation between the CCS and the alkylation level. This allowed the proposal of putative structures in agreement with the experimental results. The authors believe that the presented workflow will be useful for the structural prediction of real unknowns in highly complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien F Maillard
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen-Normandie, CNRS, IRCOF, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France. and International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Johann Le Maître
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen-Normandie, CNRS, IRCOF, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France. and TOTAL Refining & Chemicals, Total Research & Technology Gonfreville, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France and International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Christopher P Rüger
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France and Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre/Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany and Department Life, Light & Matter (LLM), University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Benoit Paupy
- TOTAL Refining & Chemicals, Total Research & Technology Gonfreville, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France and International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Marie Hubert-Roux
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen-Normandie, CNRS, IRCOF, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France. and International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | | | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen-Normandie, CNRS, IRCOF, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France. and International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Pierre Giusti
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen-Normandie, CNRS, IRCOF, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France. and TOTAL Refining & Chemicals, Total Research & Technology Gonfreville, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France and International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
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Villada JD, Carmona-Vargas CC, Ellena J, Ayala AP, Ramirez-Pradilla JS, Combariza MY, Galarza E, D’Vries RF, Chaur MN. Synthesis, characterization, and redox potential properties of a new double-stranded Ni-bis(hydrazone)-based helicate. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ramírez-Pradilla JS, Blanco-Tirado C, Combariza MY. Electron-Transfer Ionization of Nanoparticles, Polymers, Porphyrins, and Fullerenes Using Synthetically Tunable α-Cyanophenylenevinylenes as UV MALDI-MS Matrices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:10975-10987. [PMID: 30794747 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electron-transfer ionization in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (ET-MALDI) is widely used for the analysis of functional materials that are labile, unstable, and reactive in nature. However, conventional ET matrices (e.g., trans-2-[3-(4- tert-butylphenyl)-2-methyl-2-propenylidene] malononitrile (DCTB)) still lack in performance due to cluster formation, reactivity with analytes, and vacuum instability. In this contribution, we report the use of α-cyanophenylenevinylene derivatives as UV MALDI matrices for the analysis, by ET ionization, of nanoparticles, polymers, porphyrins, and fullerenes. The synthetic versatility of the phenylenevinylene (PV) core allowed us to modulate physicochemical properties, fundamental for efficient formation of primary ions in the gas phase under MALDI conditions, such as planarity, ionization potentials, molar absorptivity, and laser thresholds. For instance, introduction of -CN groups in vinyl positions of the PV core induced structural disruption in planarity in the new α-CNPV derivatives, shifting their maximum molar absorptivity to UV wavelengths and increasing their ionization energy values above 8.0 eV. UV MALDI-relevant photophysical properties in solution and solid state are reported (λmax and ε355nm). LDI spectra of α-CNPVs exhibit predominant signals due to M+• and [M + H]+ species, whereas the standard matrix DCTB shows peaks associated with clusters and nondesirable products. The mass spectrometry (MS) performance of six α-CNPV derivatives was assessed for the ionization of a standard compound, with α-CNPV-CH3 and α-CNPV-OCH3 exhibiting better analytical figures of merit than those of a standard matrix (DCTB). These new matrices display high vacuum stability (79%) for up to 240 min of residence in the ionization source, in contrast with DCTB with 13%. Vacuum stability is vital, particularly for applications such as high-throughput analysis and imaging MS. In addition, when a mixture of 20 analytes (PAHs, porphyrins, and triphenylamine dyes) ranging from m/z 300 to 1700 was analyzed via ET-MALDI, we observed analyte coverage of 90% with the α-CNPV-CH3 derivative, whereas DCTB afforded only 70%. Finally, α-CNPV-CH3 was tested and compared with DCTB, as ET-MALDI matrix for petroporphyrins, conjugated polymers, gold nanoparticles, and fullerene derivatives analysis, outperforming in most cases the standard matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S Ramírez-Pradilla
- Escuela de Química , Universidad Industrial de Santander , Bucaramanga 680003 , Santander , Colombia
| | - Cristian Blanco-Tirado
- Escuela de Química , Universidad Industrial de Santander , Bucaramanga 680003 , Santander , Colombia
| | - Marianny Y Combariza
- Escuela de Química , Universidad Industrial de Santander , Bucaramanga 680003 , Santander , Colombia
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