1
|
Edgecomb J, Nguyen DT, Tan S, Murugesan V, Johnson GE, Prabhakaran V. Electrochemical Imaging of Precisely-Defined Redox and Reactive Interfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405846. [PMID: 38871656 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the diverse electrochemical reactions occurring at electrode-electrolyte interfaces (EEIs) is a critical challenge to developing more efficient energy conversion and storage technologies. Establishing a predictive molecular-level understanding of solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) is challenging due to the presence of multiple intertwined chemical and electrochemical processes occurring at battery electrodes. Similarly, chemical conversions in reactive electrochemical systems are often influenced by the heterogeneous distribution of active sites, surface defects, and catalyst particle sizes. In this mini review, we highlight an emerging field of interfacial science that isolates the impact of specific chemical species by preparing precisely-defined EEIs and visualizing the reactivity of their individual components using single-entity characterization techniques. We highlight the broad applicability and versatility of these methods, along with current state-of-the-art instrumentation and future opportunities for these approaches to address key scientific challenges related to batteries, chemical separations, and fuel cells. We establish that controlled preparation of well-defined electrodes combined with single entity characterization will be crucial to filling key knowledge gaps and advancing the theories used to describe and predict chemical and physical processes occurring at EEIs and accelerating new materials discovery for energy applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Edgecomb
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | | | - Shuai Tan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | | | - Grant E Johnson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ashraf MA, Daskalakis S, Kogler M, Ostermann M, Gahlawat S, Son S, Mardilovich P, Valtiner M, Pichler CM. Extending the lifetime of vanadium redox flow batteries by reactivation of carbon electrode materials. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7926-7936. [PMID: 38535752 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06300c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The degradation and aging of carbon felt electrodes is a main reason for the performance loss of Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries over extended operation time. In this study, the chemical mechanisms for carbon electrode degradation are investigated and distinct differences in the degradation mechanisms on positive and negative electrodes have been revealed. A combination of surface analysis techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was applied for this purpose. In addition to understanding the chemical and physical alterations of the aged electrodes, a thermal method for reactivating aged electrodes was developed. The reactivation process was successfully applied on artificially aged electrodes as well as on electrodes from a real-world industrial vanadium redox flow battery system. The aforementioned analysis methods provided insight and understanding into the chemical mechanisms of the reactivation procedure. By applying the reactivation method, the lifetime of vanadium redox flow batteries can be significantly extended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel Ashraf
- Avesta Battery and Energy Engineering, Doorn Noordstraat 10, 9400 Ninove, Belgium
- Centre for Electrochemical and Surface Technology, Viktor Kaplan-Straße 2, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stylianos Daskalakis
- Centre for Electrochemical and Surface Technology, Viktor Kaplan-Straße 2, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Kogler
- Centre for Electrochemical and Surface Technology, Viktor Kaplan-Straße 2, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Ostermann
- Centre for Electrochemical and Surface Technology, Viktor Kaplan-Straße 2, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Soniya Gahlawat
- Centre for Electrochemical and Surface Technology, Viktor Kaplan-Straße 2, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Seohee Son
- Enerox GmbH, IZ NÖ-Süd Str. 3 Obj M36, 2355 Wiener Neudorf, Austria
| | | | - Markus Valtiner
- Centre for Electrochemical and Surface Technology, Viktor Kaplan-Straße 2, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian M Pichler
- Centre for Electrochemical and Surface Technology, Viktor Kaplan-Straße 2, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Köble K, Schilling M, Eifert L, Bevilacqua N, Fahy KF, Atanassov P, Bazylak A, Zeis R. Revealing the Multifaceted Impacts of Electrode Modifications for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46775-46789. [PMID: 37768857 PMCID: PMC10571042 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbon electrodes are one of the key components of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs), and their wetting behavior, electrochemical performance, and tendency to side reactions are crucial for cell efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate three different types of electrode modifications: poly(o-toluidine) (POT), Vulcan XC 72R, and an iron-doped carbon-nitrogen base material (Fe-N-C + carbon nanotube (CNT)). By combining synchrotron X-ray imaging with traditional characterization approaches, we give thorough insights into changes caused by each modification in terms of the electrochemical performance in both half-cell reactions, wettability and permeability, and tendency toward the hydrogen evolution side reaction. The limiting performance of POT and Vulcan XC 72R could mainly be ascribed to hindered electrolyte transport through the electrode. Fe-N-C + CNT displayed promising potential in the positive half-cell with improved electrochemical performance and wetting behavior but catalyzed the hydrogen evolution side reaction in the negative half-cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Köble
- Helmholtz
Institute Ulm, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Monja Schilling
- Helmholtz
Institute Ulm, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - László Eifert
- Helmholtz
Institute Ulm, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Nico Bevilacqua
