1
|
Li H, Li M, Ran X, Cui J, Wei F, Yi G, Chen W, Luo X, Chen Z. The Role of Zinc in Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation. Cell Reprogram 2022; 24:80-94. [PMID: 35172118 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2021.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element for bone growth and bone homeostasis in the human body. Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are multipotent progenitors existing in the bone marrow stroma with the capability of differentiating along multiple lineage pathways. Zinc plays a paramount role in BMSCs, which can be spurred differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, or adipocytes, and modulates the formation and activity of osteoclasts. The expression of related genes also changed during the differentiation of various cell phenotypes. Based on the important role of zinc in BMSC differentiation, using zinc as a therapeutic approach for bone remodeling will be a promising method. This review explores the role of zinc ion in the differentiation of BMSCs into various cell phenotypes and outlines the existing research on their molecular mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Muzhe Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xun Ran
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Juncheng Cui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Fu Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Guoliang Yi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xuling Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wen Y, Liu Q, Wang J, Yang Q, Zhao W, Qiao B, Li Y, Jiang D. Improving in vitro and in vivo corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of Mg-1Zn-1Sn alloys by microalloying with Sr. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4654-4669. [PMID: 34095623 PMCID: PMC8164010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have attracted attention as potential biodegradable materials in orthopedics due to their mechanical and physical properties, which are compatible with those of human bone. However, the effect of the mismatch between the rapid material degradation and fracture healing caused by the adverse effect of hydrogen (H2), which is generated during degradation, on surrounding bone tissue has severely restricted the application of Mg and its alloys. Thus, the development of new Mg alloys to achieve ideal degradation rates, H2 evolution and mechanical properties is necessary. Herein, a novel Mg-1Zn-1Sn-xSr (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 wt%) quaternary alloy was developed, and the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior and biocompatibility in vitro/vivo were investigated. The results demonstrated that a minor amount of strontium (Sr) (0.2 wt %) enhanced the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of Mg-1Zn-1Sn alloy through grain refinement and second phase strengthening. Simultaneously, due to the high hydrogen overpotential of tin (Sn), the H2 release of the alloys was significantly reduced. Furthermore, Sr-containing Mg-1Zn-1Sn-based alloys significantly enhanced the viability, adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro due to their unique biological activity and the ability to spontaneously form a network structure layer with micro/nanotopography. A low corrosion rate and improved biocompatibility were also maintained in a rat subcutaneous implantation model. However, excessive Sr (>0.2 wt %) led to a microgalvanic reaction and accelerated corrosion and H2 evolution. Considering the corrosion resistance, H2 evolution, mechanical properties and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo, Mg-1Zn-1Sn-0.2Sr alloy has tremendous potential for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Wen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiming Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Weikang Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Qiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianming Jiang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Shuanghu Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401120, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
In-Vitro Degradation of Hollow Silica Reinforced Magnesium Syntactic Foams in Different Simulated Body Fluids for Biomedical Applications. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10121583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the mechanical and biocorrosion behaviour of hollow silica nanosphere (SiO2) reinforced (0.5–2 vol.%) magnesium (Mg) syntactic foams. Room temperature tensile properties’ characterization suggests that the increased addition of hollow silica nanospheres resulted in a progressive increase in tensile yield strength (TYS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) with Mg-2 vol.% SiO2 exhibiting a maximum TYS of 167 MPa and a UTS of 217 MPa. The degradation behaviour of the developed Mg-SiO2 syntactic foams in four different simulated body fluids (SBFs): artificial blood plasma solution (ABPS), phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS), artificial saliva solution (ASS) and Hanks’ balanced saline solution (HBSS) was investigated by using potentiodynamic polarization studies. Results indicate that corrosion resistance of the Mg-SiO2 syntactic foam decreases with increasing chloride ion concentration of the SBF. Mg-1.0 vol.% SiO2 displayed the best corrosion response and its corrosion susceptibility pertaining to corrosion rate and polarisation curves in different SBF solutions can be ranked in the following order: ABPS > PBS > HBSS > ASS. The surface microstructure demonstrated the presence of a better passivated layer on the syntactic foams compared to pure Mg. The observed increase in corrosion resistance is correlated with intrinsic changes in microstructure due to the presence of hollow silica nanospheres. Further, the effect of corrosive environment on the degradation behaviour of Mg has been elucidated.
