1
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Tang Z, Xu B, Man X, Liu H. Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Fibrous Materials. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300270. [PMID: 37312429 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural fibers with robust water repellency play an important role in adapting organisms to various environments, which has inspired the development of artificial superhydrophobic fibrous materials with applications in self-cleaning, antifogging, water harvesting, heat exchanging, catalytic reactions, and microrobots. However, these highly textured surfaces (micro/nanotextured) suffer from frequent liquid penetration in high humidity and abrasion-induced destruction of the local environment. Herein, bioinspired superhydrophobic fibrous materials are reviewed from the perspective of the dimension scale of fibers. First, the fibrous dimension characteristics of several representative natural superhydrophobic fibrous systems are summarized, along with the mechanisms involved. Then, artificial superhydrophobic fibers are summarized, along with their various applications. Nanometer-scale fibers enable superhydrophobicity by minimizing the liquid-solid contact area. Micrometer-scale fibers are advantageous for enhancing the mechanical stability of superhydrophobicity. Micrometer-scale conical fibrous structures endow a Laplace force with a particular magnitude for self-removing condensed tiny dewdrops in highly humid air and stably trapping large air pockets underwater. Furthermore, several representative surface modification strategies for constructing superhydrophobic fibers are presented. In addition, several conventional applications of superhydrophobic systems are presented. It is anticipated that the review will inspire the design and fabrication of superhydrophobic fibrous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxue Tang
- School of Physics, Beihang University, No. 37, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Bojie Xu
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, No. 37, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xingkun Man
- School of Physics, Beihang University, No. 37, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, No. 37, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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Ijaola AO, Subeshan B, Pham A, Uddin MN, Yang SY, Asmatulu E. Fabrication, Characterization, and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assessment of Tri-Layered Multifunctional Scaffold for Effective Chronic Wound Healing. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1148. [PMID: 37892878 PMCID: PMC10604823 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds have been a global health risk that demands intensive exploration. A tri-layered biomaterial scaffold has been developed for skin wounds. The top layer of the scaffold is superhydrophobic, and the bottom layer is hydrophilic, both of which were electrospun using recycled expanded polystyrene (EPS) and monofilament fishing line (MFL), respectively. The intermediate layer of the scaffold comprised hydrogel by cross-linking chitosan (CS) with polyethylene glycol. The surface morphology, surface chemistry, thermal degradation, and wettability characteristics of each layer of the scaffold were examined. Also, the antibacterial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity study on the combined tri-layered scaffold were assessed against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Data revealed exceptional water repellency of the heat-treated electrospun top superhydrophobic layer (TSL) with a high-water contact angle (WCA) of 172.44°. A TSL with 15 wt% of micro-/nano-inclusions had the best thermal stability above 400 °C. The bottom hydrophilic layer (BHL) displayed a WCA of 9.91°. Therapeutically, the synergistic effect of the combined tri-layered scaffold significantly inhibited bacteria growth by 70.5% for E. coli and 68.6% for S. aureus. Furthermore, cell viability is enhanced when PEG is included as part of the intermediate CS hydrogel layer (ICHL) composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Olanrewaju Ijaola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount St., Wichita, KS 67260, USA; (A.O.I.); (B.S.); (A.P.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount St., Wichita, KS 67260, USA
| | - Balakrishnan Subeshan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount St., Wichita, KS 67260, USA; (A.O.I.); (B.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Anh Pham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount St., Wichita, KS 67260, USA; (A.O.I.); (B.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Md. Nizam Uddin
- Department of Engineering and Physics, Texas A&M University-Texarkana, 7101 University Ave, Texarkana, TX 75503, USA;
| | - Shang-You Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount St., Wichita, KS 67260, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS 67214, USA
| | - Eylem Asmatulu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount St., Wichita, KS 67260, USA; (A.O.I.); (B.S.); (A.P.)
