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Liu Y, Xu M, Long H, Vasiliev RB, Li S, Meng H, Chang S. Alternating current electroluminescence devices: recent advances and functional applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39034868 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00309h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Wearable smart devices and visualisation sensors based on alternating current electroluminescence (ACEL) have received considerable attention in recent years. Due to the unique properties of ACEL devices, such as high mechanical strength, adaptability to complex environments, and no need for energy level matching, ACEL is suitable for multifunctional applications and visualisation sensing platforms. This review comprehensively outlines the latest developments in ACEL devices, starting with an analysis of the mechanism, classification, and optimisation strategies of ACEL. It introduces the functional applications of ACEL in multicolour displays, high-durability displays, stretchable and wearable displays, and autonomous function displays. Particularly, it emphasises the research progress of ACEL in sensory displays under interactive conditions such as liquid sensing, environmental factor sensing, kinetic energy sensing, and biosensing. Finally, it forecasts the challenges and new opportunities faced by future functional and interactive ACEL devices in fields such as artificial intelligence, smart robotics, and human-computer interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Liu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Faculty of Materials Science, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518115, China.
- Platform for Applied Nanophotonics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Technology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518115, China
| | - Meili Xu
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Hui Long
- Faculty of Materials Science, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518115, China.
- Department of Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Roman B Vasiliev
- Department of Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Shukui Li
- Faculty of Materials Science, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518115, China.
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Shuai Chang
- Faculty of Materials Science, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518115, China.
- Platform for Applied Nanophotonics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Technology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518115, China
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Zhang H, Lin Y, Qiao C, Wang L, Cai C, He H, Tian X. Construction of the Au Nanoparticle/Graphene Oxide/Au Nanotube (AuNP/GO/AuNT) Sandwich Membrane for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6806-6815. [PMID: 38487868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Au nanotube-based composite membrane served as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate with an ultralarge aspect ratio possesses an excellent flexibility and widely tunable surface plasmon resonance, and by introducing graphene oxide (GO) as a spacer layer, the SERS enhancement of the composite membrane is obviously better than those from the individual blocks of the Au nanotubes (AuNTS) membrane and the Au nanoparticle/graphene oxide (AuNP/GO) membrane. Such a "sandwich" (AuNP/GO/AuNT) structured membrane has a high SERS sensitivity and a wide tunability by controlling the size of Au nanoparticles and the thickness of graphene oxide, and the detection limits of the AuNP/GO/AuNT substrate for R6G and NBA are as low as 10-12 and 10-7 M, respectively; the large enhancement is attributed to the adsorption and chemical mechanism of graphene oxide and the physical mechanism of the Au nanoparticles and nanotubes (the electromagnetic field coupling between them).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibao Zhang
- Institute of Solid Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yongxing Lin
- Institute of Solid Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chunhong Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Solid Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Cheng Cai
- Institute of Solid Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hui He
- Institute of Solid Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- College of Physics Science and Technology & Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Xingyou Tian
- Institute of Solid Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Wang S, Tian H, Wang Y, Zuo H, Tao C, Liu J, Li P, Yang Y, Kou X, Wang J, Kang W. Ruptured liquid metal microcapsules enabling hybridized silver nanowire networks towards high-performance deformable transparent conductors. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38477150 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Extensive studies have been carried out on silver nanowires (AgNWs) in view of their impressive conductivity and highly flexible one-dimensional structure. They are seen as a promising choice for producing deformable transparent conductors. Nonetheless, the widespread adoption of AgNW-based transparent conductors is hindered by critical challenges represented by the significant contact resistance at the nanowire junctions and inadequate interfacial adhesion between the nanowires and the substrate. This study presents a novel solution to tackle the aforementioned challenges by capitalizing on liquid metal microcapsules (LMMs). Upon exposure to acid vapor, the encapsulated LMMs rupture, releasing the fluid LM which then forms a metallic overlay and hybridizes with the underlying Ag network. As a result, a transparent conductive film with greatly enhanced electrical and mechanical properties was obtained. The transparent conductor displays negligible resistance variation even after undergoing chemical stability, adhesion, and bending tests, and ultrasonic treatment. This indicates its outstanding adhesion strength to the substrate and mechanical flexibility. The exceptional electrical properties and robust mechanical stability of the transparent conductor position it as an ideal choice for direct integration into flexible touch panels and wearable strain sensors, as evidenced in this study. By resolving the critical challenges in this field, the proposed strategy establishes a compelling roadmap to navigate the development of high-performance AgNW-based transparent conductors, setting a solid foundation for further advancement in the field of deformable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Huaisen Tian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yawen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Haojie Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Chengliang Tao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jiawei Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Pengyuan Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Xu Kou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Wenbin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
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Chang S, Koo JH, Yoo J, Kim MS, Choi MK, Kim DH, Song YM. Flexible and Stretchable Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodetectors for Human-Centric Optoelectronics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:768-859. [PMID: 38241488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices with unconventional form factors, such as flexible and stretchable light-emitting or photoresponsive devices, are core elements for the next-generation human-centric optoelectronics. For instance, these deformable devices can be utilized as closely fitted wearable sensors to acquire precise biosignals that are subsequently uploaded to the cloud for immediate examination and diagnosis, and also can be used for vision systems for human-interactive robotics. Their inception was propelled by breakthroughs in novel optoelectronic material technologies and device blueprinting methodologies, endowing flexibility and mechanical resilience to conventional rigid optoelectronic devices. This paper reviews the advancements in such soft optoelectronic device technologies, honing in on various materials, manufacturing techniques, and device design strategies. We will first highlight the general approaches for flexible and stretchable device fabrication, including the appropriate material selection for the substrate, electrodes, and insulation layers. We will then focus on the materials for flexible and stretchable light-emitting diodes, their device integration strategies, and representative application examples. Next, we will move on to the materials for flexible and stretchable photodetectors, highlighting the state-of-the-art materials and device fabrication methods, followed by their representative application examples. At the end, a brief summary will be given, and the potential challenges for further development of functional devices will be discussed as a conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehui Chang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Semiconductor and System