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang W, Zhang C, Tran L, Wang SG, Hakim AD, Liu H. Engineering Nano-to-Micron-Patterned Polymer Coatings on Bioresorbable Magnesium for Controlling Human Endothelial Cell Adhesion and Morphology. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3878-3898. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wensen Jiang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Chaoxing Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Larry Tran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Sebo Gene Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ammar Dilshad Hakim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Huinan Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang C, Lin J, Nguyen NYT, Guo Y, Xu C, Seo C, Villafana E, Jimenez H, Chai Y, Guan R, Liu H. Antimicrobial Bioresorbable Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy for Bone Repair in a Comparison Study with Mg-Zn-Sr Alloy and Pure Mg. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:517-538. [PMID: 33463195 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium-zinc-calcium (Mg-Zn-Ca) alloys have attracted increasing attention for biomedical implant applications, especially for bone repair, because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and similar mechanical properties to human bone. The objectives of this study were to characterize Mg-2 wt % Zn-0.5 wt % Ca (named ZC21) alloy pins microstructurally and mechanically, and determine their degradation and interactions with host cells and pathogenic bacteria in vitro and in vivo in comparison with the previously studied Mg-4 wt % Zn-1 wt % strontium (named ZSr41) alloy and Mg control. Specifically, the in vitro degradation and cytocompatibility of ZC21 pins with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were investigated using both direct culture and direct exposure culture methods. The adhesion density of BMSCs on ZC21 pins (i.e., direct contact) was significantly higher than on pure Mg pins in both in vitro culture methods; the cell adhesion density around ZC21 pins (i.e., indirect contact) was similar to the cell-only positive control in both in vitro culture methods. Interestingly, ZC21 showed a higher daily degradation rate, crack width and crack area ratio in the direct exposure culture than in the direct culture, suggesting different culture methods did affect its in vitro degradation behaviors. When cultured with Gram-positive bacteria methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), ZC21 reduced bacterial adhesion on the surface more significantly than that of ZSr41 and Mg. The in vivo degradation and biocompatibility of the ZC21 pins for bone regeneration were studied in a mouse femoral defect model. The in vivo degradation rate of ZC21 pins was much slower than that of ZSr41 alloy and Mg control pins. After 12 weeks of implantation in vivo, the ZC21 group showed the shortest gap at the femoral defect, indicating that ZC21 pins promoted osteogenesis and bone healing more than ZSr41 and Mg control pins. Overall, the ZC21 alloy is promising for bone repair, while providing antibacterial activities, and should be further studied toward clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxing Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jiajia Lin
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Nhu-Y Thi Nguyen
- Microbiology Graduate Program, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yuxing Guo
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Changlu Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Catherine Seo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Edgar Villafana
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Hector Jimenez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Renguo Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Huinan Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Microbiology Graduate Program, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Stem Cell Center, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cortez Alcaraz MC, Cipriano AF, Lin J, Soria P, Tian Q, Liu H. Electrophoretic Deposition of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles on Magnesium: Processing Parameters, Microstructures, Degradation, and Cytocompatibility. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:5634-5652. [PMID: 35021558 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are a class of promising materials for biodegradable orthopedic and craniomaxillofacial implants; however, rapid release of hydrogen gas remains a key challenge for clinical translation. This study reported the optimal parameters of electrophoretic deposition (EPD), at which magnesium oxide nanoparticles (nMgO) could be deposited onto Mg substrates with homogeneous surface morphology and elemental distribution. The results showed that the distribution and uniformity of the nMgO coatings on Mg improved when the nMgO concentration in ethanol increased and the time of applied voltage decreased. The nMgO-coated Mg showed a homogeneous surface and distinct degradation mode during the 9-day immersion studies in revised simulated body fluid (r-SBF) and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), when compared with the noncoated Mg controls. The nMgO coating initially mitigated hydrogen gas formation. The degradation layer on nMgO-coated Mg was thicker than the noncoated Mg and enriched with Ca and P that are favorable for skeletal implant applications. In the direct culture study with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro, the cell adhesion density and morphology were not affected by the solubilized degradation products released by the nMgO-coated Mg under indirect contact. However, at the cell-biomaterial interface, the cell spreading decreased under direct contact, possibly because of the continuous dynamic degradation of the samples. The electrophoretically deposited nMgO coatings on Mg-based medical implants should be further studied to improve the coating-substrate and cell-material interfaces for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pedro Soria