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3
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Rich SI, Takakuwa M, Fukuda K, Someya T. Simple Method for Creating Hydrophobic Ultraflexible Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12495-12501. [PMID: 36752719 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices, such as photodetectors and photovoltaics, are susceptible to surface contamination or water damage that can lead to reductions in performance or stability. Applying superhydrophobic coatings to these devices can introduce self-cleaning behavior and water resistance to extend their lifetime and improve their efficiency. However, existing methods for inducing superhydrophobicity have not been compatible with ultraflexible devices because of their thickness and complexity requirements. In this work, we introduce a procedure for inducing superhydrophobic and self-cleaning behavior on ultraflexible components using a combination of shrinkage-induced wrinkles and a low-surface-energy coating. We apply these techniques to an ultraflexible organic photovoltaics and demonstrate excellent hydrophobicity and self-cleaning behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven I Rich
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masahito Takakuwa
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukuda
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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4
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Zhang J, Jian Y, Tong J, Deng H, Du Y, Shi X. Hollow chitosan hydrogel tube with controllable wrinkled pattern via film-to-tube fabrication. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Barraza B, Olate-Moya F, Montecinos G, Ortega JH, Rosenkranz A, Tamburrino A, Palza H. Superhydrophobic SLA 3D printed materials modified with nanoparticles biomimicking the hierarchical structure of a rice leaf. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:300-321. [PMID: 35557509 PMCID: PMC9090350 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2063035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rice leaf, combining the surface properties of lotus leaves and shark skin, presents outstanding superhydrophobic properties motivating its biomimesis. We created a novel biomimetic rice-leaf superhydrophobic surface by a three-level hierarchical structure, using for a first time stereolithographic (SLA) 3D printed channels (100µm width) with an intrinsic roughness from the printing filaments (10µm), and coated with TiO2 nanoparticles (22 and 100nm). This structure presents a maximum advancing contact angle of 165° characterized by lower both anisotropy and hysteresis contact angles than other 3D printed surfaces, due to the presence of air pockets at the surface/water interface (Cassie-Baxter state). Dynamic water-drop tests show that the biomimetic surface presents self-cleaning, which is reduced under UV-A irradiation. The biomimetic surface further renders an increased floatability to 3D printed objects meaning a drag-reduction due to reduced water/solid contact area. Numerical simulations of a channel with a biomimetic wall confirm that the presence of air is essential to understand our results since it increases the average velocity and decreases the friction factor due to the presence of a wall-slip velocity. Our findings show that SLA 3D printing is an appropriate approach to develop biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces for future applications in anti-fouling and drag-reduction devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Barraza
- Matemáticas, Universidad de ChileDepartamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y, Santiago, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio en Metamateriales Mecánicos Suaves e Inteligentes (Millennium Nucleus on Smart Soft Mechanical Metamaterials)
- Advanced Mining Technology Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Olate-Moya
- Matemáticas, Universidad de ChileDepartamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y, Santiago, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio en Metamateriales Mecánicos Suaves e Inteligentes (Millennium Nucleus on Smart Soft Mechanical Metamaterials)
| | - Gino Montecinos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Matemática, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jaime H. Ortega
- Departamento de Ingeniería Matemática, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Modelamiento Matemático, IRL 2807 CNRS-UChile, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andreas Rosenkranz
- Matemáticas, Universidad de ChileDepartamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aldo Tamburrino
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Humberto Palza
- Matemáticas, Universidad de ChileDepartamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y, Santiago, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio en Metamateriales Mecánicos Suaves e Inteligentes (Millennium Nucleus on Smart Soft Mechanical Metamaterials)
- Advanced Mining Technology Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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MacLachlan R, Vahedi F, Imani SM, Ashkar AA, Didar TF, Soleymani L. Pathogen-Repellent Plastic Warp with Built-In Hierarchical Structuring Prevents the Contamination of Surfaces with Coronaviruses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:11068-11077. [PMID: 35225604 PMCID: PMC8903211 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, it is evident that viral spread is mediated through several different transmission pathways. Reduction of these transmission pathways is urgently needed to control the spread of viruses between infected and susceptible individuals. Herein, we report the use of pathogen-repellent plastic wraps (RepelWrap) with engineered surface structures at multiple length scales (nanoscale to microscale) as a means of reducing the indirect contact transmission of viruses through fomites. To quantify viral repellency, we developed a touch-based viral quantification assay to mimic the interaction of a contaminated human touch with a surface through the modification of traditional viral quantification methods (viral plaque and TCID50 assays). These studies demonstrate that RepelWrap reduced contamination with an enveloped DNA virus as well as the human coronavirus 229E (HuCoV-229E) by more than 4 log 10 (>99.99%) compared to a standard commercially available polyethylene plastic wrap. In addition, RepelWrap maintained its repellent properties after repeated 300 touches and did not show an accumulation in viral titer after multiple contacts with contaminated surfaces, while increases were seen on other commonly used surfaces. These findings show the potential use of repellent surfaces in reducing viral contamination on surfaces, which could, in turn, reduce the surface-based spread and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick MacLachlan
- Department
of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Vahedi
- Department
of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Sara M. Imani
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Ali A. Ashkar
- Department
of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
- McMaster
Immunology Research Center, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Tohid F. Didar
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4L7, Canada
- Michael G.
