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Zhu H, Luo Z, Zhang L, Shen Q, Yang R, Cheng W, Zhang Y, Jiang M, Guo C, Fu B, Song C, Tao P, An S, Shang W, Deng T. Manipulation of Convection Using Infrared Light Emitted from Human Hands. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307020. [PMID: 38239054 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Control of convection plays an important role in heat transfer regulation, bio/chemical sensing, phase separation, etc. Current convection controlling systems generally depend on engineered energy sources to drive and manipulate the convection, which brings additional energy consumption into the system. Here the use of human hand as a natural and sustainable infrared (IR) radiation source for the manipulation of liquid convection is demonstrated. The fluid can sense the change of the relative position or the shape of the hand with the formation of different convection patterns. Besides the generation of static complex patterns, dynamic manipulation of convections can also be realized via moving of hand or finger. The use of such sustainable convections to control the movement of a floating "boat" is further achieved. The use of human hands as the natural energy sources provides a promising approach for the manipulation of liquid convection without the need of extra external energy, which may be further utilized for low-cost and intelligent bio/chemical sensing and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanrui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lifu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Qingchen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Runheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Weizheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yingyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Modi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chunzhi Guo
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Benwei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Peng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shun An
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wen Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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Zhao Y, Yuan M, Yang H, Li J, Ying Y, Li J, Wang W, Wang S. Versatile Multi-Wavelength Light-Responsive Metal-Organic Frameworks Micromotor through Porphyrin Metalation for Water Sterilization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305189. [PMID: 37667455 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Traditional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based micro/nanomotors (MOFtors) can achieve three-dimensional (3D) motion mainly depending on noble metal (e.g., Pt), toxic fuels (e.g., hydrogen peroxide), and surfactants, or under external magnetic fields. In this study, light-driven MOFtors are constructed based on PCN-224(H) and regulated their photothermal and photochemical properties responding to the light of different wavelengths through porphyrin metalation. The resulting PCN-224(Fe) MOFtors presented a strong 3D motion at a maximum speed of 1234.9 ± 367.5 µm s-1 under visible light due to the various gradient fields by the photothermal and photochemical effects. Such MOFtors exhibit excellent water sterilization performance. Under optimal conditions, the PCN-224(Cu) MOFtors presented the best antibacterial performance of 99.4%, which improved by 23.4% compared to its static counterpart and 43.7% compared to static PCN-224(H). The underlying mechanism demonstrates that metal doping could increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and result in a more positive surface charge under light, which are short-distance effective sterilizing ingredients. Furthermore, the motion of MOFtors appears very important to extend the short-distance effective sterilization and thus synergistically improve the antibacterial performance. This work provides a new idea for preparing and developing light-driven MOFtors with multi-responsive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Mengge Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Haowei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Intelligent Network Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Ying
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Weihao Wang
- Intelligent Network Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
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Huang H, Zhao Y, Yang H, Li J, Ying Y, Li J, Wang S. Light-driven MOF-based micromotors with self-floating characteristics for water sterilization. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:14165-14174. [PMID: 37593810 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02299d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional motion (especially in the Z-axis direction) of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-based micromotors (MOFtors) is essential but still in its infancy. Herein, we propose a simple strategy for designing light-driven MOFtors that move in the Z-axis direction and efficiently kill Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The as-prepared polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPy NPs) with excellent photothermal properties are combined with ZIF-8 through a simple in situ encapsulation method, resulting in multi-wavelength photothermally-responsive MOFtors (PPy/ZIF-8). Under the irradiation of near-infrared (NIR)/ultraviolet (UV)/blue light, the MOFtors all exhibited negative phototaxis and high-speed motion behaviour with the highest speed of 2215 ± 338 μm s-1. In addition, it is proved that these MOFtors can slowly self-float up in an aqueous environment. The light irradiation will accelerate the upward movement of the MOFtors, and the time required for the MOFtors to move to the top is negatively correlated with the light intensity. Finally, efficient antibacterial performances (up to 98.89% against S. aureus) are achieved with these light-driven MOFtors owing to the boosted Zn2+ release by vigorous stirring motion and physical entrapment by the upward motion under light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Haowei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Jie Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Yulong Ying
