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Dubey AK, Mostafavi E. Biomaterials-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 delivery: recent challenges and opportunities in gene therapy. Front Chem 2023; 11:1259435. [PMID: 37841202 PMCID: PMC10568484 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1259435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biomaterials in delivering CRISPR/Cas9 for gene therapy in infectious diseases holds tremendous potential. This innovative approach combines the advantages of CRISPR/Cas9 with the protective properties of biomaterials, enabling accurate and efficient gene editing while enhancing safety. Biomaterials play a vital role in shielding CRISPR/Cas9 components, such as lipid nanoparticles or viral vectors, from immunological processes and degradation, extending their effectiveness. By utilizing the flexibility of biomaterials, tailored systems can be designed to address specific genetic diseases, paving the way for personalized therapeutics. Furthermore, this delivery method offers promising avenues in combating viral illnesses by precisely modifying pathogen genomes, and reducing their pathogenicity. Biomaterials facilitate site-specific gene modifications, ensuring effective delivery to infected cells while minimizing off-target effects. However, challenges remain, including optimizing delivery efficiency, reducing off-target effects, ensuring long-term safety, and establishing scalable production techniques. Thorough research, pre-clinical investigations, and rigorous safety evaluations are imperative for successful translation from the laboratory to clinical applications. In this review, we discussed how CRISPR/Cas9 delivery using biomaterials revolutionizes gene therapy and infectious disease treatment, offering precise and safe editing capabilities with the potential to significantly improve human health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Dubey
- Global Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
- Institute of Scholars, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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2
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Gerling-Driessen UIM, Hoffmann M, Schmidt S, Snyder NL, Hartmann L. Glycopolymers against pathogen infection. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2617-2642. [PMID: 36820794 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites continue to shape our lives in profound ways every day. As we have learned to live in parallel with pathogens, we have gained a better understanding of the rules of engagement for how they bind, adhere, and invade host cells. One such mechanism involves the exploitation of host cell surface glycans for attachment/adhesion, one of the first steps of infection. This knowledge has led to the development of glycan-based diagnostics and therapeutics for the treatment and prevention of infection. One class of compounds that has become increasingly important are the glycopolymers. Glycopolymers are macromolecules composed of a synthetic scaffold presenting carbohydrates as side chain motifs. Glycopolymers are particularly attractive because their properties can be tuned by careful choice of the scaffold, carbohydrate/glycan, and overall presentation. In this review, we highlight studies over the past ten years that have examined the role of glycopolymers in pathogen adhesion and host cell infection, biofilm formation and removal, and drug delivery with the aim of examining the direct effects of these macromolecules on pathogen engagement. In addition, we also examine the role of glycopolymers as diagnostics for the detection and monitoring of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla I M Gerling-Driessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Miriam Hoffmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole L Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, USA
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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3
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Ogawa S. Aqueous Sugar-Based Amphiphile Systems: Recent Advances in Phase Behavior and Nanoarchitectonics. J Oleo Sci 2023; 72:489-499. [PMID: 37121675 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, numerous fascinating molecular assemblies are used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Sugar-based amphiphiles are representative constituents of these molecular assemblies. Despite numerous studies on these generic compounds, many aspects remain unexplored even in aqueous systems. In this review, molecular assembly studies of sugar-based amphiphiles in aqueous systems are summarized. First, recent advances in molecular assembly studies, including the glassy state of lyotropic and thermotropic liquid crystalline (LC) phases, modulated crystal phases, and coagels consisting of nanofibers of alkyl β-D-glycosides, are presented. Second, research on thermotropic LC phases under desiccated conditions of trehalose fatty acid monoesters to clarify the fundamental behaviors of the glassy state and their use as stabilizers of glass-forming surfactants for pharmaceutical applications are discussed. Several effective X-ray analytical approaches are included to identify or clarify these phenomena, unknown or unsolved for a long time. Third, a comprehensive analysis of vitamin E (tocopherol)-cyclodextrin in aqueous systems is presented. Along with these topics, the importance of investigating stabilizer-free functional components, considered minor components, is highlighted. These unveiled phenomena or concepts will contribute to the development of nanoarchitectonics covering the self-assembly and selforganization of soft molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigesaburo Ogawa
