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Hernandez JL, Woodrow KA. Medical Applications of Porous Biomaterials: Features of Porosity and Tissue-Specific Implications for Biocompatibility. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102087. [PMID: 35137550 PMCID: PMC9081257 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Porosity is an important material feature commonly employed in implants and tissue scaffolds. The presence of material voids permits the infiltration of cells, mechanical compliance, and outward diffusion of pharmaceutical agents. Various studies have confirmed that porosity indeed promotes favorable tissue responses, including minimal fibrous encapsulation during the foreign body reaction (FBR). However, increased biofilm formation and calcification is also described to arise due to biomaterial porosity. Additionally, the relevance of host responses like the FBR, infection, calcification, and thrombosis are dependent on tissue location and specific tissue microenvironment. In this review, the features of porous materials and the implications of porosity in the context of medical devices is discussed. Common methods to create porous materials are also discussed, as well as the parameters that are used to tune pore features. Responses toward porous biomaterials are also reviewed, including the various stages of the FBR, hemocompatibility, biofilm formation, and calcification. Finally, these host responses are considered in tissue specific locations including the subcutis, bone, cardiovascular system, brain, eye, and female reproductive tract. The effects of porosity across the various tissues of the body is highlighted and the need to consider the tissue context when engineering biomaterials is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Hernandez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kim A Woodrow
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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2
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López-López N, Muñoz Resta I, de Llanos R, Miravet JF, Mikhaylov M, Sokolov MN, Ballesta S, García-Luque I, Galindo F. Photodynamic Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms Using a Hexanuclear Molybdenum Complex Embedded in Transparent polyHEMA Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6995-7003. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia López-López
- Departamento de Química Inórganica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Ignacio Muñoz Resta
- Departamento de Química Inórganica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Rosa de Llanos
- Unidad Predepartamental de Medicina, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan F. Miravet
- Departamento de Química Inórganica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Maxim Mikhaylov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Prosp., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maxim N. Sokolov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Prosp., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sofía Ballesta
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. De Sanchéz Pizjuán s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI RD16/0016/0001), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel García-Luque
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. De Sanchéz Pizjuán s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI RD16/0016/0001), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Galindo
- Departamento de Química Inórganica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
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Zhou J, Zhang S, Song X, Wei R, Zhang X, Zhao W, Zhao C. Three-Dimensional Graphene Oxide Skeleton Guided Poly(acrylic Acid) Composite Hydrogel Particles with Hierarchical Pore Structure for Hemoperfusion. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3987-4001. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jukai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shuqing Zhang
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
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Xu T, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Zhao W, Pan C, Ma H, Zhang L. A poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-Ag nanoparticle porous hydrogel for simultaneous in vivo prevention of the foreign-body reaction and bacterial infection. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:395101. [PMID: 29989569 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of implants or indwelling medical devices has greatly enhanced the quality and efficacy of health care. However, foreign-body reactions (FBRs) and infections can lead to potential failure or removal of the devices, or increased morbidity and mortality of patients. Herein, we develop a silver nanoparticle (AgNP) loaded poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel with spherical, interconnected 40 μm pores. The resulting hydrogels displayed good antibacterial properties regarding both gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli (E. coli)) in vitro and were highly efficient at inhibiting bacterial cell growth. Moreover, they exhibited an in vivo resistance to FBRs by reducing the immune responses, and completely prevented the formation of collagen capsules. Finally, in vivo studies of the E. coli infected mouse model demonstrated that the AgNP loaded porous hydrogels were highly efficient at resisting the bacterial FBRs and infections, while they promoted cell mitigation and infiltration. Findings from this work suggest that AgNP loaded porous hydrogels hold promise in various biomedical applications including in the new generation of implantable biomedical devices and tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China. Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
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Paljevac M, Gradišnik L, Lipovšek S, Maver U, Kotek J, Krajnc P. Multiple-Level Porous Polymer Monoliths with Interconnected Cellular Topology Prepared by Combining Hard Sphere and Emulsion Templating for Use in Bone Tissue Engineering. Macromol Biosci 2017; 18. [PMID: 29205840 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A combination of hard sphere and high internal phase emulsion templating gives a platform for synthesizing hierarchically porous polymers with a unique topology exhibiting interconnected spherical features on multiple levels. Polymeric spheres are fused by thermal sintering to create a 3D monolithic structure while an emulsion with a high proportion of internal phase and monomers in the continuous phase is added to the voids of the previously constructed monolith. Following polymerization of the emulsion and dissolution of the templating structure, a down-replicating topology is created with a primary level of pores as a result of fused spheres of the 3D monolithic structure, a secondary level of pores resulting from the emulsion's internal phase, and a tertiary level of interconnecting channels. Thiol-ene chemistry with divinyladipate and pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) is used to demonstrate the preparation of a crosslinked polyester with overall porosity close to 90%. Due to multilevel porosity, such materials are interesting for applications in bone tissue engineering, possibly simulating the native sponge like bone structure. Their potential to promote ossteointegration is tested using human bone derived osteoblasts. Material-cell interactions are evaluated and they reveal growth and proliferation of osteoblasts both on surface and in the bulk of the scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzafera Paljevac
- PolyOrgLab, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Gradišnik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Saška Lipovšek
- PolyOrgLab, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.,Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Maver
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jiři Kotek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Heyrovského námesti 2, 16206, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Krajnc
- PolyOrgLab, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
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Blakney AK, Simonovsky FI, Suydam IT, Ratner BD, Woodrow KA. Rapidly Biodegrading PLGA-Polyurethane Fibers for Sustained Release of Physicochemically Diverse Drugs. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1595-1607. [PMID: 28989956 PMCID: PMC5630182 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sustained release of physicochemically diverse drugs from electrospun fibers remains a challenge and precludes the use of fibers in many medical applications. Here, we synthesize a new class of polyurethanes with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) moieties that degrade faster than polyurethanes based on polycaprolactone. The new polymers, with varying hard to soft segment ratios and fluorobenzene pendant group content, were electrospun into nanofibers and loaded with four physicochemically diverse small molecule drugs. Polymers were characterized using GPC, XPS, and 19F NMR. The size and morphology of electrospun fibers were visualized using SEM, and drug/polymer compatibility and drug crystallinity were evaluated using DSC. We measured in vitro drug release, polymer degradation and cell-culture cytotoxicity of biodegradation products. We show that these newly synthesized PLGA-based polyurethanes degrade up to 65-80% within 4 weeks and are cytocompatible in vitro. The drug-loaded electrospun fibers were amorphous solid dispersions. We found that increasing the hard to soft segment ratio of the polymer enhances the sustained release of positively charged drugs, whereas increasing the fluorobenzene pendant content caused more rapid release of some drugs. In summary, increasing the hard segment or fluorobenzene pendant content of segmented polyurethanes containing PLGA moieties allows for modulation of physicochemically diverse drug release from electrospun fibers while maintaining a biologically relevant biodegradation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Blakney
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Felix I. Simonovsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ian T. Suydam
- Department of Chemistry, Seattle University, 901 12th Ave., Seattle, Washington 98122, United States
| | - Buddy D. Ratner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kim A. Woodrow
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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