DeGroote Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- Department
of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
- Michael G.
DeGroote Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
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7
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Wang Y, Yue Y, Cheng F, Cheng Y, Ge B, Liu N, Gao Y. Ti 3C 2T x MXene-Based Flexible Piezoresistive Physical Sensors. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1734-1758. [PMID: 35148056 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MXenes have received increasing attention due to their two-dimensional layered structure, high conductivity, hydrophilicity, and large specific surface area. Because of these distinctive advantages, MXenes are considered as very competitive pressure-sensitive materials in applications of flexible piezoresistive sensors. This work reviews the preparation methods, basic properties, and assembly methods of MXenes and their recent developments in piezoresistive sensor applications. The recent developments of MXene-based flexible piezoresistive sensors can be categorized into one-dimensional fibrous, two-dimensional planar, and three-dimensional sensors according to their various structures. The trends of multifunctional integration of MXene-based pressure sensors are also summarized. Finally, we end this review by describing the opportunities and challenges for MXene-based pressure sensors and the great prospects of MXenes in the field of pressure sensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Wang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yue
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yongfa Cheng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Binghui Ge
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Nishuang Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Yihua Gao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
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8
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Pei J, Liao Y, Li Q, Shi K, Fu J, Hu X, Huang Z, Xue L, Xiao X, Liu K. Single-layer graphene prevents Cassie-wetting failure of structured hydrophobic surface for efficient condensation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 615:302-308. [PMID: 35149348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Structured hydrophobic surfaces often suffer from Cassie-wetting failure due to trapped water in structure gaps for a long-term operation. Sustainable Cassie-wetting on such surface could be achieved by coating an atom-thick and moisture-impermeable graphene on it. EXPERIMENTS Water contact angles were measured to clarify the effect of graphene on wetting, and water impermeability was verified by moisture deposition and evaporation. Sliding angle measurements and vapor condensation were carried out to demonstrate the stable Cassie-state wetting and application. FINDINGS Interestingly we found the graphene does not significantly disrupt the wetting behavior of the structured hydrophobic surface, showing a wettability transparency. Moreover, the impermeability of graphene keeps moisture away from the structure gaps. Owning to the combination of these two properties, droplets on the graphene-coated structured surface exhibit a stable Cassie-state hydrophobic wetting, even under the situation of moisture deposition and evaporation. Using the modified surface, we also found a 40-100% increase in condensation efficiency for a 5-hour vapor condensation at a subcooling of 40 °C. These results suggest an effective strategy to prevent Cassie-wetting failure of structured hydrophobic surface and are expected to promote its further application in more complex conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Pei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yutian Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Qian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Kui Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jia Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xuejiao Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Longjian Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Xu Xiao
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313001, China; School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Kang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
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9
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Ohkubo Y, Okazaki Y, Nishino M, Seto Y, Endo K, Yamamura K. Flexible selection of the functional-group ratio on a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) surface using a single-gas plasma treatment. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31246-31254. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04763b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
During plasma treatment of polymers, etching occurs and functional groups are introduced on their surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ohkubo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Okazaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Misa Nishino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yosuke Seto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Endo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamamura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Ghasemlou M, Le PH, Daver F, Murdoch BJ, Ivanova EP, Adhikari B. Robust and Eco-Friendly Superhydrophobic Starch Nanohybrid Materials with Engineered Lotus Leaf Mimetic Multiscale Hierarchical Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36558-36573. [PMID: 34284587 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of superhydrophobic surfaces in a broad range of applications is receiving a great deal of attention due to their numerous functionalities. However, fabricating these surfaces using low-cost raw materials through green and fluorine-free routes has been a bottleneck in their industrial deployment. This work presents a facile and environmentally friendly strategy to prepare mechanically robust superhydrophobic surfaces with engineered lotus leaf mimetic multiscale hierarchical structures via a hybrid route combining soft imprinting and spin-coating. Direct soft-imprinting lithography onto starch/polyhydroxyurethane/cellulose nanocrystal (SPC) films formed micro-scaled features resembling the pillar architecture of lotus leaf. Spin-coating was then used to assemble a thin layer of low-surface-energy poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) over these microstructures. Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) were grafted with vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) to form functional silica nanoparticles (V-SNPs) and subsequently used for the fabrication of superhydrophobic coatings. A further modification of PDMS@SPC film with V-SNPs enabled the interlocking of V-SNPs microparticles within the cross-linked PDMS network. The simultaneous introduction of hierarchical microscale surface topography, the low surface tension of the PDMS layer, and the nanoscale roughness induced by V-SNPs contributed to the fabrication of a superhydrophobic interface with a water contact angle (WCA) of ∼150° and a sliding angle (SA) of <10°. The PDMS/V-SNP@SPC films showed an ∼52% reduction in water vapor transmission rate compared to that of uncoated films. These results indicated that the coating served as an excellent moisture barrier and imparted good hydrophobicity to the film substrate. The coated film surfaces were able to withstand extensive knife scratches, finger-rubbing, jet-water impact, a sandpaper-abrasion test for 20 cycles, and a tape-peeling test for ∼10 repetitions without losing superhydrophobicity, suggesting superior mechanical durability. Self-cleaning behavior was also demonstrated when the surfaces were cleared of artificial dust and various food liquids. The green and innovative approach presented in the current study can potentially serve as an attractive new tool for the development of robust superhydrophobic surfaces without adverse environmental consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, College of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM), RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Phuc H Le
- School of Science, College of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM), RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Fugen Daver
- School of Engineering, College of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM), RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Billy J Murdoch
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, College of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM), RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, College of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM), RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, College of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM), RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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11
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Wang Y, Meng J, Wang S. Recent Progress of Bioinspired Scalephobic Surfaces with Specific Barrier Layers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:8639-8657. [PMID: 34266239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired superwettable surfaces have been widely harnessed in diverse applications such as self-cleaning, oil/water separation, and liquid transport. So far, only a little work is focused on scalephobic capability of those superwettable surfaces. However, the troublesome scale deposition will inevitably be observed in our daily production and life, greatly reducing heat transfer efficiency and inhibiting the liquid transport. To address this annoying problem, as the emerging strategy, specific barrier layers are introduced onto superwettable surfaces to reduce or even avoid the direct contact between scale and the surfaces. In this feature article, we first provide the basic concept of bioinspired scalephobic surfaces with specific barrier layers. Then, we briefly introduce the typical fabrication methods of scalephobic surfaces. Later, we summarize recent progress of bioinspired scalephobic surfaces with specific barrier layers. Furthermore, we point out the guiding theory and criteria for the stability of barrier layers. Finally, we put forward the forecast on the existing problems and future direction in bioinspired scalephobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingxin Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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12
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Wu J, He J, Yin K, Zhu Z, Xiao S, Wu Z, Duan JA. Robust Hierarchical Porous PTFE Film Fabricated via Femtosecond Laser for Self-Cleaning Passive Cooling. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4209-4216. [PMID: 33970640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Passive cooling materials that spontaneously cool an object are promising choices for mitigating the global energy crisis. However, these cooling effects are usually weakened or lost when dust contaminates the surface structure, greatly restricting their applications. In this work, a robust hierarchical porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film with coral-like micro/nanostructures is generated by a facile and efficient femtosecond laser ablation technique. Owing to its unique micro/nanostructures, the as-prepared surface exhibits an outstanding self-cleaning function for various liquids with ultralow adhesion. This self-cleaning characteristic enhances the durability of its passive cooling effect. It is demonstrated that the titanium (Ti) sheet covered with laser-ablated PTFE film can realize a maximum temperature decrease of 4 and 10 °C compared to the Ti sheet covered with pristine PTFE film and uncovered, respectively. This study reveals that femtosecond laser micromachining is a facile and feasible avenue to produce robust self-cleaning passive cooling devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Jun He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Kai Yin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance and Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Zhu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Si Xiao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Ji-An Duan