IC, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SNU, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, SNU, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Graduate School, GIST, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Chen L, Khan A, Dai S, Bermak A, Li W. Metallic Micro-Nano Network-Based Soft Transparent Electrodes: Materials, Processes, and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302858. [PMID: 37890452 PMCID: PMC10724424 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Soft transparent electrodes (TEs) have received tremendous interest from academia and industry due to the rapid development of lightweight, transparent soft electronics. Metallic micro-nano networks (MMNNs) are a class of promising soft TEs that exhibit excellent optical and electrical properties, including low sheet resistance and high optical transmittance, as well as superior mechanical properties such as softness, robustness, and desirable stability. They are genuinely interesting alternatives to conventional conductive metal oxides, which are expensive to fabricate and have limited flexibility on soft surfaces. This review summarizes state-of-the-art research developments in MMNN-based soft TEs in terms of performance specifications, fabrication methods, and application areas. The review describes the implementation of MMNN-based soft TEs in optoelectronics, bioelectronics, tactile sensors, energy storage devices, and other applications. Finally, it presents a perspective on the technical difficulties and potential future possibilities for MMNN-based TE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Chen
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong00000China
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong00000China
- Division of Information and Computing TechnologyCollege of Science and EngineeringHamad Bin Khalifa UniversityDoha34110Qatar
| | - Shuqin Dai
- Department School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Amine Bermak
- Division of Information and Computing TechnologyCollege of Science and EngineeringHamad Bin Khalifa UniversityDoha34110Qatar
| | - Wen‐Di Li
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong00000China
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Xu X, Xue P, Gao M, Li Y, Xu Z, Wei Y, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Wang L, Liu H, Cheng B. Assembled one-dimensional nanowires for flexible electronic devices via printing and coating: Techniques, applications, and perspectives. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 321:102987. [PMID: 37852138 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The rapid progress in flexible electronic devices has necessitated continual research into nanomaterials, structural design, and fabrication processes. One-dimensional nanowires, characterized by their distinct structures and exceptional properties, are considered essential components for various flexible electronic devices. Considerable attention has been directed toward the assembly of nanowires, which presents significant advantages. Printing and coating techniques can be used to assemble nanowires in a relatively simple, efficient, and cost-competitive manner and exhibit potential for scale-up production in the foreseeable future. This review aims to provide an overview of nanowire assembly using printing and coating techniques, such as bar coating, spray coating, dip coating, blade coating, 3D printing, and so forth. The application of assembled nanowires in flexible electronic devices is subsequently discussed. Finally, further discussion is presented on the potential and challenges of flexible electronic devices based on assembled nanowires via printing and coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Pan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, PR China
| | - Meng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Zijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Zhengjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
| | - Hongbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Bowen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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Zhao S, Zheng J, Fang L, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Xia Y, Jiang Y. Ultra-robust, Highly Stretchable, and Conductive Nanocomposites with Self-healable Asymmetric Structures Prepared by a Simple Green Method. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37433744 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Flexible conductive polymer nanocomposites based on silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been extensively studied to develop the next generation of flexible electronic devices. Fiber materials with high strength and large stretching are an important part of high-performance wearable electronics. However, manufacturing conductive composites with both high mechanical strength and good stability remains challenging. In addition, the process of effectively dispersing conductive fillers into substrates is relatively complex, which greatly hampers its widespread application. Here, a simple green self-assembly preparation method in water is reported. The AgNW is evenly dispersed in aqueous, i.e., water-borne polyurethane (WPU) with water as the solvent, and a AgNW/WPU conductive nanocomposite film with an asymmetric structure is formed by self-assembly in one step. The film has high strength (≈49.2 MPa) and high strain (≈910%), low initial resistance (99.9 mΩ/sq), high conductivity (9968.1 S/cm), and excellent self-healing (93%) and adhesion. With good self-healing performance, fibers with a conductive filler spiral structure are formed. At the same time, the application of the conductive composite material with an asymmetric structure in intelligent wearability is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Liu Fang
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Yanzhi Xia
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Yijun Jiang
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
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Yu Y, He K, Xu H, Xiao Z, Chen L, Xu S, Bai G. Flexible multi-color electroluminescent devices with a high transmission conducting hydrogel and an organic dielectric. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:9196-9202. [PMID: 37157894 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01177a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electroluminescent devices have sparked widespread interest due to their tremendous applications in bioinspired electronics, smart wearables, and human-machine interfaces. In these applications, it is important to reduce the operating electrical frequency and realize color modulation. Herein, flexible electroluminescent devices have been fabricated with phosphor layers by a solution method. Using polyvinylidene difluoride as a dielectric layer and ionic hydrogels as electrodes, the devices can be effectively driven even when the operating frequency is 0.1 kHz. More importantly, the devices can exhibit multi-color emission, including blue, green, red and white. The results show that the developed devices are promising for flexible optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Optoelectronic Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Kun He
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Optoelectronic Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Zhen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Optoelectronic Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Optoelectronic Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Shiqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Optoelectronic Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Gongxun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Optoelectronic Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Wang J, Wang K, Xiao F. A simple and efficient transfer method for fabricating stretchable AgNW patterns on PDMS using carboxylated cellulose nanofibers as a sacrificial layer. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:9031-9039. [PMID: 37144821 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01029e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks are one of the most promising materials of transparent electrodes in flexible applications. However, they still face challenges in fabricating AgNW transparent conductive films (TCFs) with excellent comprehensive performance on stretchable substrates. In this work, we developed an efficient and simple water-assisted method to completely transfer AgNW films from glass to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (CNF-C) are introduced between the AgNW network and glass as a sacrificial layer, which is dissolved in water in the transfer process, releasing the AgNW network on the PDMS. The transferred AgNW networks show an increase of sheet resistance less than 30% and a slight decrease of transmittance. The stretchable AgNW TCFs exhibited good opto-electrical performance with a figure of merit of about 200, low surface roughness, good film uniformity, long-term stability, electrical stability and mechanical performance. Two patterning approaches based on the transfer method were proposed and fine stretchable AgNW patterns with a linewidth of 200 μm were fabricated. The fabricated stretchable AgNW patterns were used in flexible wires, a film heater and sensors as a demonstration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kaiqing Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