- Department of Biology, California State University, San Bernardino, California 92407, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rutherford D, Exarhos S, Xu C, Niacaris M, Mariano C, Dayap B, Mangolini L, Liu H. Synthesis, characterization, and cytocompatibility of yttria stabilized zirconia nanopowders for creating a window to the brain. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:925-938. [PMID: 31339630 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transparent cranial window to the brain is highly desirable for brain therapies because such cranial implant would allow for continuous monitoring of brain disorders and long-term delivery of photodynamic therapy into the brain without repeated surgeries for opening skull. Nanostructured yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is a potential candidate for the window to the brain application because of its promising mechanical and optical properties. In this study, a new process using aerosol spray pyrolysis was established for synthesizing 6-7 nm YSZ nanopowders with precisely controlled compositions. YSZ nanopowders with 3 M ratios of yttria to zirconia, specifically 3, 6, and 8% yttria in zirconia (referred to as 3YSZ, 6YSZ, and 8YSZ, respectively) were synthesized and characterized. The size, structure, and composition of the produced YSZ nanoparticles are highly controllable and scalable. The in vitro cytocompatibility of the YSZ nanoparticles with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was investigated using a direct exposure culture method for cranial implant applications. Nondoped ZrO2 and commercially available 8YSZ (named as C_8YSZ) served as controls for the in vitro cell studies. BMSCs exhibited normal morphology when cultured with the YSZs of 3 M ratios in the concentrations of 10 mM, 30 mM, and 60 mM, as well as ZrO2 and C_8YSZ controls. The BMSCs cultured with 3YSZ and 6YSZ showed no statistical differences in cell adhesion density when compared with the ZrO2 and C_8YSZ controls at respective concentrations of 10-60 mM. The possible release of YSZ nanoparticles from cranial window implants should be carefully considered and further studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Rutherford
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Stephen Exarhos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Changlu Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Matt Niacaris
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Crystal Mariano
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Bryce Dayap
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Lorenzo Mangolini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Huinan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California.,Stem Cell Center, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang L, Guo P, Niu Z, Li F, Song Z, Xu C, Liu H, Sun W, Ren T. Influence of Mg on the mechanical properties and degradation performance of as-extruded Zn Mg Ca alloys: In vitro and in vivo behavior. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 95:220-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
9
|
Tian Q, Lin J, Rivera-Castaneda L, Tsanhani A, Dunn ZS, Rodriguez A, Aslani A, Liu H. Nano-to-Submicron Hydroxyapatite Coatings for Magnesium-based Bioresorbable Implants - Deposition, Characterization, Degradation, Mechanical Properties, and Cytocompatibility. Sci Rep 2019; 9:810. [PMID: 30692582 PMCID: PMC6349930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have shown attractive biocompatibility and mechanical strength for medical applications, but low corrosion resistance of Mg in physiological environment limits its broad clinical translation. Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (nHA) are promising coating materials for decreasing degradation rates and prolonging mechanical strength of Mg-based implants while enhancing bone healing due to their osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. Conformal HA coatings with nano-to-submicron structures, namely nHA and mHA coatings, were deposited successfully on Mg plates and rods using a transonic particle acceleration (TPA) process under two different conditions, characterized, and investigated for their effects on Mg degradation in vitro. The nHA and mHA coatings enhanced corrosion resistance of Mg and retained 86-90% of ultimate compressive strength after in vitro immersion in rSBF for 6 weeks, much greater than non-coated Mg that only retained 66% of strength. Mg-based rods with or without coatings showed slower degradation than the respective Mg-based plates in rSBF after 6 weeks, likely because of the greater surface-to-volume ratio of Mg plates than Mg rods. This indicates that Mg-based plate and