- Faculty of Bio-industry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido-Okhotsk Campus
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Dey A, Haldar U, Rajasekhar T, Ghosh P, Faust R, De P. Polyisobutylene-based glycopolymers as potent inhibitors for in vitro insulin aggregation. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9446-9456. [PMID: 36345931 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01856j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A family of amphiphilic diblock copolymers containing a hydrophobic polyisobutylene (PIB, Mn = 1000 g mol-1) segment and a hydrophilic block with sugar pendants has been synthesized by combining living cationic and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization techniques; to explore their potential in insulin fibrillation inhibition. The glucose content in the hydrophilic segment has been tailor-made from 20 to 57 units to prepare block copolymers. The removal of the acetates from the pendent glucose units resulted in amphiphilic block copolymers that generated micellar aggregates in aqueous media. The treatment of insulin with these block copolymers affected the fibril formation process which was demonstrated using an array of biophysical techniques, namely, thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence, tyrosine (Tyr) fluorescence, Nile red (NR) fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), etc. The Tyr fluorescence assay and NR fluorescence study revealed the crucial role of hydrophobic interaction in the inhibition process, whereas ITC measurements confirmed the importance of polar interaction. Thus, the block copolymers exhibit potent inhibition of insulin fibrillation owing to hydrophobic (from PIB segment) and glycosidic cluster effect (from sugar pendant block).
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Dey
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur - 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ujjal Haldar
- Polymer Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
| | - Tota Rajasekhar
- Polymer Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur - 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
| | - Rudolf Faust
- Polymer Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur - 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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Barchi JJ. Glycoconjugate Nanoparticle-Based Systems in Cancer Immunotherapy: Novel Designs and Recent Updates. Front Immunol 2022; 13:852147. [PMID: 35432351 PMCID: PMC9006936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.852147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, cell-surface glycans (in particular, Tumor-Associated Carbohydrate Antigens, TACAs) have been the target of both passive and active anticancer immunotherapeutic design. Recent advances in immunotherapy as a treatment for a variety of malignancies has revolutionized anti-tumor treatment regimens. Checkpoint inhibitors, Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cells, Oncolytic virus therapy, monoclonal antibodies and vaccines have been developed and many approvals have led to remarkable outcomes in a subset of patients. However, many of these therapies are very selective for specific patient populations and hence the search for improved therapeutics and refinement of techniques for delivery are ongoing and fervent research areas. Most of these agents are directed at protein/peptide epitopes, but glycans-based targets are gaining in popularity, and a handful of approved immunotherapies owe their activity to oligosaccharide targets. In addition, nanotechnology and nanoparticle-derived systems can help improve the delivery of these agents to specific organs and cell types based on tumor-selective approaches. This review will first outline some of the historical beginnings of this research area and subsequently concentrate on the last 5 years of work. Based on the progress in therapeutic design, predictions can be made as to what the future holds for increasing the percentage of positive patient outcomes for optimized systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Barchi
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
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Panggabean JA, Adiguna SP, Rahmawati SI, Ahmadi P, Zainuddin EN, Bayu A, Putra MY. Antiviral Activities of Algal-Based Sulfated Polysaccharides. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041178. [PMID: 35208968 PMCID: PMC8874489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An antiviral agent is urgently needed based on the high probability of the emergence and re-emergence of future viral disease, highlighted by the recent global COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence may be seen in the discovery of the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and recently discovered Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2. The need for strategies besides testing and isolation, social distancing, and vaccine development is clear. One of the strategies includes searching for an antiviral agent that provides effective results without toxicity, which is well-presented by significant results for carrageenan nasal spray in providing efficacy against human coronavirus-infected patients. As the primary producer of sulfated polysaccharides, marine plants, including macro- and microalgae, offer versatility in culture, production, and post-isolation development in obtaining the needed antiviral agent. Therefore, this review will describe an attempt to highlight the search for practical and safe antiviral agents from algal-based sulfated polysaccharides and to unveil their features for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ardhianto Panggabean
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (J.A.P.); (S.P.A.)