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Kim D, Hong N, Hong W, Lee J, Bissannagari M, Cho Y, Kwon HJ, Jang JE, Kang H. Inkjet-Printed Polyelectrolyte Seed Layer-Based, Customizable, Transparent, Ultrathin Gold Electrodes and Facile Implementation of Photothermal Effect. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20508-20519. [PMID: 37039810 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently, interest in transparent electrodes has been increasing in biomedical engineering applications for such as electro-optical hybrid neuro-technologies. However, conventional photolithography-based electrode fabrication methods have limited design customization and large-area applicability. For biomedical engineering applications, it is crucial that we can easily customize the electrode design for different patients over a large body area. In this paper, we propose a novel method to fabricate customization-friendly, transparent, ultrathin, gold microelectrodes using inkjet printing technology. Unlike with typical direct printing of conductive inks, we inkjet-printed a polymer nucleation-inducing seed layer, followed by mask-less vacuum deposition of ultrathin gold (<6 nm) to produce selectively, high-transparency electrodes in the predefined shapes of the inkjet-printed polymer. Owing to the design flexibility of inkjet printing, the transparent ultrathin gold electrodes can be highly efficient in design customization over a large area. Simultaneously, a layer of nonconductive gold islands is formed in the nonprinted region, and this nanostructured layer can implement a photothermal effect that offers versatility for novel biomedical applications. As a demonstration of the effectiveness of these transparent electrodes, and the facile implementation of the photothermal effect for biomedical applications, we successfully fabricated transparent resistive temperature detectors. We used these to directly sense the photothermal effect and to demonstrate their bioimaging capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duhee Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Hong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Information and Communication Engineering Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Woongki Hong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Murali Bissannagari
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Information and Communication Engineering Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjae Cho
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jun Kwon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Eun Jang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongki Kang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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Jeong H, Lee JH, Song JY, Ghani F, Lee D. Continuous Patterning of Silver Nanowire-Polyvinylpyrrolidone Composite Transparent Conductive Film by a Roll-to-Roll Selective Calendering Process. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:32. [PMID: 36615941 PMCID: PMC9823613 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The roll-to-roll (R2R) continuous patterning of silver nanowire-polyvinylpyrrolidone (Ag NW-PVP) composite transparent conductive film (cTCF) is demonstrated in this work by means of slot-die coating followed by selective calendering. The Ag NWs were synthesized by the polyol method, and adequately washed to leave an appropriate amount of PVP to act as a capping agent and dispersant. The as-coated Ag NW-PVP composite film had low electronic conductivity due to the lack of percolation path, which was greatly improved by the calendering process. Moreover, the dispersion of Ag NWs was analyzed with addition of PVP in terms of density and molecular weight. The excellent dispersion led to uniform distribution of Ag NWs in a cTCF. The continuous patterning was conducted using an embossed pattern roll to perform selective calendering. To evaluate the capability of the calendering process, various line widths and spacing patterns were investigated. The minimum pattern dimensions achievable were determined to be a line width of 0.1 mm and a line spacing of 1 mm. Finally, continuous patterning using selective calendering was applied to the fabrication of a flexible heater and a resistive touch sensing panel as flexible electronic devices to demonstrate its versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakyung Jeong
- Department of Ultra-Precision Machines and Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Design and Production Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hak Lee
- Department of Ultra-Precision Machines and Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeob Song
- Department of Ultra-Precision Machines and Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Faizan Ghani
- Department of Mechanical Design and Production Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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12
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Zhao Y, Wang B, Tan J, Yin H, Huang R, Zhu J, Lin S, Zhou Y, Jelinek D, Sun Z, Youssef K, Voisin L, Horrillo A, Zhang K, Wu BM, Coller HA, Lu DC, Pei Q, Emaminejad S. Soft strain-insensitive bioelectronics featuring brittle materials. Science 2022; 378:1222-1227. [PMID: 36520906 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn5142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Advancing electronics to interact with tissue necessitates meeting material constraints in electrochemical, electrical, and mechanical domains simultaneously. Clinical bioelectrodes with established electrochemical functionalities are rigid and mechanically mismatched with tissue. Whereas conductive materials with tissue-like softness and stretchability are demonstrated, when applied to electrochemically probe tissue, their performance is distorted by strain and corrosion. We devise a layered architectural composite design that couples strain-induced cracked films with a strain-isolated out-of-plane conductive pathway and in-plane nanowire networks to eliminate strain effects on device electrochemical performance. Accordingly, we developed a library of stretchable, highly conductive, and strain-insensitive bioelectrodes featuring clinically established brittle interfacial materials (iridium-oxide, gold, platinum, and carbon). We paired these bioelectrodes with different electrochemical probing methods (amperometry, voltammetry, and potentiometry) and demonstrated strain-insensitive sensing of multiple biomarkers and in vivo neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zhao
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (I²BL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiawei Tan
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hexing Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruyi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Neuromotor Recovery and Rehabilitation Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jialun Zhu
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shuyu Lin
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Neuromotor Recovery and Rehabilitation Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Jelinek
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhengyang Sun
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kareem Youssef
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurent Voisin
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Abraham Horrillo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kaiji Zhang
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hilary A Coller
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel C Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Neuromotor Recovery and Rehabilitation Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qibing Pei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sam Emaminejad
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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He K, Yu Y, Cai M, Xu H, Chen L, Xu S, Bai G. Blue and white light modulation of a flexible electroluminescent device based on phosphors. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:5770-5772. [PMID: 37219099 DOI: 10.1364/ol.474783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Flexibility, certain mechanical strength, and color modulation are significant elements for flexible optoelectronic devices. However, it is laborious to fabricate a flexible electroluminescent device with balanceable flexibility and color modulation. Here, we mix a conductive nonopaque hydrogel and phosphors to fabricate a flexible alternating current electroluminescence (ACEL) device with color modulation ability. This device realizes flexible strain based on polydimethylsiloxane and carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol ionic conductive hydrogel. The color modulation ability is achieved by varying the voltage frequency applied on the electroluminescent phosphors. The color modulation could realize blue and white light modulation. Our electroluminescent device exhibits great potential in artificial flexible optoelectronics.
