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Pierfelice TV, D'Amico E, Petrini M, Romano M, D'Arcangelo C, Sbordone L, Barone A, Plebani R, Iezzi G. A Systematic Review on Organ-on-a-Chip in PDMS or Hydrogel in Dentistry: An Update of the Literature. Gels 2024; 10:102. [PMID: 38391432 PMCID: PMC10887950 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Organs-on-a-chip (OoCs) are microfluidic devices constituted by PDMS or hydrogel in which different layers of cells are separated by a semipermeable membrane. This technology can set many parameters, like fluid shear stress, chemical concentration gradient, tissue-organ interface, and cell interaction. The use of these devices in medical research permits the investigation of cell patterning, tissue-material interface, and organ-organ interaction, mimicking the complex structures and microenvironment of human and animal bodies. This technology allows us to reconstitute in vitro complex conditions that recapitulate in vivo environments. One of the main advantages of these systems is that they represent a very realistic model that, in many cases, can replace animal experimentation, eliminating costs and related ethical issues. Organ-on-a-chip can also contain bacteria or cancer cells. This technology could be beneficial in dentistry for testing novel antibacterial substances and biomaterials, performing studies on inflammatory disease, or planning preclinical studies. A significant number of publications and reviews have been published on this topic. Still, to our knowledge, they mainly focus on the materials used for fabrication and the different patterns of the chip applied to the experimentations. This review presents the most recent applications of organ-on-a-chip models in dentistry, starting from the reconstituted dental tissues to their clinical applications and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Vanessa Pierfelice
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Emira D'Amico
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Morena Petrini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Romano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Camillo D'Arcangelo
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ludovico Sbordone
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio Barone
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathologies and of the Critical Needs, School of Dentistry, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Complex Unit of Stomatology and Oral Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Plebani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Adelfio M, Martin‐Moldes Z, Erndt‐Marino J, Tozzi L, Duncan MJ, Hasturk H, Kaplan DL, Ghezzi CE. Three-Dimensional Humanized Model of the Periodontal Gingival Pocket to Study Oral Microbiome. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205473. [PMID: 36825685 PMCID: PMC10131835 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity contains distinct microenvironments that serve as oral barriers, such as the non-shedding surface of the teeth (e.g., enamel), the epithelial mucosa and gingival tissue (attached gingiva) where microbial communities coexist. The interactions and balances between these communities are responsible for oral tissue homeostasis or dysbiosis, that ultimately dictate health or disease. Disruption of this equilibrium can lead to chronic inflammation and permanent tissue damage in the case of chronic periodontitis. There are currently no experimental tissue models able to mimic the structural, physical, and metabolic conditions present in the human oral gingival tissue to support the long-term investigation of host-pathogens imbalances. Herein, the authors report an in vitro 3D anatomical gingival tissue model, fabricated from silk biopolymer by casting a replica mold of an adult human mandibular gingiva to recreate a tooth-gum unit. The model is based on human primary cultures that recapitulate physiological tissue organization, as well as a native oxygen gradient within the gingival pocket to support human subgingival plaque microbiome with a physiologically relevant level of microbial diversity up to 24 h. The modulation of inflammatory markers in the presence of oral microbiome indicates the humanized functional response of this model and establishes a new set of tools to investigate host-pathogen imbalances in gingivitis and periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Adelfio
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA01854USA
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Tozzi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
| | | | - Hatice Hasturk
- Center for Clinical and Translational ResearchThe Forsyth InstituteCambridgeMA02142USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
| | - Chiara E. Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA01854USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
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