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance and Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
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13
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Xu L, Yang L, Yang S, Xu Z, Lin G, Shi J, Zhang R, Yu J, Ge D, Guo Y. Earthworm-Inspired Ultradurable Superhydrophobic Fabrics from Adaptive Wrinkled Skin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6758-6766. [PMID: 33527836 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wrapped by periodically wrinkled skin, soft earthworm shows excellent robustness against sticky soil. Mimicking this deformation adaptability, here, we report an ultradurable superhydrophobic fabric by exploiting the formation of adaptive, soft wrinkled poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) skins. Uniform wrinkles are created on woven fabric fibers due to the surface instability of PDMS coating with a cross-linking gradient induced by Ar plasma treatment. Both the surface topography of wrinkles and the viscoelasticity of the underlying compliant layer to release stress endow the treated superhydrophobic fabrics with extraordinary durability, withstanding 800 standard laundries or 1000 rubbing cycles under 44.8 kPa. Additionally, superhydrophobic fabrics are self-healable after heating or plasma treatment. This insight of engineering soft skins with periodic submicron surface topography and gradient modulus provides a pathway for the design of ultradurable, multifunctional wearables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, Member of Magnetic Confinement Fusion Research Center, Ministry of Education, College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lili Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zhao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gaojian Lin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianjun Shi
- Department of Applied Physics, Member of Magnetic Confinement Fusion Research Center, Ministry of Education, College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ruiyun Zhang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Dengteng Ge
- Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Applied Physics, Member of Magnetic Confinement Fusion Research Center, Ministry of Education, College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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14
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Zhang W, Wang D, Sun Z, Song J, Deng X. Robust superhydrophobicity: mechanisms and strategies. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4031-4061. [PMID: 33554976 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00751j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces hold great prospects for extremely diverse applications owing to their water repellence property. The essential feature of superhydrophobicity is micro-/nano-scopic roughness to reserve a large portion of air under a liquid drop. However, the vulnerability of the delicate surface textures significantly impedes the practical applications of superhydrophobic surfaces. Robust superhydrophobicity is a must to meet the rigorous industrial requirements and standards for commercial products. In recent years, major advancements have been made in elucidating the mechanisms of wetting transitions, design strategies and fabrication techniques of superhydrophobicity. This review will first introduce the mechanisms of wetting transitions, including the thermodynamic stability of the Cassie state and its breakdown conditions. Then we highlight the development, current status and future prospects of robust superhydrophobicity, including characterization, design strategies and fabrication techniques. In particular, design strategies, which are classified into passive resistance and active regeneration for the first time, are proposed and discussed extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenluan Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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15
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Gao H, Jian Y, Yan Y. The effects of bio-inspired micro/nano scale structures on anti-icing properties. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:447-466. [PMID: 33403371 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01683g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ice formation and accumulation have detrimental effects on commercial surfaces and people's lives. The ice adhesion strength decreases with increasing surface hydrophobicity, and the superhydrophobicity of a surface can be constructed by a combination of low surface free energy and high surface roughness. Conversely, the characteristics of biological surfaces have aroused wide attention as a result of the superhydrophobicity of plants and animals, deriving from the synergistic effects of chemical compositions and multi-scale hierarchical structures. Therefore, inspired by bio-mimetic studies on biological surfaces, a lot of artificial bio-inspired superhydrophobic surfaces have been broadly designed and constructed. Herein, we aim to summarize the fundamental theories of surface wettability and recent progress in the fabrication of bio-inspired surfaces. The bio-inspired surfaces prepared by different facile methods not only have superhydrophobicity, but also have anti-icing/icephobic properties. In the end, some challenges and problems in the future study and advancement of bio-inspired superhydrophobic surfaces are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Gao
- Institute of Refrigeration & Cryogenics Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China.
| | - Yiming Jian
- Institute of Refrigeration & Cryogenics Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China.