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14
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Chen Y, Liang T, Chen L, Chen Y, Yang BR, Luo Y, Liu GS. Self-assembly, alignment, and patterning of metal nanowires. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1299-1339. [PMID: 36193823 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Armed with the merits of one-dimensional nanostructures (flexibility, high aspect ratio, and anisotropy) and metals (high conductivity, plasmonic properties, and catalytic activity), metal nanowires (MNWs) have stood out as a new class of nanomaterials in the last two decades. They are envisaged to expedite significantly and even revolutionize a broad spectrum of applications related to display, sensing, energy, plasmonics, photonics, and catalysis. Compared with disordered MNWs, well-organized MNWs would not only enhance the intrinsic physical and chemical properties, but also create new functions and sophisticated architectures of optoelectronic devices. This paper presents a comprehensive review of assembly strategies of MNWs, including self-assembly for specific structures, alignment for anisotropic constructions, and patterning for precise configurations. The technical processes, underlying mechanisms, performance indicators, and representative applications of these strategies are described and discussed to inspire further innovation in assembly techniques and guide the fabrication of optoelectrical devices. Finally, a perspective on the critical challenges and future opportunities of MNW assembly is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Tianwei Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory of Visible Light Communications of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yaofei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory of Visible Light Communications of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bo-Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunhan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory of Visible Light Communications of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gui-Shi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory of Visible Light Communications of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China
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15
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Ma P, Wang S, Wang J, Wang Y, Dong Y, Li S, Su H, Chen P, Feng X, Li Y, Du W, Liu BF. Rapid Assembly of Cellulose Microfibers into Translucent and Flexible Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices via Wettability Patterning. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13332-13341. [PMID: 36121740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) are emerging as powerful analytical platforms in clinical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental protection because of their low cost and favorable substrate properties for biosensing. However, the existing top-down fabrication methods of paper-based chips suffer from low resolution (>200 μm). Additionally, papers have limitations in their physical properties (e.g., thickness, transmittance, and mechanical flexibility). Here, we demonstrate a bottom-up approach for the rapid fabrication of heterogeneously controlled paper-based chip arrays. We simply print a wax-patterned microchip with wettability contrasts, enabling automatic and selective assembly of cellulose microfibers to construct predefined paper-based microchip arrays with controllable thickness. This paper-based microchip printing technology is feasible for various substrate materials ranging from inorganic glass to organic polymers, providing a versatile platform for the full range of applications including transparent devices and flexible health monitoring. Our bottom-up printing technology using cellulose microfibers as the starting material provides a lateral resolution down to 42 ± 3 μm and achieves the narrowest channel barrier down to 33 ± 2 μm. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, a flexible paper-based glucose monitor is built for human health care, requiring only 0.3 μL of sample for testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ma
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yue Dong
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huiying Su
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.,School of Biological Engineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui 232038, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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16
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Yang Y, Duan S, Zhao H. Advances in constructing silver nanowire-based conductive pathways for flexible and stretchable electronics. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11484-11511. [PMID: 35912705 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02475f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With their soaring technological demand, flexible and stretchable electronics have attracted many researchers' attention for a variety of applications. The challenge which was identified a decade ago and still remains, however, is that the conventional electrodes based on indium tin oxide (ITO) are not suitable for ultra-flexible electronic devices. The main reason is that ITO is brittle and expensive, limiting device performance and application. Thus, it is crucial to develop new materials and processes to construct flexible and stretchable electrodes with superior quality for next-generation soft devices. Herein, various types of conductive nanomaterials as candidates for flexible and stretchable electrodes are briefly reviewed. Among them, silver nanowire (AgNW) is selected as the focus of this review, on account of its excellent conductivity, superior flexibility, high technological maturity, and significant presence in the research community. To fabricate a reliable AgNW-based conductive network for electrodes, different processing technologies are introduced, and the corresponding characteristics are compared and discussed. Furthermore, this review summarizes strategies and the latest progress in enhancing the conductive pathway. Finally, we showcase some exemplary applications and provide some perspectives about the remaining technical challenges for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Yang
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
| | - Shun Duan
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
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17
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Yin H, Zhu Y, Youssef K, Yu Z, Pei Q. Structures and Materials in Stretchable Electroluminescent Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106184. [PMID: 34647640 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electroluminescent (EL) devices are obtained by partitioning a large emission area into areas specifically for stretching and light-emission (island-bridge structure). Buckled and textile structures are also shown effective to combine the conventional light emitting diode fabrication with elastic substrates for structure-enabled stretchable EL devices. Meanwhile, intrinsically stretchable EL devices which are characterized with uniform stretchability down to microscopic scale are relatively less developed but promise simpler device structure and higher impact resistance. The challenges in fabricating intrinsically stretchable EL devices with high and robust performance are in many facets, including stretchable conductors, emissive materials, and compatible processes. For the stretchable transparent electrode, ionically conductive gel, conductive polymer coating, and conductor network in surface of elastomer are all proven useful. The stretchable EL materials are currently limited to conjugated polymers, conjugated polymers with surfactants and ionic conductors added to boost stretchability, and phosphor particles embedded in elastomer matrices. These emissive materials operate under different mechanisms, require different electrode materials and fabrication processes, and the corresponding EL devices face distinctive challenges. This review aims to provide a basic understanding of the materials meeting both the mechanical and electronic requirements and important techniques to fabricate the stretchable EL devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexing Yin
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA
| | - Kareem Youssef
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA
| | - Zhibin Yu
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Qibing Pei
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA
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18
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Tran P, Tran NH, Lee JH. Highly stretchable electroluminescent device based on copper nanowires electrode. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8967. [PMID: 35624312 PMCID: PMC9142487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although stretchable electroluminescent (EL) devices have been the research hotspots for decades because of their enormous market value in lighting sources and displays, fabrication of the stretchable EL device through a simple, cost-effective, and scalable method still remains an open issue. Here, a novel all solution-processed method is developed to fabricate a high-performance alternative current electroluminescent (ACEL) device based on copper nanowires (Cu NWs). The Cu NW-based electrode exhibited a low resistance change of less than 10% after 1000 stretching cycles at a tensile strain of 30% and the resistance variation of the electrode in one stretching-releasing cycle was less than 1% at the 1000th. To substantiate suitability for the wearable application, the ACEL device was stretched at a tensile strain of 100% and it retained a luminance of 97.6 cd/m2. Furthermore, the device works well under different deformations such as bending, folding, rolling, and twisting. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of Cu NWs applied in a stretchable ACEL, promising cost-effective electrode materials for various wearable electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Tran
- Division of Electronics Engineering, Future Semiconductor Convergence Technology Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Korea
| | - Nguyen-Hung Tran
- Division of Electronics Engineering, Future Semiconductor Convergence Technology Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Korea.
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- Division of Electronics Engineering, Future Semiconductor Convergence Technology Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Korea.
