1
|
Wang D, Ding J, Dai X, Xiang L, Ye D, He Z, Zhang F, Jung SH, Lee JK, Di CA, Zhu D. Triggering ZT to 0.40 by Engineering Orientation in One Polymeric Semiconductor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208215. [PMID: 36305596 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Breaking the thermoelectric (TE) trade-off relationship is an important task for maximizing the TE performance of polymeric semiconductors. Existing efforts have focused on designing high-mobility semiconductors and achieving ordered molecular doping, ignoring the critical role of the molecular orientation during TE conversion. Herein, the achievement of ZT to 0.40 is reported by fine-tuning the molecular orientation of one diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based polymer (DPP-BTz). Films with bimodal molecular orientation yield superior doping efficiency by increasing the lamellar spacing and achieve increased splitting between the Fermi energy and the transport energy to enhance the thermopower. These factors contribute to the simultaneous improvement in the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity in an unexpected manner. Importantly, the bimodal film exhibits a maximum power factor of up to 346 µW m-1 K-2 , >400% higher than that of unimodal films. These results demonstrate the great potential of molecular orientation engineering in polymeric semiconductors for developing state-of-the-art organic TE (OTE) materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiamin Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojuan Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lanyi Xiang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dekai Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zihan He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Seok-Heon Jung
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyun Lee
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, South Korea
| | - Chong-An Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kafle P, Huang S, Park KS, Zhang F, Yu H, Kasprzak CE, Kim H, Schroeder CM, van der Zande AM, Diao Y. Role of Interfacial Interactions in the Graphene-Directed Assembly of Monolayer Conjugated Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6984-6995. [PMID: 35613042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Development of graphene-organic hybrid electronics is one of the most promising directions for next-generation electronic materials. However, it remains challenging to understand the graphene-organic semiconductor interactions right at the interface, which is key to designing hybrid electronics. Herein, we study the influence of graphene on the multiscale morphology of solution-processed monolayers of conjugated polymers (PII-2T, DPP-BTz, DPP2T-TT, and DPP-T-TMS). The strong interaction between graphene and PII-2T was manifested in the high fiber density and high film coverage of monolayer films deposited on graphene compared to plasma SiO2 substrates. The monolayer films on graphene also exhibited a higher relative degree of crystallinity and dichroic ratio or polymer alignment, i.e., higher degree of order. Raman spectroscopy revealed the increased backbone planarity of the conjugated polymers upon deposition on graphene as well as the existence of electronic interaction across the interface. This speculation was further substantiated by the results of photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS) of PII-2T, which showed a decrease in binding energy of several atomic energy levels, movement of the Fermi level toward HOMO, and an increase in work function, all of which indicate p-doping of the polymer. Our results provide a new level of understanding on graphene-polymer interactions at nanoscopic interfaces and the consequent impact on multiscale morphology, which will aid in the design of efficient graphene-organic hybrid electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prapti Kafle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kyung Sun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Caroline E Kasprzak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hyunchul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Charles M Schroeder
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Arend M van der Zande
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang S, Li H, Zhao K, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Yu X, Tian H, Han Y. Increasing the Charge Transport of P(NDI2OD-T2) by Improving the Polarization of the NDI2OD Unit along the Backbone Direction and Preaggregation via H-Bonding. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sichun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang F, Mohammadi E, Qu G, Dai X, Diao Y. Orientation-Dependent Host-Dopant Interactions for Manipulating Charge Transport in Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002823. [PMID: 32812292 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular orientation plays a critical role in controlling carrier transport in organic semiconductors (OSCs). However, this aspect has not been explored for surface doping of OSC thin films. The challenge lies in lack of methods to precisely modulate relative molecular orientation between the dopant and the OSC host. Here, the impact of molecular orientation on dopant-host electronic interactions by large modulation of conjugated polymer orientation via solution coating is reported. Combining synchrotron-radiation X-ray measurements with spectroscopic and electrical characterizations, a quantitative correlation between doping-enhanced charge carrier mobility and the Herman's orientation parameter is presented. This direct correlation can be attributed to enhanced charge-transfer interactions at host/dopant interface with increasing face-on orientation of the polymer. These results demonstrate that the surface doping effect can be fundamentally manipulated by controlling the molecular orientation of the OSC layer, enabling optimization of carrier transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Erfan Mohammadi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ge Qu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Dai
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee SJ, Cho KG, Jung SH, Kim S, Lee JK, Lee KH. High-Mobility Low-Hysteresis Electrolyte-Gated Transistors with a DPP-Benzotriazole Copolymer Semiconductor. Macromol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
6
|
Park SK, Sun H, Chung H, Patel BB, Zhang F, Davies DW, Woods TJ, Zhao K, Diao Y. Super‐ and Ferroelastic Organic Semiconductors for Ultraflexible Single‐Crystal Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kyu Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Hyunjoong Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Bijal B. Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Daniel W. Davies
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Toby J. Woods
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Kejie Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Park SK, Sun H, Chung H, Patel BB, Zhang F, Davies DW, Woods TJ, Zhao K, Diao Y. Super‐ and Ferroelastic Organic Semiconductors for Ultraflexible Single‐Crystal Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13004-13012. [PMID: 32342626 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kyu Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Hyunjoong Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Bijal B. Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Daniel W. Davies
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Toby J. Woods
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Kejie Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mohammadi E, Kafle P, Huang KY, Zhu W, Huang J, Jung SH, Lee JK, Evans CM, Diao Y. Role of Multivalent Interactions in Dynamic-Template-Directed Assembly of Conjugated Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:2753-2762. [PMID: 31858776 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic-template-directed assembly is a promising method to enhance molecular ordering and electronic properties of solution-coated polymer semiconductor thin films over a large area. In this work, we establish that multicomponent dynamic templates of complementary chemistries can promote polymer crystallization through cooperative multivalent interactions. We investigate this phenomenon using a combination of templating substrates including a fluoropolymer, a hydrogen-bonded liquid, and an ionic liquid (IL). Template-dependent multiscale morphology is studied by a comprehensive set of characterization techniques to understand how introducing diverse chemical moieties modulates polymer assembly. Our results clearly confirm synergistic effects between components of complementary chemistries constituting the dynamic template. The relative degree of crystallinity is improved by 50-150% for films deposited on multicomponent dynamic templates compared to their neat constituents. In addition, macroscopic alignment is increased significantly (2-5 times) compared to single-component templates. As a result, highly anisotropic charge transport is observed with apparent hole mobilities up to 3.6 cm2 V-1 s-1. In contrast, such a synergistic effect is not observed when using a multicomponent dynamic template of comparable chemistries (i.e., IL and polymerized IL). We elucidate the origin of this synergistic effect by using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry. When the dynamic template comprises two or more components interacting with complementary binding sites on the conjugated polymer (CP) (esp. backbone vs side chain), the template-polymer interactions is significantly enhanced compared to the sum of single component contributions. These results provide valuable insights into surface-directed CP crystallization during large-area solution coating. Template dynamics is rarely studied and represents a new opportunity for guiding assembly of soft functional matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Seok-Heon Jung
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering , Inha University , Incheon 402-751 , South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyun Lee
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering , Inha University , Incheon 402-751 , South Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|