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Feng J, Chen Z, Zhou W, Hao Z. Origin and characterization of the oxygen loss phenomenon in the layered oxide cathodes of Li-ion batteries. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4686-4709. [PMID: 37593917 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00780d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Li-ion batteries have been widely applied in the field of energy storage due to their high energy density and environment friendliness. Owing to their high capacity of ∼200 mA h g-1 and high cutoff voltage of ∼4.6 V vs. Li+/Li, layered lithium transition metal oxides (LLMOs) stand out among the numerous cathode materials. However, the oxygen loss of LLMO cathodes during cycling hampers the further development LLMO cathode-based Li-ion batteries by inducing a dramatic decay of electrochemical performance and safety issues. In this regard, the oxygen loss phenomenon of LLMO cathodes has attracted attention, and extensive efforts have been devoted to investigating the origins of oxygen loss in LLMO cathodes by various characterization methods. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the main causes of oxygen loss is presented, including the state of charge, side reactions with electrolytes, and the thermal instability of LLMO cathodes. The characterization methods used in the scope are introduced and summarized based on their functional principles. It is hoped that the review can inspire a deeper consideration of the utilization of characterization techniques in detecting the oxygen loss of LLMO cathodes, paving a new pathway for developing advanced LLMO cathodes with better cycling stability and practical capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrun Feng
- School of Science, School of Chip Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Science, School of Chip Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China.
| | - Weihua Zhou
- School of Science, School of Chip Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China.
| | - Zhangxiang Hao
- School of Science, School of Chip Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China.
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Fan Q, Zuba MJ, Zong Y, Menon AS, Pacileo AT, Piper LFJ, Zhou G, Liu H. Surface Reduction Stabilizes the Single-Crystalline Ni-Rich Layered Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38795-38806. [PMID: 35972398 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The surface of the layered transition metal oxide cathode plays an important role in its function and degradation. Modification of the surface structure and chemistry is often necessary to overcome the debilitating effect of the native surface. Here, we employ a chemical reduction method using CaI2 to modify the native surface of single-crystalline layered transition metal oxide cathode particles. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows the formation of a conformal cubic phase at the particle surface, where the outmost layer is enriched with Ca. The modified surface significantly improves the long-term capacity retention at low rates of cycling, yet the rate capability is compromised by the impeded interfacial kinetics at high voltages. The lack of oxygen vacancy generation in the chemically induced surface phase transformation likely results in a dense surface layer that accounts for the improved electrochemical stability and impeded Li-ion diffusion. This work highlights the strong dependence of the electrode's (electro)chemical stability and intercalation kinetics on the surface structure and chemistry, which can be further tailored by the chemical reduction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglu Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, 4400 Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Mateusz Jan Zuba
- Materials Science and Engineering, Binghamton University, 4400 Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Yanxu Zong
- Materials Science and Engineering, Binghamton University, 4400 Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Ashok S Menon
- WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony T Pacileo
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, 4400 Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Louis F J Piper
- Materials Science and Engineering, Binghamton University, 4400 Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
- WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Guangwen Zhou
- Materials Science and Engineering, Binghamton University, 4400 Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Binghamton University, 4400 Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, 4400 Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, Binghamton University, 4400 Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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Xia H, Zhang W, Cao S, Chen X. A Figure of Merit for Fast-Charging Li-ion Battery Materials. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8525-8530. [PMID: 35708489 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rate capability is characterized necessarily in almost all battery-related reports, while there is no universal metric for quantitative comparison. Here, we proposed the characteristic time of diffusion, which mainly combines the effects of diffusion coefficients and geometric sizes, as an easy-to-use figure of merit (FOM) to standardize the comparison of fast-charging battery materials. It offers an indicator to rank the rate capabilities of different battery materials and suggests two general methods to improve the rate capability: decreasing the geometric sizes or increasing the diffusion coefficients. Based on this FOM, more comprehensive FOMs for quantifying the rate capabilities of battery materials are expected by incorporating other processes (interfacial reaction, migration) into the current diffusion-dominated electrochemical model. Combined with Peukert's empirical law, it may characterize rate capabilities of batteries in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Xia
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Wei Zhang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Shengkai Cao
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634
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Analysis of Tortuosity in Compacts of Ternary Mixtures of Spherical Particles. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13204487. [PMID: 33050421 PMCID: PMC7599817 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an approach is proposed to analyze the tortuosity of porous electrodes using the radical Voronoi tessellation. For this purpose, a series of particle compacts geometrically similar to the actual porous electrode were generated using discrete element method; the radical Voronoi tessellation was constructed for each compact to characterize the structural properties; the tortuosity of compact porous structure was simulated by applying the Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm on radical Voronoi tessellation. Finally, the relationships were established between the tortuosity and the composition of the ternary particle mixture, and between the tortuosity and the radical Voronoi cell parameters. The following correlations between tortuosity values and radical Voronoi cell parameters were found: larger faces and longer edges of radical Voronoi cell leads to the increased fraction of larger values of tortuosity in the distribution, while smaller faces and shorter edges of radical Voronoi cell contribute to the increased fraction of smaller tortuosity values, being the tortuosity values more uniform with narrower distribution. Thus, the compacts with enhanced diffusion properties are expected to be obtained by packing particle mixtures with high volume fraction of small and medium particles. These results will help to design the well-packed particle compacts having improved diffusion properties for various applications including porous electrodes.
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