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19
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Yin W, Huang Y, Lu M, Li D. A Cu nanoparticles‐assisted‐catalysis method enables controllably direct growth of graphene transparent conductive films on SiO2 nanospheres antireflection layer. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Yin
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Yue Huang
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Meng Lu
- East China Normal University School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Dezeng Li
- East China Normal University Department of Chemistry Room 425, Chemistry Building, No. 500 Dongchuan Road 200241 Shanghai CHINA
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20
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Tringides CM, Mooney DJ. Materials for Implantable Surface Electrode Arrays: Current Status and Future Directions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107207. [PMID: 34716730 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface electrode arrays are mainly fabricated from rigid or elastic materials, and precisely manipulated ductile metal films, which offer limited stretchability. However, the living tissues to which they are applied are nonlinear viscoelastic materials, which can undergo significant mechanical deformation in dynamic biological environments. Further, the same arrays and compositions are often repurposed for vastly different tissues rather than optimizing the materials and mechanical properties of the implant for the target application. By first characterizing the desired biological environment, and then designing a technology for a particular organ, surface electrode arrays may be more conformable, and offer better interfaces to tissues while causing less damage. Here, the various materials used in each component of a surface electrode array are first reviewed, and then electrically active implants in three specific biological systems, the nervous system, the muscular system, and skin, are described. Finally, the fabrication of next-generation surface arrays that overcome current limitations is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Tringides
- Harvard Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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21
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Nguyen VH, Papanastasiou DT, Resende J, Bardet L, Sannicolo T, Jiménez C, Muñoz-Rojas D, Nguyen ND, Bellet D. Advances in Flexible Metallic Transparent Electrodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106006. [PMID: 35195360 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electrodes (TEs) are pivotal components in many modern devices such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, touch screens, wearable electronic devices, smart windows, and transparent heaters. Recently, the high demand for flexibility and low cost in TEs requires a new class of transparent conductive materials (TCMs), serving as substitutes for the conventional indium tin oxide (ITO). So far, ITO has been the most used TCM despite its brittleness and high cost. Among the different emerging alternative materials to ITO, metallic nanomaterials have received much interest due to their remarkable optical-electrical properties, low cost, ease of manufacturing, flexibility, and widespread applicability. These involve metal grids, thin oxide/metal/oxide multilayers, metal nanowire percolating networks, or nanocomposites based on metallic nanostructures. In this review, a comparison between TCMs based on metallic nanomaterials and other TCM technologies is discussed. Next, the different types of metal-based TCMs developed so far and the fabrication technologies used are presented. Then, the challenges that these TCMs face toward integration in functional devices are discussed. Finally, the various fields in which metal-based TCMs have been successfully applied, as well as emerging and potential applications, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Huong Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam
| | | | - Joao Resende
- AlmaScience Colab, Madan Parque, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Bardet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - Thomas Sannicolo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Carmen Jiménez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - Ngoc Duy Nguyen
- Département de Physique, CESAM/Q-MAT, SPIN, Université de Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Daniel Bellet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
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22
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Kim H, Kwon G, Park C, You J, Park W. Anti-Counterfeiting Tags Using Flexible Substrate with Gradient Micropatterning of Silver Nanowires. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020168. [PMID: 35208293 PMCID: PMC8878480 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Anti-counterfeiting technologies for small products are being developed. We present an anti-counterfeiting tag, a grayscale pattern of silver nanowires (AgNWs) on a flexible substrate. The anti-counterfeiting tag that is observable with a thermal imaging camera was fabricated using the characteristics of silver nanowires with high visible light transmittance and high infrared emissivity. AgNWs were patterned at microscale via a maskless lithography method using UV dicing tape with UV patterns. By attaching and detaching an AgNW coated glass slide and UV dicing tape irradiated with multiple levels of UV, we obtained AgNW patterns with four or more grayscales. Peel tests confirmed that the adhesive strength of the UV dicing tape varied according to the amount of UV irradiation, and electrical resistance and IR image intensity measurements confirmed that the pattern obtained using this tape has multi-level AgNW concentrations. When applied for anti-counterfeiting, the gradient-concentration AgNW micropattern could contain more information than a single-concentration micropattern. In addition, the gradient AgNW micropattern could be transferred to a flexible polymer substrate using a simple method and then attached to various surfaces for use as an anti-counterfeiting tag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeli Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Korea;
- Institute for Wearable Convergence Electronics, Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Korea
| | - Goomin Kwon
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Korea;
| | - Cheolheon Park
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Jungmok You
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (W.P.)
| | - Wook Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Korea;
- Institute for Wearable Convergence Electronics, Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (W.P.)
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23
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Chang WS, Chang TS, Wang CM, Liao WS. Metal-Free Transparent Three-Dimensional Flexible Electronics by Selective Molecular Bridges. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22826-22837. [PMID: 35006679 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and transparent electronics is a new generation of device enabling modern interactive designs, which facilitates the recent development of low-cost, lightweight, and flexible materials. Although conventional indium tin oxide material still dominates the major market, its brittleness and steadily increasing price drive scientists to search for other alternatives. To meet the high demand, numerous metallic or organic conductive materials have been developed, but their poor adhesion toward supporting substrates and the subsequent circuit patterning approach remains problematic. In this study, a robust metal-free flexible conductive film fabrication strategy is introduced. The flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film is utilized as the base, where a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) conductive layer is tightly linked onto this supporting substrate. An interface activation process, i.e., oxygen plasma treatment, generates PET surface active spots to react with the subsequently introduced poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) molecule functional groups. This spatially selective PVA molecular bridge therefore acts as a dual-function intermediate layer through covalent bonding toward PET and hydrogen bonding toward PEDOT:PSS to conjugate two distinct materials. This PEDOT:PSS/PVA/PET film delivers superior physical properties, such as a high conductivity of 38.2 Ω/sq and great optical transmittance of 84.1%, which are well tunable under conductive polymer thickness controls. The film is also durable and can maintain original electrical properties even under serious bending for hundreds of cycles. Relying on these outstanding performances, arbitrary conductive circuits are built on this flexible substrate and can function as normal electronics when integrated with multiple electronic parts, e.g., light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Superior electrical signal outputs are achieved when complicated stereo structures including folding, splicing, interlacing, and braiding are incorporated, enabling the use of these films for flexible three-dimensional electronics assembling. Space identifying smart key and lock pair, origami rabbit-carrot touch response, pressure-stimulated jumping frog, and moving dinosaur recognition designs realize these PEDOT:PSS/PVA/PET film-based human-machine interactive devices. This flexible, transparent, and conductive film generation approach by molecular bridge creation should facilitate future development of flexible or foldable devices with complex circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shuo Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sheng Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ssu Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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24