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
| | - Sya’ban Putra Adiguna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (J.A.P.); (S.P.A.)
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
| | - Siti Irma Rahmawati
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
| | - Peni Ahmadi
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (E.N.Z.); (A.B.); (M.Y.P.)
| | - Elmi Nurhaidah Zainuddin
- Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
- Center of Excellent for Development and Utilization of Seaweed, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (E.N.Z.); (A.B.); (M.Y.P.)
| | - Asep Bayu
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (E.N.Z.); (A.B.); (M.Y.P.)
| | - Masteria Yunovilsa Putra
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Research Organization for Life Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (E.N.Z.); (A.B.); (M.Y.P.)
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Chen J, Bao C, Han R, Li GZ, Zheng Z, Wang Y, Zhang Q. From poly(vinylimidazole) to cationic glycopolymers and glyco-particles: effective antibacterial agents with enhanced biocompatibility and selectivity. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01711j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cationic glycopolymers have attracted great attention as a new type of antibacterial material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Institute of Polymer Ecomaterials, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Bao
- Institute of Polymer Ecomaterials, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Rui Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Guang-Zhao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Zhaoquan Zheng
- Institute of Polymer Ecomaterials, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Polymer Ecomaterials, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Ecomaterials, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
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Gandini A, M. Lacerda T. Monomers and Macromolecular Materials from Renewable Resources: State of the Art and Perspectives. Molecules 2021; 27:159. [PMID: 35011391 PMCID: PMC8746301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A progressively increasing concern about the environmental impacts of the whole polymer industry has boosted the design of less aggressive technologies that allow for the maximum use of carbon atoms, and reduced dependence on the fossil platform. Progresses related to the former approach are mostly based on the concept of the circular economy, which aims at a thorough use of raw materials, from production to disposal. The latter, however, has been considered a priority nowadays, as short-term biological processes can efficiently provide a myriad of chemicals for the polymer industry. Polymers from renewable resources are widely established in research and technology facilities from all over the world, and a broader consolidation of such materials is expected in a near future. Herein, an up-to-date overview of the most recent and relevant contributions dedicated to the production of monomers and polymers from biomass is presented. We provide some basic issues related to the preparation of polymers from renewable resources to discuss ongoing strategies that can be used to achieve original polymers and systems thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gandini
- Graduate School of Engineering in Paper, Print Media and Biomaterials (Grenoble INP-Pagora), University Grenoble Alpes, LGP2, CEDEX 9, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères, France
| | - Talita M. Lacerda
- Biotechnology Department, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena CEP 12602-810, SP, Brazil;
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Kashapov R, Ibragimova A, Pavlov R, Gabdrakhmanov D, Kashapova N, Burilova E, Zakharova L, Sinyashin O. Nanocarriers for Biomedicine: From Lipid Formulations to Inorganic and Hybrid Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7055. [PMID: 34209023 PMCID: PMC8269010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Encapsulation of cargoes in nanocontainers is widely used in different fields to solve the problems of their solubility, homogeneity, stability, protection from unwanted chemical and biological destructive effects, and functional activity improvement. This approach is of special importance in biomedicine, since this makes it possible to reduce the limitations of drug delivery related to the toxicity and side effects of therapeutics, their low bioavailability and biocompatibility. This review highlights current progress in the use of lipid systems to deliver active substances to the human body. Various lipid compositions modified with amphiphilic open-chain and macrocyclic compounds, peptide molecules and alternative target ligands are discussed. Liposome modification also evolves by creating new hybrid structures consisting of organic and inorganic parts. Such nanohybrid platforms include cerasomes, which are considered as alternative nanocarriers allowing to reduce inherent limitations of lipid nanoparticles. Compositions based on mesoporous silica are beginning to acquire no less relevance due to their unique features, such as advanced porous properties, well-proven drug delivery efficiency and their versatility for creating highly efficient nanomaterials. The types of silica nanoparticles, their efficacy in biomedical applications and hybrid inorganic-polymer platforms are the subject of discussion in this review, with current challenges emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Kashapov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Street 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia; (A.I.); (R.P.); (D.G.); (N.K.); (E.B.); (L.Z.); (O.S.)
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