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Tohgha UN, Ly JT, Lee KM, Marsh ZM, Watson AM, Grusenmeyer TA, Godman NP, McConney ME. Switchable Optical Properties of Dyes and Nanoparticles in Electrowetting Devices. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:142. [PMID: 38251107 PMCID: PMC10821281 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The optical properties of light-absorbing materials in optical shutter devices are critical to the use of such platforms for optical applications. We demonstrate switchable optical properties of dyes and nanoparticles in liquid-based electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) devices. Our work uses narrow-band-absorbing dyes and nanoparticles, which are appealing for spectral-filtering applications targeting specific wavelengths while maintaining device transparency at other wavelengths. Low-voltage actuation of boron dipyromethene (BODIPY) dyes and nanoparticles (Ag and CdSe) was demonstrated without degradation of the light-absorbing materials. Three BODIPY dyes were used, namely Abs 503 nm, 535 nm and 560 nm for dye 1 (BODIPY-core), 2 (I2BODIPY) and 3 (BODIPY-TMS), respectively. Reversible and low-voltage (≤20 V) switching of dye optical properties was observed as a function of device pixel dimensions (300 × 900, 200 × 600 and 150 × 450 µm). Low-voltage and reversible switching was also demonstrated for plasmonic and semiconductor nanoparticles, such as CdSe nanotetrapods (abs 508 nm), CdSe nanoplatelets (Abs 461 and 432 nm) and Ag nanoparticles (Abs 430 nm). Nanoparticle-based devices showed minimal hysteresis as well as faster relaxation times. The study presented can thus be extended to a variety of nanomaterials and dyes having the desired optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urice N. Tohgha
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA; (U.N.T.); (K.M.L.); (Z.M.M.); (T.A.G.); (N.P.G.)
- Azimuth Corporation, Fairborn, OH 45431, USA
| | | | - Kyung Min Lee
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA; (U.N.T.); (K.M.L.); (Z.M.M.); (T.A.G.); (N.P.G.)
- Azimuth Corporation, Fairborn, OH 45431, USA
| | - Zachary M. Marsh
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA; (U.N.T.); (K.M.L.); (Z.M.M.); (T.A.G.); (N.P.G.)
| | - Alexander M. Watson
- Department of Engineering Management, School of Engineering, Systems, and Technology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | - Tod A. Grusenmeyer
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA; (U.N.T.); (K.M.L.); (Z.M.M.); (T.A.G.); (N.P.G.)
| | - Nicholas P. Godman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA; (U.N.T.); (K.M.L.); (Z.M.M.); (T.A.G.); (N.P.G.)
| | - Michael E. McConney
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA; (U.N.T.); (K.M.L.); (Z.M.M.); (T.A.G.); (N.P.G.)
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Tohgha UN, Watson AM, Godman NP. Low voltage electrowetting of non-aqueous fluorescent quantum dot nanofluids. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Elashnikov R, Ulbrich P, Vokatá B, Pavlíčková VS, Švorčík V, Lyutakov O, Rimpelová S. Physically Switchable Antimicrobial Surfaces and Coatings: General Concept and Recent Achievements. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3083. [PMID: 34835852 PMCID: PMC8619822 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial environmental colonization and subsequent biofilm formation on surfaces represents a significant and alarming problem in various fields, ranging from contamination of medical devices up to safe food packaging. Therefore, the development of surfaces resistant to bacterial colonization is a challenging and actively solved task. In this field, the current promising direction is the design and creation of nanostructured smart surfaces with on-demand activated amicrobial protection. Various surface activation methods have been described recently. In this review article, we focused on the "physical" activation of nanostructured surfaces. In the first part of the review, we briefly describe the basic principles and common approaches of external stimulus application and surface activation, including the temperature-, light-, electric- or magnetic-field-based surface triggering, as well as mechanically induced surface antimicrobial protection. In the latter part, the recent achievements in the field of smart antimicrobial surfaces with physical activation are discussed, with special attention on multiresponsive or multifunctional physically activated coatings. In particular, we mainly discussed the multistimuli surface triggering, which ensures a better degree of surface properties control, as well as simultaneous utilization of several strategies for surface protection, based on a principally different mechanism of antimicrobial action. We also mentioned several recent trends, including the development of the to-detect and to-kill hybrid approach, which ensures the surface activation in a right place at a right time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Elashnikov
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.E.); (V.Š.)
| | - Pavel Ulbrich
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.U.); (B.V.); (V.S.P.)
| | - Barbora Vokatá
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.U.); (B.V.); (V.S.P.)
| | - Vladimíra Svobodová Pavlíčková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.U.); (B.V.); (V.S.P.)
| | - Václav Švorčík
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.E.); (V.Š.)
| | - Oleksiy Lyutakov
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.E.); (V.Š.)
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.U.); (B.V.); (V.S.P.)
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Tohgha UN, Watson AM, Godman NP. Tuning the electrowetting behavior of quantum dot nanofluids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 584:395-402. [PMID: 33080501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The electrowetting behavior of droplets can be altered by the inclusion of salts, surfactants, or nanoparticles. We propose that varying the properties of cadmium selenide/zinc sulfide quantum dots will affect the electrowetting behavior of fluorescent nanofluids. Information gathered will allow for greater control of fluid properties when designing a colloidal system in an electrowetting environment. EXPERIMENTS Aqueous-based quantum dots were functionalized with mercaptocarboxylic acid ligands of various chain length and binding motifs by a room temperature phase transfer method. The size and concentration of the quantum dot were varied, and droplets of the resulting nanofluids were exposed to increasing amounts of voltage. The change in contact angle was evaluated and correlated to the surface chemistry, size, and concentration of the quantum dots. FINDINGS Quantum dot nanofluids with longer alkyl chains have the most pronounced change in contact angle and were the most stable under applied voltage. The size of the nanoparticles does not significantly impact the electrowetting behavior at low concentration (3 µM), but nanofluids containing smaller diameter quantum dots show enhanced electrowetting behavior at higher concentration (27 µM). The fluorescent properties of the QD nanofluids studied were not affected after repeated electrowetting cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urice N Tohgha
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, United States; Azimuth Corporation, Fairborn, OH 45424, United States
| | - Alexander M Watson
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, United States; UES Inc., Beavercreek, OH, 45432 United States
| | - Nicholas P Godman
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, United States.
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Wang M, Zhou L, Hou Y, He W, Liu W, Wu F, Hou X. Dynamic and reversible electrowetting with low voltage on the dimethicone infused carbon nanotube array in air. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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