| | - Yuying Yan
- Fluids & Thermal Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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16
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Su Y, Zhao Y, Zheng W, Yu H, Liu Y, Xu L. Asymmetric Sc-PLA Membrane with Multi-scale Microstructures: Wettability, Antifouling, and Oil-Water Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55520-55526. [PMID: 33231417 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an eco-friendly superhydrophobic stereo-complex polylactic acid (Sc-PLA) membrane was fabricated by a facile non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) method, followed by peeling off its skin layer. By adjusting the thickness and roughness, membranes with various multi-scale microstructures could be obtained due to the formation of stereo-complex crystals during the process of phase separation. The Sc-PLA membranes display a hydrophobic wetting property. Interestingly, when the skin layer of the membrane with a 600 μm thickness was peeled off, the water contact angle on the surface of the membrane significantly improved from 142 to 152°, and the membrane displayed superhydrophobic wetting properties, which may be owing to the improvement of roughness for the surface by enlarging the exposure opportunity of finger holes and microstructures. In addition, the Sc-PLA membrane with superhydrophobicity shows excellent antifouling performance and large oil absorption capacity. Predictably, the Sc-PLA membranes may have potential applications in antifouling and oil-water separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhuo Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Zhao
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenge Zheng
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinfeng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Linqiong Xu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
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17
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Lin CH, Huang CY, Ho JY, Hsueh HY. Symmetrical Wrinkles in Single-Component Elastomers with Fingerprint-Inspired Robust Isotropic Dry Adhesive Capabilities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:22365-22377. [PMID: 32237732 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Robust and inexpensive dry adhesives have a great potential in multitudinous industrial applications. However, to date, the fabrication of dry adhesives, prepared using high aspect ratio structures in general, requires specific equipment and time-consuming processes, which limit their practicable utilization. Inspired from human fingerprints, in this study, we created durable single-component elastomer surfaces with symmetric and multiple concentric-shaped wrinkled patterns that exhibit isotropic dry adhesion capabilities. The dynamic interfacial release-induced surface wrinkling property of a rigid degradable polymeric capping layer [i.e., poly(l-lactide) (PLLA)] was exploited on a soft elastomer substrate [i.e., polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)] to spontaneously form wrinkled PLLA/PDMS bilayer composites. After conducting a two-step thermal curing process on the composite and hydrolysis of the PLLA capping layer, a single-component microwrinkled PDMS surface with a large area and symmetric patterns could be generated. The patterns show flexible, durable, and isotropic dry adhesion capabilities that could be controlled by tuning their geometrical parameters (wrinkle wavelengths and amplitudes) and elastic modulus. In particular, the formation of symmetrically wrinkled patterns without using expensive lithography for patterning and costly material precursors is an advantage and could be extended to other industrial applications, such as damage-free transportation, biomimetic climbing robots, and biocompatible medical patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsun Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jui-Yuan Ho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Han-Yu Hsueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
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18
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Shao P, Yao R, Li G, Zhang M, Yuan S, Wang X, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Zhang L, Feng X, Wang B. Molecular‐Sieving Membrane by Partitioning the Channels in Ultrafiltration Membrane by In Situ Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion MaterialsKey Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Ruxin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceShanxi Normal University Linfen 041004 P. R. China
| | - Ge Li
- Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology of MOECollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Mengxi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion MaterialsKey Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion MaterialsKey Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion MaterialsKey Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion MaterialsKey Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Xianming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceShanxi Normal University Linfen 041004 P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology of MOECollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion MaterialsKey Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion MaterialsKey Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
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19
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Shao P, Yao R, Li G, Zhang M, Yuan S, Wang X, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Zhang L, Feng X, Wang B. Molecular‐Sieving Membrane by Partitioning the Channels in Ultrafiltration Membrane by In Situ Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4401-4405. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion MaterialsKey Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Ruxin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceShanxi Normal University Linfen 041004 P. R. China
| | - Ge Li
- Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology of MOECollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Mengxi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion MaterialsKey Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion MaterialsKey Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion MaterialsKey Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion MaterialsKey Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Xianming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceShanxi Normal University Linfen 041004 P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology of MOECollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion MaterialsKey Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion MaterialsKey Laboratory of Cluster ScienceMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
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