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Huang Q, Zhu Y. Patterning of Metal Nanowire Networks: Methods and Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60736-60762. [PMID: 34919389 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the advance in flexible and stretchable electronics, one-dimensional nanomaterials such as metal nanowires have drawn much attention in the past 10 years or so. Metal nanowires, especially silver nanowires, have been recognized as promising candidate materials for flexible and stretchable electronics. Owing to their high electrical conductivity and high aspect ratio, metal nanowires can form electrical percolation networks, maintaining high electrical conductivity under deformation (e.g., bending and stretching). Apart from coating metal nanowires for making large-area transparent conductive films, many applications require patterned metal nanowires as electrodes and interconnects. Precise patterning of metal nanowire networks is crucial to achieve high device performances. Therefore, a high-resolution, designable, and scalable patterning of metal nanowire networks is important but remains a critical challenge for fabricating high-performance electronic devices. This review summarizes recent advances in patterning of metal nanowire networks, using subtractive methods, additive methods of nanowire dispersions, and printing methods. Representative device applications of the patterned metal nanowire networks are presented. Finally, challenges and important directions in the area of the patterning of metal nanowire networks for device applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijin Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
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25
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Nie B, Wang C, Li X, Tian H, Chen X, Liu G, Qiu Y, Shao J. High-Performance Transparent and Conductive Films with Fully Enclosed Metal Mesh. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:40806-40816. [PMID: 34406763 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal mesh films as a kind of transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) have shown high promise in various optoelectronic devices but are still challenged by a combination of high conductivity and transparency, mechanical robustness, and uniform electric field. Herein, we demonstrate a new concept of transparent and conductive films with a fully enclosed metal mesh, which is embedded in deep microcavities and is coated with a conductive polymer layer to combine these metrics. To ensure high conductivity and transparency, metal ink is filled into the fine (down to submicrometers) and deep mesh microcavities by electrowetting-assisted blading with low square resistances of 0.4 and 2.69 Ω sq-1 at typical transmittances of 76.9 and 87.4%, respectively. The covered thin conductive polymer layer improves the electric field uniformity of metal mesh films by at least three orders of magnitude. The fully enclosed metal mesh films exhibit excellent mechanical flexibility, indicated by the fact that the resistance is almost unchanged after 10,000 bending cycles at a bending radius of ∼5 mm. Based on the fully enclosed metal mesh films, the emission intensity of alternating current electroluminescent devices is improved by more than three times compared with that in the case of solely using common metal mesh films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangbang Nie
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xiangming Li
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Hongmiao Tian
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Guifang Liu
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yangfan Qiu
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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26
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Ge S, Cai Z, Zhang H, He L, Wang P, Zhang L, Fang Y. The smart growth of self-assembled silver nanoloops. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:465604. [PMID: 34320483 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac18a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enclosed silver nanoloops have unique features in manipulating and controlling light. However, even the conception of their growth mechanism has not been established. The intermediate structure at the growth stage were revealed as the crucial issue for studying their smart growth mechanism of silver nanoloops and nanowires. Early growth stage showed that silver nanorods and nanoparticles were grown in their respective polyvinylpyrrolidone micelles. Then, the silver nanorods and nanoparticles were assembled in a rod-particle-rod pattern via micelle-micelle coupling, forming linear silver nanowires. These silver nanowires were attracted by Van der Waals forces forming the initial nanoloop. Notably, there was a silver nanoparticle between the ends of two adjacent nanowires. This silver nanoparticle acted like solder and played a crucial role in connecting the two adjacent nanowires; consequently, a silver nanoloop was formed. This finding also suggested that similar smart growth patterns might exist for other one-dimensional and looped nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaipeng Ge
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixue Cai
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling He
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijie Wang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Fang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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27
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Glier TE, Betker M, Grimm-Lebsanft B, Scheitz S, Matsuyama T, Akinsinde LO, Rübhausen M. Conductance-strain behavior in silver-nanowire composites: network properties of a tunable strain sensor. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:365701. [PMID: 34032218 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac04a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Highly flexible and conductive nano-composite materials are promising candidates for stretchable and flexible electronics. We report on the strain-resistance relation of a silver-nanowire photopolymer composite during repetitive stretching. Resistance measurements reveal a gradual change of the hysteretic resistance curves towards a linear and non-hysteretic behavior. Furthermore, a decrease in resistance and an increase in electrical sensitivity to strain over the first five stretching cycles can be observed. Sensitivity gauge factors between 10 and 500 at 23% strain were found depending on the nanowire concentration and stretching cycle. We model the electrical behavior of the investigated silver nanowire composites upon repetitive stretching considering the strain induced changes in the local force distribution within the polymer matrix and the tunnel resistance between the nanowires by using a Monte Carlo method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomke E Glier
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie Betker
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Grimm-Lebsanft
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Scheitz
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Toru Matsuyama
- Max-Planck-Institut für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lewis O Akinsinde
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rübhausen
