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Emerging applications of site-directed spin labeling electron paramagnetic resonance (SDSL-EPR) to study food protein structure, dynamics, and interaction. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Farmakes J, Schuster I, Overby A, Alhalhooly L, Lenertz M, Li Q, Ugrinov A, Choi Y, Pan Y, Yang Z. Enzyme Immobilization on Graphite Oxide (GO) Surface via One-Pot Synthesis of GO/Metal-Organic Framework Composites for Large-Substrate Biocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:23119-23126. [PMID: 32338863 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although enzyme immobilization has improved many areas, biocatalysis involving large-size substrates is still challenging for immobilization platform design because of the protein damage under the often "harsh" reaction conditions required for these reactions. Our recent efforts indicate the potential of using Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) to partially confine enzymes on the surface of MOF-based composites while offering sufficient substrate contact. Still, improvements are required to expand the feasible pH range and the efficiency of contacting substrates. In this contribution, we discovered that Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF) and a new calcium-carboxylate based MOF (CaBDC) can both be coprecipitated with a model large-substrate enzyme, lysozyme (lys), to anchor the enzyme on the surface of graphite oxide (GO). We observed lys activity against its native substrate, bacterial cell walls, indicating lys was confined on composite surface. Remarkably, lys@GO/CaBDC displayed a stronger catalytic efficiency at pH 6.2 as compared to pH 7.4, indicating CaBDC is a good candidate for biocatalysis under acidic conditions as compared to ZIFs which disassemble under pH < 7. Furthermore, to understand the regions of lys being exposed to the reaction medium, we carried out a site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy study. Our data showed a preferential orientation of lys in GO/ZIF composite, whereas a random orientation in GO/CaBDC. This is the first report on immobilizing solution-state large-substrate enzymes on GO surface using two different MOFs via one-pot synthesis. These platforms can be generalized to other large-substrate enzymes to carry out catalysis under the optimal buffer/pH conditions. The orientation of enzyme at the molecular level on composite surfaces is critical for guiding the rational design of new composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Farmakes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Isabelle Schuster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Amanda Overby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Lina Alhalhooly
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Mary Lenertz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Qiaobin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Angel Ugrinov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Yongki Choi
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Yanxiong Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Zhongyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
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