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Albani G, Schio L, Goto F, Calloni A, Orbelli Biroli A, Bossi A, Melone F, Achilli S, Fratesi G, Zucchetti C, Floreano L, Bussetti G. Ordered assembly of non-planar vanadyl-tetraphenylporphyrins on ultra-thin iron oxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17077-17087. [PMID: 35792072 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05914a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stabilizing ordered assemblies of molecules represents the first step towards the construction of molecular devices featuring hybrid (organic-inorganic) interfaces where molecules can be easily functionalized in view of specific applications. Molecular layers of planar metal-tetraphenylporphyrins (MTPP) grown on an ultrathin iron oxide [namely Fe(001)-p(1 × 1)O] show indeed a high degree of structural order. The generality of such a picture is tested by exploiting non-planar porphyrins, such as vanadyl-TPP (VOTPP). These molecules feature a VO2+ ion in their center, with the O atom protruding out of the plane of the porphyrin ring. In this work, by employing diffraction, photoemission and X-ray absorption, we prove that non-planar VOTPP can nevertheless form a square and ordered superstructure, where porphyrin molecules lie flat with respect to the underlying substrate. Ab initio density functional theory simulations are used to elucidate the VO bond orientation with respect to the iron substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Albani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Luca Schio
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali - CNR-IOM, Laboratorio TASC, s.s. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Goto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Alberto Calloni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Alberto Bossi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "G. Natta" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-SCITEC), PST via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Melone
- ETSF and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Achilli
- ETSF and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Guido Fratesi
- ETSF and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Zucchetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Luca Floreano
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali - CNR-IOM, Laboratorio TASC, s.s. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianlorenzo Bussetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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Hu Q, Rezaee E, Xu W, Ramachandran R, Chen Q, Xu H, El-Assaad T, McGrath DV, Xu ZX. Dual Defect-Passivation Using Phthalocyanine for Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005216. [PMID: 33289962 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting molecules have been employed to passivate traps extant in the perovskite film for enhancement of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) efficiency and stability. A molecular design strategy to passivate the defects both on the surface and interior of the CH3 NH3 PbI3 perovskite layer, using two phthalocyanine (Pc) molecules (NP-SC6 -ZnPc and NP-SC6 -TiOPc) is demonstrated. The presence of lone electron pairs on S, N, and O atoms of the Pc molecular structures provides the opportunity for Lewis acid-base interactions with under-coordinated Pb2+ sites, leading to efficient defect passivation of the perovskite layer. The tendency of both NP-SC6 -ZnPc and NP-SC6 -TiOPc to relax on the PbI2 terminated surface of the perovskite layer is also studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The morphology of the perovskite layer is improved due to employing the Pc passivation strategy, resulting in high-quality thin films with a dense and compact structure and lower surface roughness. Using NP-SC6 -ZnPc and NP-SC6 -TiOPc as passivating agents, it is observed considerably enhanced power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), from 17.67% for the PSCs based on the pristine perovskite film to 19.39% for NP-SC6 -TiOPc passivated devices. Moreover, PSCs fabricated based on the Pc passivation method present a remarkable stability under conditions of high moisture and temperature levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qikun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Ehsan Rezaee
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Wangping Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Rajendran Ramachandran
- SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Hu Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Tarek El-Assaad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Dominic V McGrath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Zong-Xiang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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Li M, Hu Q, Shan H, Yu W, Xu ZX. Fabrication of copper phthalocyanine/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for efficient photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128250. [PMID: 33297195 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) and non-peripheral octamethyl-substituted copper(II) phthalocyanine (N-CuMe2Pc) were combined with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) via a precipitation method to form CuPc/rGO and N-CuMe2Pc/rGO nanocomposites, respectively. CuPc nanorods are distributed on rGO, and N-CuMe2Pc exists as nanorods and nanoparticles on rGO. The Cr(VI) removal ratio of N-CuMe2Pc/rGO exposed in simulated sunlight is 99.0% with a fast photocatalytic reaction rate of 0.0320 min-1, which is approximately 1.5 times faster than that of CuPc/rGO (0.0215 min-1) and far surpasses that of pristine phthalocyanine and rGO. As an electron acceptor, rGO can suppress the recombination of photo-induced electron-hole pairs and also can provide a large surface area for Cr(VI) removal, both of which are beneficial to the reducing capacity of the nanocomposites. The higher removal efficiency of N-CuMe2Pc/rGO compared with that of CuPc/rGO is attributed to the higher specific surface area, higher light harvesting, higher conductivity and more negative lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of N-CuMe2Pc/rGO. The N-CuMe2Pc/rGO nanocomposite shows excellent photochemical recyclability which is essential for application in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Qikun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Haiquan Shan
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Wenjian Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Zong-Xiang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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Dalkılıç Z, Lee CB, Choi H, Nar I, Yavuz NK, Burat AK. Tetra and octa substituted Zn(II) and Cu(II) phthalocyanines: Synthesis, characterization and investigation as hole-transporting materials for inverted type-perovskite solar cells. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li M, Hu Q, Shan H, Chen Q, Wang X, Pan JH, Xu ZX. In situ synthesis of N–CoMe2Pc/rGO nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability in Cr(VI) reduction. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:154702. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0005720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minzhang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Qikun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Haiquan Shan
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jia Hong Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zong-Xiang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
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