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperphysik, Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761, Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Dinh Xuan H, Timothy B, Park HY, Lam TN, Kim D, Go Y, Kim J, Lee Y, Ahn SI, Jin SH, Yoon J. Super Stretchable and Durable Electroluminescent Devices Based on Double-Network Ionogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008849. [PMID: 33984167 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ionogels are good candidates for flexible electronics owing to their excellent mechanical and electrical properties, including stretchability, high conductivity, and stability. In this study, conducting ionogels comprising a double network (DN) of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N,N'-diethylacrylamide)/chitosan which are further reinforced by the ionic and covalent crosslinking of the chitosan network by tripolyphosphate and glutaraldehyde, respectively, are prepared. Based on their excellent mechanical properties and high conductivity, the developed DN ionogels are envisioned as stretchable ionic conductors for extremely stretchable alternating-current electroluminescent (ACEL) devices. The ACEL device fabricated with the developed ionogel exhibits stable working operation under an ultrahigh elongation of over 1200% as well as severe mechanical deformations such as bending, rolling, and twisting. Furthermore, the developed ACEL devices also display stable luminescence over 1000 stretch/release cycles or at temperatures as harsh as 200 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep Dinh Xuan
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Bernard Timothy
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yeol Park
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuyet Nhi Lam
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dowan Kim
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjeong Go
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongyoun Kim
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, DGIST, 333, Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngu Lee
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, DGIST, 333, Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Il Ahn
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Jin
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhwan Yoon
- Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
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29
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Lo LW, Zhao J, Wan H, Wang Y, Chakrabartty S, Wang C. An Inkjet-Printed PEDOT:PSS-Based Stretchable Conductor for Wearable Health Monitoring Device Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:21693-21702. [PMID: 33926183 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A stretchable conductor is one of the key components in soft electronics that allows the seamless integration of electronic devices and sensors on elastic substrates. Its unique advantages of mechanical flexibility and stretchability have enabled a variety of wearable bioelectronic devices that can conformably adapt to curved skin surfaces for long-term health monitoring applications. Here, we report a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)-based stretchable polymer blend that can be patterned using an inkjet printing process while exhibiting low sheet resistance and accommodating large mechanical deformations. We have systematically studied the effect of various types of polar solvent additives that can help induce phase separation of PEDOT and PSS grains and change the conformation of a PEDOT chain, thereby improving the electrical property of the film by facilitating charge hopping along the percolating PEDOT network. The optimal ink formulation is achieved by adding 5 wt % ethylene glycol into a pristine PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution, which results in a sheet resistance of as low as 58 Ω/□. Elasticity can also be achieved by blending the above solution with the soft polymer poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). Thin films of PEDOT:PSS/PEO polymer blends patterned by inkjet printing exhibits a low sheet resistance of 84 Ω/□ and can resist up to 50% tensile strain with minimal changes in electrical performance. With its good conductivity and elasticity, we have further demonstrated the use of the polymer blend as stretchable interconnects and stretchable dry electrodes on a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate for photoplethysmography (PPG) and electrocardiography (ECG) recording applications. This work shows the potential of using a printed stretchable conducting polymer in low-cost wearable sensor patches for smart health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Lo
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Junyi Zhao
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Haochuan Wan
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Shantanu Chakrabartty
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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30
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Ahmad R, Laschuk NO, Ebralidze II, Zenkina OV, Easton EB. Probing the Influence of Counter Electrode Structure on Electrochromic‐Device Operating Potentials and Performance Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ahmad
- Electrochemical Materials Lab Faculty of Science Ontario Tech University (University of Ontario Institute of Technology) 2000 Simcoe Street North L1G 0C5 Oshawa Ontario Canada
| | - Nadia O. Laschuk
- Electrochemical Materials Lab Faculty of Science Ontario Tech University (University of Ontario Institute of Technology) 2000 Simcoe Street North L1G 0C5 Oshawa Ontario Canada
| | - Iraklii I. Ebralidze
- Electrochemical Materials Lab Faculty of Science Ontario Tech University (University of Ontario Institute of Technology) 2000 Simcoe Street North L1G 0C5 Oshawa Ontario Canada
| | - Olena V. Zenkina
- Electrochemical Materials Lab Faculty of Science Ontario Tech University (University of Ontario Institute of Technology) 2000 Simcoe Street North L1G 0C5 Oshawa Ontario Canada
| | - E. Bradley Easton
- Electrochemical Materials Lab Faculty of Science Ontario Tech University (University of Ontario Institute of Technology) 2000 Simcoe Street North L1G 0C5 Oshawa Ontario Canada
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31
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Kumar A, Shaikh MO, Chuang CH. Silver Nanowire Synthesis and Strategies for Fabricating Transparent Conducting Electrodes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:693. [PMID: 33802059 PMCID: PMC8000035 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One-dimensional metal nanowires, with novel functionalities like electrical conductivity, optical transparency and high mechanical stiffness, have attracted widespread interest for use in applications such as transparent electrodes in optoelectronic devices and active components in nanoelectronics and nanophotonics. In particular, silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been widely researched owing to the superlative thermal and electrical conductivity of bulk silver. Herein, we present a detailed review of the synthesis of AgNWs and their utilization in fabricating improved transparent conducting electrodes (TCE). We discuss a range of AgNW synthesis protocols, including template assisted and wet chemical techniques, and their ability to control the morphology of the synthesized nanowires. Furthermore, the use of scalable and cost-effective solution deposition methods to fabricate AgNW based TCE, along with the numerous treatments used for enhancing their optoelectronic properties, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Muhammad Omar Shaikh
- Sustainability Science and Engineering Program, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Chuang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
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32
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Influence of Modified Epoxy Resins on Peroxide Curing, Mechanical Properties and Adhesion of SBR, NBR and XNBR to Silver Wires. Part I: Application of Monoperoxy Derivative of Epoxy Resin (PO). MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051320. [PMID: 33803446 PMCID: PMC7967192 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The research was aimed at checking the effect of monoperoxy derivative of epoxy resin (PO) on the possibility of rubber crosslinking and a subsequent adhesion of the modified rubber to silver wires. Three of the commonly industrially used rubbers were selected for the study: styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) and carboxylated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (XNBR), together with the popular, commercially available Epidian 6 epoxy resin, subjected to the functionalization. An improvement in the adhesion of rubbers to silver wires was observed when using the modified resin. In some cases, an improvement in the mechanical properties of the rubber was observed, especially when the resin was used for crosslinking together with dicumyl peroxide (DCP). Crosslinking synergy between dicumyl peroxide and the modified resin could be observed especially in the case of PO applied for peroxide curing of SBR and NBR.