screw devices may undergo different degradation even when they have the same coatings and are implanted at the same or similar anatomical locations. Therefore, in addition to locations of implantation, the geometry, dimension, surface area, volume, and mass of Mg-based implants and devices should be carefully considered in their design and processing to ensure that they not only provide adequate structural and mechanical stability for bone fixation, but also support the functions of bone cells, as clinically required for craniomaxillofacial (CMF) and orthopedic implants. When the nHA and mHA coated Mg and non-coated Mg plates were cultured with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) using the in vitro direct culture method, greater cell adhesion densities were observed under indirect contact conditions than that under direct contact conditions for the nHA and mHA coated Mg. In comparison with non-coated Mg, the nHA and mHA coated Mg reduced BMSC adhesion densities directly on the surface, but increased the average BMSC adhesion densities under indirect contact. Further long-term studies in vitro and in vivo are necessary to elucidate the effects of nHA and mHA coatings on cell functions and tissue healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaomu Tian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jiajia Lin
- Material Science & Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | | | - Amit Tsanhani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Microbiology Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Zachary S Dunn
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Alexis Rodriguez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Arash Aslani
- N2 Biomedical LLC, One Patriots Park, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | - Huinan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
- Material Science & Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
- Microbiology Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tian Q, Zhang C, Deo M, Rivera-Castaneda L, Masoudipour N, Guan R, Liu H. Responses of human urothelial cells to magnesium-zinc-strontium alloys and associated insoluble degradation products for urological stent applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 96:248-262. [PMID: 30606530 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Current urological devices such as ureteral stents and catheters still face serious problems, such as encrustation and biofilm formation. Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys showed great potentials as an alternative material for urological devices, due to their excellent biodegradability and antibacterial property. In this study, a serial of four promising Mg alloys which contain zinc (Zn) and strontium (Sr), i.e., Mg-4Zn-xSr (ZSr41) alloys, were investigated in vitro for potential ureteral stent application. Specifically, these four alloys have 4 wt% Zn in all and 0.15 wt% Sr in ZSr41_A, 0.5 wt% Sr in ZSr41_B, 1.0 wt% Sr in ZSr41_C and 1.5 wt% Sr in ZSr41_D. The cytocompatibility and degradation behaviors of Mg-4Zn-xSr alloys were studied by culturing with human urothelial cells (HUCs) for 24 h and 48 h using exposure culture method. ZSr41_B showed a better cytocompatibility with HUCs among all the Mg-4Zn-xSr alloys in both 24-hour and 48-hour cultures. Moreover, the cytocompatibility of insoluble degradation products of Mg, i.e., MgO and Mg(OH)2, was also investigated by culturing different concentrations of MgO and Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles with HUCs for 24 h and 48 h. The concentration of MgO and Mg(OH)2 particles at 0.5 mg/mL and above, showed a significant decrease of cell density and cell size after 24-hour and 48-hour cultures. The concentration of MgO and Mg(OH)2 at 1.0 mg/mL and above, showed no viable cells after 24-hour culture. Collectively, it is recommended to further reduce the degradation rates of Mg alloys in order to control possible side effects of the soluble and insoluble degradation products and to take the benefits of Mg-based biodegradable ureteral stents toward the future clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaomu Tian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Chaoxing Zhang
- Material Science & Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Michael Deo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | | | - Neema Masoudipour
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Renguo Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China
| | - Huinan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Material Science & Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology (CMDB) Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang C, Lin J, Liu H. Magnesium-based Biodegradable Materials for Biomedical Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1557/adv.2018.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
12
|