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Shao J, Cao S, Che H, De Martino MT, Wu H, Abdelmohsen LKEA, van Hest JCM. Twin-Engine Janus Supramolecular Nanomotors with Counterbalanced Motion. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11246-11252. [PMID: 35700477 PMCID: PMC9247982 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular nanomotors were created with two types of propelling forces that were able to counterbalance each other. The particles were based on bowl-shaped polymer vesicles, or stomatocytes, assembled from the amphiphilic block copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polystyrene. The first method of propulsion was installed by loading the nanocavity of the stomatocytes with the enzyme catalase, which enabled the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, leading to a chemically induced motion. The second method of propulsion was attained by applying a hemispherical gold coating on the stomatocytes, on the opposite side of the opening, making the particles susceptible to near-infrared laser light. By exposing these Janus-type twin engine nanomotors to both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and near-infrared light, two competing driving forces were synchronously generated, resulting in a counterbalanced, "seesaw effect" motion. By precisely manipulating the incident laser power and concentration of H2O2, the supramolecular nanomotors could be halted in a standby mode. Furthermore, the fact that these Janus stomatocytes were equipped with opposing motile forces also provided a proof of the direction of motion of the enzyme-activated stomatocytes. Finally, the modulation of the "seesaw effect", by tuning the net outcome of the two coexisting driving forces, was used to attain switchable control of the motile behavior of the twin-engine nanomotors. Supramolecular nanomotors that can be steered by two orthogonal propulsion mechanisms hold considerable potential for being used in complex tasks, including active transportation and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Shao
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Shoupeng Cao
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hailong Che
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Teresa De Martino
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hanglong Wu
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Loai K E A Abdelmohsen
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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5
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Zhang J, Song J, Mou F, Guan J, Sen A. Titania-Based Micro/Nanomotors: Design Principles, Biomimetic Collective Behavior, and Applications. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Tansi BM, Manna RK, Shklyaev OE, Peris ML, Balazs AC, Sen A. Achieving Independent Control over Surface and Bulk Fluid Flows in Microchambers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6870-6878. [PMID: 33525863 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To fully realize the potential of microfluidic platforms as useful diagnostic tools, the devices must be sufficiently portable that they function at the point-of-care, as well as remote and resource-poor locations. Using both modeling and experiments, here we develop a standalone fluidic device that is driven by light and operates without the need for external electrical or mechanical pumps. The light initiates a photochemical reaction in the solution; the release of chemical energy from the reaction is transduced into the spontaneous motion of the surrounding fluid. The generated flow is driven by two simultaneously occurring mechanisms: solutal buoyancy that controls the motion of the bulk fluid and diffusioosmosis that regulates motion near the bottom of the chamber. Consequently, the bulk and surface fluid flows can be directed independently of one another. We demonstrate that this exceptional degree of spatiotemporal control provides a new method for autonomously transporting different-sized particles in opposite directions within the chamber. Thus, one device can be used to both separate the particles and drive them to different locations for further processing or analysis. This property is particularly useful for analyzing fluids that contain multiple contaminants or disease agents. Because this system relies on intrinsic hydrodynamic interactions initiated by a portable, small-scale source of light, the device provides the desired level of mobility vital for the next generation of functional fluidic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Tansi
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Raj Kumar Manna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Oleg E Shklyaev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Matthew L Peris
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Anna C Balazs
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Ayusman Sen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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7