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33
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Li D, Wang L, Ji W, Wang H, Yue X, Sun Q, Li L, Zhang C, Liu J, Lu G, Yu HD, Huang W. Embedding Silver Nanowires into a Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Film for Flexible Electrochromic Devices with High Electromechanical Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1735-1742. [PMID: 33356085 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conductive films (TCFs) based on silver nanowires (AgNWs) are becoming one of the best candidates in realizing flexible optoelectronic devices. The AgNW-based TCF is usually prepared by coating AgNWs on a transparent polymer film; however, the coated AgNWs easily detach from the polymer underneath because of the weak adhesion between them. Herein, a network of AgNWs is embedded in the transparent hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose film, which has a strong adhesion with the AgNWs. The obtained TCF shows high optical transmittance (>85%), low roughness (rms = 4.8 ± 0.5 nm), and low haze (<0.2%). More importantly, owing to the embedding structure and strong adhesion, this TCF also shows excellent electromechanical stability, which is superior to the reported ones. Employing this TCF in a flexible electrochromic device, the obtained device exhibits excellent cyclic electromechanical stability and high coloring efficiency. Our work demonstrates a promising TCF with superior electromechanical stability for future applications in flexible optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Wenhui Ji
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Hongchen Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Yue
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Qizeng Sun
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Gang Lu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Hai-Dong Yu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, PR China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, PR China
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Tang Y, Yin W, Huang Y, Zhang G, Zhao Q, Li D. All solution-processed silver nanowires composite silica nanospheres antireflection structure with synergetic optoelectronic performance. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02518j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The silver nanowires/SNSs AR composite TCFs have demonstrated the synergetic effect on optoelectronic performance via a facile solution method, reaching sheet resistance of 49.43 Ω sq−1 dropped by 8.66% and transmittance of 99.84% increased by 6.94%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Tang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Wanying Yin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yue Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Ganghua Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials Application and Evaluation, Shanghai Research Institute of Materials, Shanghai 200437, P. R. China
| | - Qingbiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Department of Electronic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Dezeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
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35
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Sun Y, Du C, Wu M, Zhao L, Yu S, Gong B, Ding Q. Synchronously improved reliability, figure of merit and adhesion of flexible copper nanowire networks by chitosan transition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:375303. [PMID: 32454475 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab967b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanowires (CuNWs) are remarkable components that can replace indium tin oxide as transparent electrodes due to their low cost, high conductivity and acceptable transmittance. However, a common coating method can cause poor electrical, optical and adhesive properties because of the creation of loosely connected junctions. In addition, the unsatisfactory thermal and environmental stabilities limit the practical applications. These problems should be overcome in CuNW-based films for reliable transparent electrodes through material and engineering approaches. In this work, a novel transparent composite electrode composed of chitosan and CuNWs on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, with synchronously strengthened adhesion, as well as heightened transmittance, reduced resistivity, improved flexibility, enhanced thermal stability and increased environmental stability, was prepared without vacuum processing and high-temperature annealing. The effects of the number of CuNW network layers and chitosan concentration on the performance of chitosan/CuNW composite transparent electrodes were studied. The resulting electrodes exhibitan excellent conductivity (sheet resistance: 15.6 Ω sq-1) and a superior optical transmittance (∼87%) at 550 nm. Calculation of the figure of merit displays a high value of 168, which is the highest among all the reported CuNW-based transparent electrodes. Meanwhile, the sheet resistance did not show great change after 10 tape tests and 10 000 bending cycles, suggesting good adhesion to the PET substrate and outstanding mechanical flexibility. Moreover, the composite transparent electrodes show good stability to resist long-term storage and temperature variation in thermal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Sun
- Department of Mechanics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Dynamics and Control, Tianjin University, Road Yaguan 135, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
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36
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Yang Z, Wang W, Bi L, Chen L, Wang G, Chen G, Ye C, Pan J. Wearable electronics for heating and sensing based on a multifunctional PET/silver nanowire/PDMS yarn. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:16562-16569. [PMID: 32749436 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04023a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable and flexible electronics built from multifunctional fibres are essential for devices in human-machine interactions, human motion monitoring and personal healthcare. However, the combination of stable heating and precision sensing in a single conducting yarn has yet to be achieved. Herein, a yarn comprising poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), silver nanowires (AgNWs), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was designed and prepared. The PET/AgNW/PDMS yarn exhibited high electrical conductivity at ≈3 Ω cm-1 and a large tolerance to tensile strain up to 100% its own length. Only a negligible loss of electromechanical performance was observed after 1700 strain cycles. And an excellent response to applied strain was also achieved across a huge stretching range. The PET/AgNW/PDMS yarn displayed excellent heating performance and outstanding breathability when used in a heating fabric, and excellent sensitivity for monitoring both gross and fine movements in humans when used as a sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Wenwen Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Lili Bi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Liangjun Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Guixin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Guinan Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Cui Ye
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Jun Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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37
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Um DS, Lee Y, Kim T, Lim S, Lee H, Ha M, Khan Z, Kang S, Kim MP, Kim JY, Ko H. High-Resolution Filtration Patterning of Silver Nanowire Electrodes for Flexible and Transparent Optoelectronic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32154-32162. [PMID: 32551519 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes attract significant attention in flexible and transparent optoelectronic devices; however, high-resolution patterning of AgNW electrodes remains a considerable challenge. In this study, we have introduced a simple technique for high-resolution solution patterning of AgNW networks, based on simple filtration of AgNW solution on a patterned polyimide shadow mask. This solution process allows the smallest pattern size of AgNW electrodes, down to a width of 3.5 μm. In addition, we have demonstrated the potential of these patterned AgNW electrodes for applications in flexible optoelectronic devices, such as photodetectors. Specifically, for flexible and semitransparent UV photodetectors, AgNW electrodes are embedded in sputtered ZnO films to enhance the photocurrent by light scattering and trapping, which resulted in a significantly enhanced photocurrent (up to 800%) compared to devices based on AgNW electrodes mounted on top of ZnO films. In addition, our photodetector could be operated well under extremely bent conditions (bending radius of approximately 770 μm) and provide excellent durability even after 500 bending cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo-Seung Um
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsu Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyo Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongdong Lim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hochan Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Ha
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ziyauddin Khan
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Saewon Kang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo P Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhyub Ko
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
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Lee JH, Kim H, Hwang JY, Chung J, Jang TM, Seo DG, Gao Y, Lee J, Park H, Lee S, Moon HC, Cheng H, Lee SH, Hwang SW. 3D Printed, Customizable, and Multifunctional Smart Electronic Eyeglasses for Wearable Healthcare Systems and Human-Machine Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21424-21432. [PMID: 32319751 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Personal accessories such as glasses and watches that we usually carry in our daily life can yield useful information from the human body, yet most of them are limited to exercise-related parameters or simple heart rates. Since these restricted characteristics might arise from interfaces between the body and items as one of the main reasons, an interface design considering such a factor can provide us with biologically meaningful data. Here, we describe three-dimensional-printed, personalized, multifunctional electronic eyeglasses (E-glasses), not only to monitor various biological phenomena but also to propose a strategy to coordinate the recorded data for active commands and game operations for human-machine interaction (HMI) applications. Soft, highly conductive composite electrodes embedded in the E-glasses enable us to achieve reliable, continuous recordings of physiological activities. UV-responsive, color-tunable lenses using an electrochromic ionic gel offer the functionality of both eyeglass and sunglass modes, and accelerometers provide the capability of tracking precise human postures and behaviors. Detailed studies of electrophysiological signals including electroencephalogram and electrooculogram demonstrate the feasibility of smart electronic glasses for practical use as a platform for future HMI systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Hoon Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseop Kim
- SK Hynix Inc., Gyeongchung-daero, Bubal-eub, Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 17336, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Hwang
- Korea Institute of Carbon Convergence Technology, 110-11, Ballyong-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54853, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmook Chung
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Min Jang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuyan Gao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Junhyun Lee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Haedong Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Chul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Won Hwang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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