Jiang W, Cipriano AF, Tian Q, Zhang C, Lopez M, Sallee A, Lin A, Cortez Alcaraz MC, Wu Y, Zheng Y, Liu H. In vitro evaluation of MgSr and MgCaSr alloys via direct culture with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2018; 72:407-423. [PMID: 29626698 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have been widely investigated as the most promising biodegradable metals to replace conventional non-degradable metals for temporary medical implant applications. New Mg alloys have been developed for medical applications in recent years; and the concept of alloying Mg with less-toxic elements have aroused tremendous interests due to the promise to address the problems associated with rapid degradation of Mg without compromising its cytocompatibility and biocompatibility. Of particular interests for orthopedic/spinal implant applications are the additions of calcium (Ca) and strontium (Sr) into Mg matrix because of their beneficial properties for bone regeneration. In this study, degradation and cytocompatibility of four binary MgSr alloys (Mg-xSr, x = 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 wt%) and four ternary MgCaSr alloys (Mg-1Ca-xSr, x = 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 wt%) were investigated and compared via direct culture with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The influence of the alloy composition on the degradation rates were studied and compared. Moreover, the cellular responses to the binary MgSr alloys and the ternary MgCaSr alloys were comparatively evaluated; and the critical factors influencing BMSC behaviors were discussed. This study screened the degradability and in vitro cytocompatibility of the binary MgSr alloys and the ternary MgCaSr alloys. Mg-1Sr, Mg-1Ca-0.5Sr and Mg-1Ca-1Sr alloys are recommended for further in vivo studies toward clinical translation due to their best overall performances in terms of degradation and cytocompatibility among all the alloys studied in the present work. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Traditional Mg alloys with slower degradation often contain aluminum or rare earth elements as alloying components, which raised safety and regulatory concerns. To circumvent unsafe elements, nutrient elements such as calcium (Ca) and strontium (Sr) were selected to create Mg-Sr binary alloys and Mg-Ca-Sr ternary alloys to improve the safety and biocompatibility of bioresorbable Mg alloys for medical implant applications. In this study, in vitro degradation and cellular responses to four binary Mg-xSr alloys and four ternary Mg-1Ca-xSr alloys with increasing Sr content (up to 2 wt%) were evaluated in direct culture with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The roles of Sr and Ca in tuning the alloy microstructure, degradation behaviors, and BMSC responses were collectively compared in the BMSC direct culture system for the first time. The most promising alloys were identified and recommended for further in vivo studies toward clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wensen Jiang
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Aaron F Cipriano
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Qiaomu Tian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Chaoxing Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Marisa Lopez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Amy Sallee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Alan Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | | | - Yuanhao Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Huinan Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang Y, Guo X, He C, Gao C, Shuai C. Regulating Degradation Behavior by Incorporating Mesoporous Silica for Mg Bone Implants. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:1046-1054. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Yang
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiaoning Guo
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Chongxian He
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Chengde Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Cijun Shuai
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cipriano AF, Lin J, Lin A, Sallee A, Le B, Alcaraz MCC, Guan RG, Botimer G, Inceođlu S, Liu H. Degradation of Bioresorbable Mg-4Zn-1Sr Intramedullary Pins and Associated Biological Responses in Vitro and in Vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44332-44355. [PMID: 29239597 PMCID: PMC5772744 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This article reports the degradation and biological properties of as-drawn Mg-4Zn-1Sr (designated as ZSr41) and pure Mg (P-Mg) wires as bioresorbable intramedullary pins for bone repair. Specifically, their cytocompatibility with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and degradation in vitro, and their biological effects on peri-implant tissues and in vivo degradation in rat tibiae were studied. The as-drawn ZSr41 pins showed a significantly faster degradation than P-Mg in vitro and in vivo. The in vivo average daily degradation rates of both ZSr41 and P-Mg intramedullary pins were significantly greater than their respective in vitro degradation rates, likely because the intramedullary site of implantation is highly vascularized for removal of degradation products. Importantly, the concentrations of Mg2+, Zn2+, and Sr2+ ions in the BMSC culture in vitro and their concentrations in rat blood in vivo were all lower than their respective therapeutic dosages, i.e., in a safe range. Despite of rapid degradation with a complete resorption time of 8 weeks in vivo, the ZSr41 intramedullary pins showed a significant net bone growth because of stimulatory effects of the metallic ions released. However, proportionally released OH- ions and hydrogen gas caused adverse effects on bone marrow cells and resulted in cavities in surrounding bone. Thus, properly engineering the degradation properties of Mg-based implants is critical for harvesting the bioactivities of beneficial metallic ions, while controlling adverse reactions associated with the release of OH- ions and hydrogen gas. It is necessary to further optimize the alloy processing conditions and/or modify the surfaces, for example, applying coatings onto the surface, to reduce the degradation rate of ZSr41 wires for skeletal implant applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F. Cipriano
