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Owsianik K, Różycka-Sokołowska E, Bałczewski P. O,S-Acetals in a New Modification of oxo-Friedel-Crafts-Bradsher Cyclization-Synthesis of Fluorescent (Hetero)acenes and Mechanistic Considerations. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062474. [PMID: 36985445 PMCID: PMC10051591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the use of O,S-acetals in a new modification of the oxo-Friedel-Crafts-Bradsher cyclization. In this reaction, under mild reaction conditions (25 °C), three- and four-ring fused RO-acenes (major) and/or HO(CH2)2S-acenes (minor) are formed, the latter products having never been observed before in this type of cyclization. In this way, two electronically different fluorophores could be obtained in a single cyclization reaction, one of them having strong electron donor properties (+M effect of alkoxy groups) and the other having donor-acceptor properties (+M and -I effects of the HO(CH2)2S-group, Hammett's constants). Further increasing the reaction temperature, HCl concentration or prolonging reaction time, surprisingly, yielded a 2:1 mixture of cis and trans dimeric isomers, as the only products of this cyclization. The DFT calculations confirmed a greater stability of the cis isomer compared to the trans isomer. The formation of unexpected dimeric products and HO(CH2)2S-acenes sheds light on the mechanism of oxo-Friedel-Crafts-Bradsher cyclization, involving competitive O/S atom protonation in strained O,S-acetals and in strain-free side groups of intermediate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Owsianik
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Ewa Różycka-Sokołowska
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Piotr Bałczewski
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland
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Han P, Xia E, Qin A, Tang BZ. Adjustable and smart AIEgens for nondoped blue and deep blue organic light-emitting diodes. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhu L, Sha C, Lv A, Xie W, Shen K, Chen Y, Xie G, Ma H, Li H, Hang XC. Tetradentate Pt(II) Complexes with Peripheral Hindrances for Highly Efficient Solution-Processed Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10402-10409. [PMID: 35758415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two tetradentate Pt(II) complexes with peripheral bulky-group hindrances [Pt(pzpyOczpy-B1) and Pt(pzpyOczpy-B2)] were synthesized and fully investigated for their structural and blue phosphorescent properties. Both X-ray crystallography and computational simulation revealed that bulky substituents incorporated into the C-pyrazolyl and C-pyridinyl positions lie out of the cyclometallated plane, thus alleviating the intramolecular distortions as well as reducing the intermolecular interaction in the solid state. In dichloromethane, their emission peaks at 460 nm with a narrow full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of less than 50 nm, and the photoluminescent quantum yields are over 95% with short decay lifetimes (<5 μs). Solution-processed blue devices are fabricated based on the two complexes. Device A based on Pt(pzpyOczpy-B1) shows excellent electroluminescent performances with the maximum current efficiency, power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency of 47.0 cd/A, 24.6 lm/W, and 22.9%, respectively. The understanding on inert peripheral hindrances provides an effective approach to designing Pt(II) complexes for high-quality blue phosphorescent emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chenwei Sha
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Anqi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yumeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Yanshan Branch of Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Sinopec, Beijing 102500, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Hang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
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Chan CY, Lee YT, Mamada M, Goushi K, Tsuchiya Y, Nakanotani H, Adachi C. Carbazole-2-carbonitrile as an acceptor in deep-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for narrowing charge-transfer emissions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7821-7828. [PMID: 35865880 PMCID: PMC9258325 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02478k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reports a new acceptor for constructing donor–acceptor type (D–A type) blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters with narrowed charge-transfer (CT) emissions. A new acceptor core, carbazole-2-carbonitrile (CCN), is formed by the fusion of carbazole and benzonitrile. Three D–A type TADF emitters based on the CCN acceptor, namely 3CzCCN, 3MeCzCCN, and 3PhCzCCN, have been successfully synthesized and characterized. These emitters show deep-blue emissions from 439 to 457 nm with high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 85% in degassed toluene solutions. Interestingly, all CCN-based deep-blue TADF emitters result in narrow CT emissions with full-width at half-maximums (FWHMs) of less than 50 nm in toluene solutions, which are pretty narrower compared with those of typical D–A type TADF emitters. Devices based on these emitters show high maximum external quantum efficiencies of up to 17.5%. Deep-blue donor–acceptor thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters based on carbazole-2-carbonitrile are synthesized, resulting in narrow emission with full-width at half-maximums of less than 50 nm and a maximum OLED EQE of up to 17.5%.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yiu Chan
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yi-Ting Lee
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Masashi Mamada
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Kenichi Goushi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hajime Nakanotani