- Helmholtz
Institute Ulm, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kieran F. Fahy
- Department
of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science
& Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Plamen Atanassov
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, 221 Engineering Service Rd., Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Aimy Bazylak
- Department
of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science
& Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Roswitha Zeis
- Department
of Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Engineering, Faculty
of Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz
Institute Ulm, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department
of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science
& Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Reduction of VO2+ in electrolysis cell combined with chemical regeneration of oxidized VO2+ electrolyte for operando capacity recovery of vanadium redox flow battery. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
5
|
Voltammetric kinetic discrimination of two sequential proton-coupled electron transfers in serotonin oxidation: Electrochemical interrogation of a serotonin intermediate. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.139973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
6
|
Kinetics of oxidation of antidiabetic drug metformin hydrochloride by vanadium(V) in acidic and micellar medium. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
7
|
Yang C, Zhu Q, Sadakane M, Zhang Z, Li Y, Ueda W. Vanadium-Enhanced Intramolecular Redox Property of a Transition-Metal Oxide Molecular Wire. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:16557-16566. [PMID: 33100003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal oxide molecular wires are inorganic 1D polymers with elemental diversity. The properties of the materials are tuned by tuning the chemical compositions. The phosphovanadomolybdate molecular wire is synthesized, which is an isostructural material of the phosphomolybdate molecular wire. V is randomly located in the crystal to form {[(HPIIIO3)(MoVI5O15)(VVO3)]3-}n, which is incorporated into the material after the formation of the phosphomolybdate molecular wire. The heat-triggered redox reaction via the intramolecular electron-transfer and oxygen-transfer procedure is promoted after V substitution. Oxygen transfers from {VVO6} to {HPIIIO3}, and an electron transfers from {HPIIIO3} to {VVO6} with oxidation of the triangle {HPIIIO3} to the corner-sharing tetrahedral {PV2O7} and reduction of the octahedral {VVO6} to the pyramidal {VIVO5}. The material shows catalytic activity for the aerobic oxidation of alcohol to aldehyde, and good activity with high selectivity is obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caona Yang
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Masahiro Sadakane
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Zhenxin Zhang
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Yanshuo Li
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Wataru Ueda
- Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eifert L, Bevilacqua N, Köble K, Fahy K, Xiao L, Li M, Duan K, Bazylak A, Sui P, Zeis R. Synchrotron X-ray Radiography and Tomography of Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries-Cell Design, Electrolyte Flow Geometry, and Gas Bubble Formation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:3154-3165. [PMID: 32286001 PMCID: PMC7317554 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The wetting behavior and affinity to side reactions of carbon-based electrodes in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are highly dependent on the physical and chemical surface structures of the material, as well as on the cell design itself. To investigate these properties, a new cell design was proposed to facilitate synchrotron X-ray imaging. Three different flow geometries were studied to understand the impact on the flow dynamics, and the formation of hydrogen bubbles. By electrolyte injection experiments, it was shown that the maximum saturation of carbon felt was achieved by a flat flow field after the first injection and by a serpentine flow field after continuous flow. Furthermore, the average saturation of the carbon felt was correlated to the cyclic voltammetry current response, and the hydrogen gas evolution was visualized in 3D by X-ray tomography. The capabilities of this cell design and experiments were outlined, which are essential for the evaluation and optimization of cell components of VRFBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- László Eifert
- Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHelmholtz Institute UlmHelmholtzstraße 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Nico Bevilacqua
- Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHelmholtz Institute UlmHelmholtzstraße 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Kerstin Köble
- Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHelmholtz Institute UlmHelmholtzstraße 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Kieran Fahy
- Thermofluids for Energy and Advanced Materials (TEAM) LaboratoryDepartment of Mechanical & Industrial EngineeringUniversity of TorontoInstitute for Sustainable EnergyFaculty of Applied Science & EngineeringUniversity of Toronto5 King's College RoadTorontoOntarioM5S 3G8Canada
| | - Liusheng Xiao
- School of Automotive EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- School of Automotive EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070P.R. China
| | - Kangjun Duan
- School of Automotive EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070P.R. China
| | - Aimy Bazylak
- Thermofluids for Energy and Advanced Materials (TEAM) LaboratoryDepartment of Mechanical & Industrial EngineeringUniversity of TorontoInstitute for Sustainable EnergyFaculty of Applied Science & EngineeringUniversity of Toronto5 King's College RoadTorontoOntarioM5S 3G8Canada
| | - Pang‐Chieh Sui
- School of Automotive EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070P.R. China
| | - Roswitha Zeis
- Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHelmholtz Institute UlmHelmholtzstraße 1189081UlmGermany
- Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyInstitute of Physical ChemistryFritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| |
Collapse
|