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside California 92521. United States
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Riverside California 92521. United States
| | - Jiajia Lin
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Riverside California 92521. United States
| | - Alan Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside California 92521. United States
| | - Amy Sallee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside California 92521. United States
| | - Belinda Le
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside California 92521. United States
| | | | - Ren-Guo Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819. China
| | - Gary Botimer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92354. United States
| | - Serkan Inceođlu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92354. United States
| | - Huinan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside California 92521. United States
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Riverside California 92521. United States
- Stem Cell Center, University of California, Riverside California 92521. United States
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, University of California, Riverside California 92521. United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cipriano AF, Lin J, Miller C, Lin A, Cortez Alcaraz MC, Soria P, Liu H. Anodization of magnesium for biomedical applications - Processing, characterization, degradation and cytocompatibility. Acta Biomater 2017; 62:397-417. [PMID: 28818688 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This article reports anodization of Mg in KOH electrolyte and the associated surface, degradation, and biological properties for bioresorbable implant applications. The preparation procedures for electrodes and anodization setup significantly enhanced reproducibility of samples. The results of anodization performed at the applied potentials of 1.8, 1.9, or 2.0V showed that the sample anodized at 1.9V and annealed, referred to as the 1.9 AA sample, had homogenous surface microstructure and elemental composition, and a reduction in corrosion current density in the electrochemical testing. In comparison with Mg control, the 1.9 AA sample showed a distinct mode of degradation, e.g., continuous growth of a passivation layer enriched with Ca and P instead of typical localized pitting and undermining, and a greater release rate of Mg2+ ions when immersed in physiologically relevant media. In the direct culture with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro, the 1.9 AA sample did not affect BMSC adhesion and morphology under indirect contact; however, the 1.9 AA sample showed a reduction in cell spreading under direct contact. The change in surface topography/composition at the dynamic interface of the anodized-annealed Mg sample might have contributed to the change in BMSC morphology. In summary, this study demonstrated the potential of anodic oxidation to modulate the degradation behaviors of Mg-based biomaterials and BMSC responses in vitro, and confirmed the value of direct culture method for studying cytocompatibility of Mg-based biomaterials for medical implant applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Magnesium (Mg)-based biomaterials have been specifically designed and actively explored for biodegradable implant applications since the early 2000s. To realize the benefits of Mg-based materials for medical implant applications, it is critical to control the rate of Mg degradation (i.e. corrosion) in the body. We investigated an environmentally friendly anodization process using KOH electrolyte for modifying the surface of Mg-based materials, and the resulted surface, degradation, and biological properties for biomedical applications. This study reported critical considerations that are important for repeatability of anodization process, homogeneity of surface microstructure and composition, and in vitro evaluations of the degradation and biological properties of surface treated Mg samples. The details in preparation of electrodes, anodization setup, annealing, and sample handling before and after surface treatment (e.g. re-embedding) reported in this article are valuable for studying a variety of electrochemical processes for surface treatment of Mg-based metals, because of enhanced reproducibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F Cipriano
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jiajia Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Christopher Miller
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Alan Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | | | - Pedro Soria
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Biology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA; Stem Cell Center, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Huinan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Stem Cell Center, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|