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Kumar R, Rezapourian M, Rahmani R, Maurya HS, Kamboj N, Hussainova I. Bioinspired and Multifunctional Tribological Materials for Sliding, Erosive, Machining, and Energy-Absorbing Conditions: A Review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:209. [PMID: 38667221 PMCID: PMC11048303 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Friction, wear, and the consequent energy dissipation pose significant challenges in systems with moving components, spanning various domains, including nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS) and bio-MEMS (microrobots), hip prostheses (biomaterials), offshore wind and hydro turbines, space vehicles, solar mirrors for photovoltaics, triboelectric generators, etc. Nature-inspired bionic surfaces offer valuable examples of effective texturing strategies, encompassing various geometric and topological approaches tailored to mitigate frictional effects and related functionalities in various scenarios. By employing biomimetic surface modifications, for example, roughness tailoring, multifunctionality of the system can be generated to efficiently reduce friction and wear, enhance load-bearing capacity, improve self-adaptiveness in different environments, improve chemical interactions, facilitate biological interactions, etc. However, the full potential of bioinspired texturing remains untapped due to the limited mechanistic understanding of functional aspects in tribological/biotribological settings. The current review extends to surface engineering and provides a comprehensive and critical assessment of bioinspired texturing that exhibits sustainable synergy between tribology and biology. The successful evolving examples from nature for surface/tribological solutions that can efficiently solve complex tribological problems in both dry and lubricated contact situations are comprehensively discussed. The review encompasses four major wear conditions: sliding, solid-particle erosion, machining or cutting, and impact (energy absorbing). Furthermore, it explores how topographies and their design parameters can provide tailored responses (multifunctionality) under specified tribological conditions. Additionally, an interdisciplinary perspective on the future potential of bioinspired materials and structures with enhanced wear resistance is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.R.); (H.S.M.); (N.K.); (I.H.)
| | - Mansoureh Rezapourian
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.R.); (H.S.M.); (N.K.); (I.H.)
| | - Ramin Rahmani
- CiTin–Centro de Interface Tecnológico Industrial, 4970-786 Arcos de Valdevez, Portugal;
- proMetheus–Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo (IPVC), 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Himanshu S. Maurya
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.R.); (H.S.M.); (N.K.); (I.H.)
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Nikhil Kamboj
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.R.); (H.S.M.); (N.K.); (I.H.)
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
- TCBC–Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre, Department of Biomaterials Science, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Irina Hussainova
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (M.R.); (H.S.M.); (N.K.); (I.H.)
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Babatain W, Buttner U, El-Atab N, Hussain MM. Graphene and Liquid Metal Integrated Multifunctional Wearable Platform for Monitoring Motion and Human-Machine Interfacing. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20305-20317. [PMID: 36201180 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Motion sensors are an essential component of many electronic systems. However, the development of inertial motion sensors based on fatigue-free soft proof mass has not been explored extensively in the field of soft electronics. Nontoxic gallium-based liquid metals are an emerging class of material that exhibit attractive electromechanical properties, making them excellent proof mass materials for inertial sensors. Here, we propose and demonstrate a fully soft laser-induced graphene (LIG) and liquid metal-based inertial sensor integrated with temperature, humidity, and breathing sensors. The inertial sensor design confines a graphene-coated liquid metal droplet inside a fluidic channel, rolling over LIG resistive electrode. The proposed sensor architecture and material realize a highly mobile proof mass and a vibrational space for its oscillation. The inertial sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 6.52% m-1 s2 and excellent repeatability (over 12 500 cycles). The platform is fabricated using a scalable, rapid laser writing technique and integrated with a programmable system on a chip (PSoC) to function as a stand-alone system for real-time wireless monitoring of movement patterns and the control of a robotic arm. The developed printed inertial platform is an excellent candidate for the next-generation of wearables motion tracking platforms and soft human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wedyan Babatain
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ulrich Buttner
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazek El-Atab
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Mustafa Hussain
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
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Band bending and effective index in the engineered Mach–Zehnder interferometer-based electrolytic sensor. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Yu K, Ji X, Yuan T, Cheng Y, Li J, Hu X, Liu Z, Zhou X, Fang L. Robust Jumping Actuator with a Shrimp-Shell Architecture. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104558. [PMID: 34514641 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is highly desirable to develop compact- and robust-film jumping robots that can withstand severe conditions. Besides, the demands for strong actuation force, large bending curvature in a short response time, and good environmental tolerance are significant challenges to the material design. To address these challenges, this paper reports the fabrication of a thin-film jumping actuator, which exhibits a shrimp-shell architecture, from a conjugated ladder polymer (cLP) that is connected by carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets. The hierarchical porous structure ensures the fast absorption and desorption of organic vapor, thereby achieving a high response rate. The actuator does not exhibit shape distortion at temperatures of up to 225 °C and in concentrated sulfuric acid, as well as when immersed in many organic solvents. This work avails a new design strategy for high-performance actuators that function under harsh and complicated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaozhou Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Tianyu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Department of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Rad ZJ, Lehtiö JP, Mack I, Rosta K, Chen K, Vähänissi V, Punkkinen M, Punkkinen R, Hedman HP, Pavlov A, Kuzmin M, Savin H, Laukkanen P, Kokko K. Decreasing Interface Defect Densities via Silicon Oxide Passivation at Temperatures Below 450 °C. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46933-46941. [PMID: 32960564 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature (LT) passivation methods (<450 °C) for decreasing defect densities in the material combination of silica (SiOx) and silicon (Si) are relevant to develop diverse technologies (e.g., electronics, photonics, medicine), where defects of SiOx/Si cause losses and malfunctions. Many device structures contain the SiOx/Si interface(s), of which defect densities cannot be decreased by the traditional, beneficial high temperature treatment (>700 °C). Therefore, the LT passivation of SiOx/Si has long been a research topic to improve application performance. Here, we demonstrate that an LT (<450 °C) ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) treatment is a potential method that can be combined with current state-of-the-art processes in a scalable way, to decrease the defect densities at the SiOx/Si interfaces. The studied LT-UHV approach includes a combination of wet chemistry followed by UHV-based heating and preoxidation of silicon surfaces. The controlled oxidation during the LT-UHV treatment is found to provide an until now unreported crystalline Si oxide phase. This crystalline SiOx phase can explain the observed decrease in the defect density by half. Furthermore, the LT-UHV treatment can be applied in a complementary, post-treatment way to ready components to decrease electrical losses. The LT-UHV treatment has been found to decrease the detector leakage current by a factor of 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jahanshah Rad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Lehtiö
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Iris Mack
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kawa Rosta
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kexun Chen
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ville Vähänissi
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Marko Punkkinen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Risto Punkkinen
- Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Hannu-Pekka Hedman
- Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Andrei Pavlov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikhail Kuzmin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation
| | - Hele Savin
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Pekka Laukkanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kalevi Kokko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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