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan .,International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER), Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan .,International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER), Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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Yang F, Zheng X, Hu Q, Hu Y, Lei Y, Zhu W. Epoxyanthracene Derivatives and Dicarbonylation on Benzene Ring via Hexadehydro-Diels–Alder (HDDA) Derived Benzynes with Oxazoles. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1659-8167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA capture reaction of hexadehydro-Diels–Alder (HDDA) derived benzyne with various substituted oxazoles is reported. With methyl, hydrogen, or phenyl as the substituent at 2-position of oxazole, tetraynes afforded epoxyanthracene derivatives or underwent dicarbonylation on benzene ring. The reaction does not require any catalyst or additive. The mechanism behind the reaction was investigated. The obtained polycyclic product structure has potential application value in optoelectronic materials. The availability of dicarbonylated arene implies the uniqueness of HDDA benzyne reaction compared with traditional benzyne.
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Han P, Lin C, Wang K, Qiu Y, Wu H, Qin A, Ma D, Tang BZ. Aggregation-induced emission luminogen with excellent triplet-triplet upconversion efficiency for highly efficient non-doped blue organic light-emitting diodes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:376-382. [PMID: 34545892 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01129d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
By combining aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect and a triplet-triplet upconversion (TTU) process, a blue emitter with excellent photoluminescence quantum efficiency and high upconversion efficiency in the film state is developed, from which a highly efficient non-doped blue TTU organic light-emitting diode (TTU-OLED) was realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
| | - Chengwei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
| | - Kaojin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
| | - Yanping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
| | - Haozhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
| | - Dongge Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Aggregate Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong 518172, China.
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Liu M, Wei Y, Ou Q, Yu P, Wang G, Duan Y, Geng H, Peng Q, Shuai Z, Liao Y. Molecular Design Strategy for Simultaneously Strong Luminescence and High Mobility: Multichannel CH-π Interaction. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:938-946. [PMID: 33439658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is a big challenge to achieve high-performance organic semiconductor materials integrating both high luminescence efficiency and carrier mobility, because they are commonly regarded as a pair of contradiction. Here, combining a tight-binding model and density functional theory/time-dependent density functional theory, we propose a theoretical protocol to characterize the luminescence efficiency via an excitonic effective mass and charge transport ability via charge effective mass at the same level. Applying this protocol to a series of organic semiconductor materials, we find that the multichannel CH-π interaction can induce a heavy excitonic effective mass and light charge effective mass, which effectively balance the light-emitting efficiency and carrier mobility. Thus, a practical molecular design strategy is figured out to exploit novel organic semiconductor materials with strong luminescence and fast carrier transport simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuling Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qi Ou
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peiyi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Guo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuai Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hua Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qian Peng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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8
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Structural Controls of Tetraphenylbenzene-based AIEgens for Non-doped Deep Blue Organic Light-emitting Diodes. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-0403-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Meindl B, Pfennigbauer K, Stöger B, Heeney M, Glöcklhofer F. Double Ring-Closing Approach for the Synthesis of 2,3,6,7-Substituted Anthracene Derivatives. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8240-8244. [PMID: 32447951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of 2,3,6,7-substituted anthracene derivatives, one of the most challenging anthracene substitution patterns to obtain, is presented. The method is exemplified by the preparation of 2,3,6,7-anthracenetetracarbonitrile and employs a newly developed, stable, protected 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarbaldehyde as the precursor. The precursor can be obtained in two scalable synthetic steps from 2,5-dibromoterephthalaldehyde and is converted into the anthracene derivative by a double intermolecular Wittig reaction under very mild conditions, followed by a deprotection and intramolecular double ring-closing condensation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Meindl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Katharina Pfennigbauer
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Berthold Stöger
- X-Ray Center, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Glöcklhofer
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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