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Fischer JC, Steentjes R, Chen DH, Richards BS, Zojer E, Wöll C, Howard IA. Determining Structures of Layer-by-Layer Spin-Coated Zinc Dicarboxylate-Based Metal-Organic Thin Films. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400565. [PMID: 38642002 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Thin films of crystalline solids with substantial free volume built from organic chromophores and metal secondary building units (SBUs) are promising for engineering new optoelectronic properties through control of interchromophore coupling. Zn-based SBUs are especially relevant in this case because they avoid quenching the chromophore's luminescence. We find that layer-by-layer spin-coating using Zn acetate dihydrate and benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (H2BDC) and biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid (H2BPDC) linkers readily produces crystalline thin films. However, analysis of the grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) data reveals the structures of these films vary significantly with the linker, and with the metal-to-linker molar ratio used for fabrication. Under equimolar conditions, H2BPDC creates a type of structure like that proposed for SURMOF-2, whereas H2BDC generates a different metal-hydroxide-organic framework. Large excess of Zn2+ ions causes the growth of layered zinc hydroxides, irrespective of the linker used. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide structural models with minimum total energy that are consistent with the experimentally observed diffractograms. In the broader sense, this work illustrates the importance in this field of careful structure determination, e. g., by utilizing GIWAXS and DFT simulations to determine the structure of the obtained crystalline metal-organic thin films, such that properties can be rationally engineered and explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Fischer
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Robbin Steentjes
- Institute for Solid-State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Dong-Hui Chen
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute for Solid-State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ian A Howard
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Shrivastav V, Mansi, Gupta B, Dubey P, Deep A, Nogala W, Shrivastav V, Sundriyal S. Recent advances on surface mounted metal-organic frameworks for energy storage and conversion applications: Trends, challenges, and opportunities. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102967. [PMID: 37523999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Establishing green and reliable energy resources is very important to counteract the carbon footprints and negative impact of non-renewable energy resources. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous material finding numerous applications due to their exceptional qualities, such as high surface area, low density, superior structural flexibility, and stability. Recently, increased attention has been paid to surface mounted MOFs (SURMOFs), which is nothing but thin film of MOF, as a new category in nanotechnology having unique properties compared to bulk MOFs. With the advancement of material growth and synthesis technologies, the fine tunability of film thickness, consistency, size, and geometry with a wide range of MOF complexes is possible. In this review, we recapitulate various synthesis approaches of SURMOFs including epitaxial synthesis approach, direct solvothermal method, Langmuir-Blodgett LBL deposition, Inkjet printing technique and others and then correlated the synthesis-structure-property relationship in terms of energy storage and conversion applications. Further the critical assessment and current problems of SURMOFs have been briefly discussed to explore the future opportunities in SURMOFs for energy storage and conversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mansi
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instrument Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Bhavana Gupta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Prashant Dubey
- Advanced Carbon Products and Metrology Department, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Akash Deep
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Wojciech Nogala
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vishal Shrivastav
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Shashank Sundriyal
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, The Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic,.
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Li Q, Li Z, Fu Y, Clarot I, Boudier A, Chen Z. Room-temperature growth of covalent organic frameworks as the stationary phase for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Analyst 2021; 146:6643-6649. [PMID: 34591047 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01402a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous materials with high surface area, high porosity, good stability and tunable structure that have been widely used in the separation area. In this work, we have proposed the in situ synthesis of a novel COF composed of 4,4',4''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)trianiline (Tz) and 1,4-dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde (Da) onto the capillary inner surface for electrochromatographic separation. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis (EA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have facilitated the characterization of the prepared capillary columns. The COF (TzDa) modified OT-CEC column exhibited satisfactory separation selectivity towards neutral compounds (such as chlorobenzenes and alkylbenzenes), acidic and basic compounds (such as phenols and anilines), food additives (vanillin and its analogues) and small biomolecules (such as amino acids and polypeptides). Furthermore, the TzDa modified capillary was quite stable and reproducible. The relative standard deviations for retention times of the test analytes (alkylbenzenes) were as follows: for intra-day (n = 3) runs (≤1.74%), inter-day (n = 3) runs (≤2.25%) and between columns (n = 3) (≤4.83%). This new type of COF-based stationary phase has tremendous potential in separation science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Zhentao Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Igor Clarot
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Baumgartner B, Ikigaki K, Okada K, Takahashi M. Infrared crystallography for framework and linker orientation in metal-organic framework films. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9298-9308. [PMID: 34349899 PMCID: PMC8278957 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02370e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pore alignment and linker orientation influence diffusion and guest molecule interactions in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and play a pivotal role for successful utilization of MOFs. The crystallographic orientation and the degree of orientation of MOF films are generally determined using X-ray diffraction. However, diffraction methods reach their limit when it comes to very thin films, identification of chemical connectivity or the orientation of organic functional groups in MOFs. Cu-based 2D MOF and 3D MOF films prepared via layer-by-layer method and from aligned Cu(OH)2 substrates were studied with polarization-dependent Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in transmission and attenuated total reflection configuration. Thereby, the degrees for in-plane and out-of-plane orientation, the aromatic linker orientation and the initial alignment during layer-by-layer MOF growth, which is impossible to investigate by laboratory XRD equipment, was determined. Experimental IR spectra correlate with theoretical explanations, paving the way to expand the principle of IR crystallography to oriented, organic-inorganic hybrid films beyond MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Baumgartner
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Osaka 599-8531 Japan
| | - Ken Ikigaki
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Osaka 599-8531 Japan
| | - Kenji Okada
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Osaka 599-8531 Japan
- JST, PRESTO 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Osaka 599-8531 Japan
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Wang DW, Zhu YD, Lei S, Chen SM, Gu ZG, Zhang J. Epitaxial growth of prussian blue analogue derived NiFeP thin film for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhang X, Chen Z, Liu X, Hanna SL, Wang X, Taheri-Ledari R, Maleki A, Li P, Farha OK. A historical overview of the activation and porosity of metal–organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7406-7427. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00997k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A historical overview of the activation and porosity of MOFs including strategies to design and preserve permanent porosity in MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
| | - Xinyao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
| | - Sylvia L. Hanna
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
| | - Xingjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
| | - Reza Taheri-Ledari
- Department of Chemistry
- Iran University of Science and Technology
- Tehran 16846-13114
- Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Department of Chemistry
- Iran University of Science and Technology
- Tehran 16846-13114
- Iran
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200438
- P. R. China
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
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