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Hu Y, Liu W, Sun Y. Multiwavelength Phototactic Micromotor with Controllable Swarming Motion for "Chemistry-on-the-Fly". ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41495-41505. [PMID: 32825803 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Artificial nano/micromotors that represent the next-generation automotive microdevices hold considerable promise in various potential applications. However, it is a great challenge to design light-powered micro/nanomotors with effective propulsion that can fulfill diverse tasks. Herein, a multilight-responsive micromotor is fabricated by in situ precipitation of photothermal Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) onto different microparticles. The composites exhibit phototactic swarming movement by irradiation at 320-550 nm, which can be reversibly and remotely manipulated by irradiation position, "on/off" switch, and light intensity. The micromotor made of Fe3O4@poly(glycidyl methacrylate)/polystyrene (Fe3O4@PGS) core-shell particles presents a propulsion speed as high as 270 μm/s under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Using an array of experimental methods and numerical simulations, thermal convection mechanism is proposed for the propulsion. Namely, under light irradiation, the photogenerated heat on Fe3O4 NPs decreases the density of the irradiated spot, leading to the swarming motion of the composite particles propelled by a "hydrodynamic drag" toward the light spot. Then, Fe3O4@PGS is exploited as a platform for performing "chemistry-on-the-fly" using both the catalytic efficiency of Fe3O4 NPs and an immobilized enzyme (lipase). It is found that the propulsion increases the catalytic efficiency of Fe3O4 NPs for rhodamine B degradation by over 10 times under sunlight. Moreover, it is proved to accelerate the enzymatic reactions of lipase on Fe3O4@PGS in both aqueous and organic systems by more than 50%. Such a multiwavelength phototactic swimmer paves the way to the design of advanced micromotors for various applications, such as drug delivery, microsurgery, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Kauffman JE, Laskar A, Shklyaev OE, Balazs AC, Sen A. Light-Induced Dynamic Control of Particle Motion in Fluid-Filled Microchannels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10022-10032. [PMID: 32787023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The design of remotely programmable microfluidic systems with controlled fluid flow and particle transport is a significant challenge. Herein, we describe a system that harnesses the intrinsic thermal response of a fluid to spontaneously pump solutions and regulate the transport of immersed microparticles. Irradiating a silver-coated channel with ultraviolet (UV) light generates local convective vortexes, which, in addition to the externally imposed flow, can be used to guide particles along specific trajectories or to arrest their motion. The method provides the distinct advantage that the flow and the associated convective patterns can be dynamically altered by relocating the source of UV light. Moreover, the flow can be initiated and terminated "on-demand" by turning the light on or off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Kauffman
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Abhrajit Laskar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Oleg E Shklyaev
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Anna C Balazs
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Ayusman Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Liang W, Liu L, Wang J, Yang X, Wang Y, Li WJ, Yang W. A Review on Optoelectrokinetics-Based Manipulation and Fabrication of Micro/Nanomaterials. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11010078. [PMID: 31936694 PMCID: PMC7019850 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optoelectrokinetics (OEK), a fusion of optics, electrokinetics, and microfluidics, has been demonstrated to offer a series of extraordinary advantages in the manipulation and fabrication of micro/nanomaterials, such as requiring no mask, programmability, flexibility, and rapidness. In this paper, we summarize a variety of differently structured OEK chips, followed by a discussion on how they are fabricated and the ways in which they work. We also review how three differently sized polystyrene beads can be separated simultaneously, how a variety of nanoparticles can be assembled, and how micro/nanomaterials can be fabricated into functional devices. Another focus of our paper is on mask-free fabrication and assembly of hydrogel-based micro/nanostructures and its possible applications in biological fields. We provide a summary of the current challenges facing the OEK technique and its future prospects at the end of this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China; (W.L.); (J.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
- CAS-CityU Joint Laboratory on Robotics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (W.J.L.); Tel.: +86-24-2397-0181 (L.L.); +852-3442-9266 (W.J.L.)
| | - Junhai Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China; (W.L.); (J.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xieliu Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China; (W.L.); (J.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yuechao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
- CAS-CityU Joint Laboratory on Robotics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wen Jung Li
- CAS-CityU Joint Laboratory on Robotics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (W.J.L.); Tel.: +86-24-2397-0181 (L.L.); +852-3442-9266 (W.J.L.)
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
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