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Liu Z, Wang R, Liu W, Liu Y, Feng X, Zhao F, Chen P, Shao L, Rong M. Recent advances in the application and biological mechanism of silicon nitride osteogenic properties: a review. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7003-7017. [PMID: 37718623 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00877k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nitride, an emerging bioceramic material, is highly sought after in the biomedical industry due to its osteogenesis-promoting properties, which are a result of its unique surface chemistry and excellent mechanical properties. Currently, it is used in clinics as an orthopedic implant material. The osteogenesis-promoting properties of silicon nitride are manifested in its contribution to the formation of a local osteogenic microenvironment, wherein silicon nitride and its hydrolysis products influence osteogenesis by modulating the biological behaviors of the constituents of the osteogenic microenvironment. In particular, silicon nitride regulates redox signaling, cellular autophagy, glycolysis, and bone mineralization in cells involved in bone formation via several mechanisms. Moreover, it may also promote osteogenesis by influencing immune regulation and angiogenesis. In addition, the wettability, surface morphology, and charge of silicon nitride play crucial roles in regulating its osteogenesis-promoting properties. However, as a bioceramic material, the molding process of silicon nitride needs to be optimized, and its osteogenic mechanism must be further investigated. Herein, we summarize the impact of the molding process of silicon nitride on its osteogenic properties and clinical applications. In addition, the mechanisms of silicon nitride in promoting osteogenesis are discussed, followed by a summary of the current gaps in silicon nitride mechanism research. This review, therefore, aims to provide novel ideas for the future development and applications of silicon nitride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Ruijie Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Yushan Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Fujian Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Pei Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Mingdeng Rong
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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Tan X, Wang Z, Yang X, Yu P, Sun M, Zhao Y, Yu H. Enhancing cell adhesive and antibacterial activities of glass-fibre-reinforced polyetherketoneketone through Mg and Ag PIII. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad066. [PMID: 37489146 PMCID: PMC10363026 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glass-fibre-reinforced polyetherketoneketone (PEKK-GF) shows great potential for application as a dental implant restoration material; however, its surface bioinertness and poor antibacterial properties limit its integration with peri-implant soft tissue, which is critical in the long-term success of implant restoration. Herein, functional magnesium (Mg) and silver (Ag) ions were introduced into PEKK-GF by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII). Surface characterization confirmed that the surface morphology of PEKK-GF was not visibly affected by PIII treatment. Further tests revealed that PIII changed the wettability and electrochemical environment of the PEKK-GF surface and enabled the release of Mg2+ and Ag+ modulated by Giavanni effect. In vitro experiments showed that Mg/Ag PIII-treated PEKK-GF promoted the proliferation and adhesion of human gingival fibroblasts and upregulated the expression of adhesion-related genes and proteins. In addition, the treated samples inhibited the metabolic viability and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis on their surfaces, distorting bacterial morphology. Mg/Ag PIII surface treatment improved the soft tissue integration and antibacterial activities of PEKK-GF, which will further support and broaden its adoption in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Manlin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Correspondence address. Tel: +86 0 18980685999, E-mail:
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Shen Y, Fang K, Xiang Y, Xu K, Yu L, Chen J, Ma P, Cai K, Shen X, Liu J. Improvement in osteogenesis, vascularization, and corrosion resistance of titanium with silicon-nitride doped micro-arc oxidation coatings. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1023032. [PMID: 36324887 PMCID: PMC9621325 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1023032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) implants have been widely used for the treatment of tooth loss due to their excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, modifying the biological properties of these implants to increase osteointegration remains a research challenge. Additionally, the continuous release of various metal ions in the oral microenvironment due to fluid corrosion can also lead to implant failure. Therefore, simultaneously improving the bioactivity and corrosion resistance of Ti-based materials is an urgent need. In recent decades, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) has been proposed as a surface modification technology to form a surface protective oxide layer and improve the comprehensive properties of Ti. The present study doped nano silicon nitride (Si3N4) particles into the Ti surface by MAO treatment to improve its corrosion resistance and provide excellent osteoinduction by enhancing alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic-related gene expression. In addition, due to the presence of silicon, the Si3N4-doped materials showed excellent angiogenesis properties, including the promotion of cell migration and tubule formation, which play essential roles in early recovery after implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Shen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kai Fang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Keyuan Xu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang Yu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaquan Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pingping Ma
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Kaiyong Cai, ; Xinkun Shen, ; Jinsong Liu,
| | - Xinkun Shen
- Science and Education Division, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Ruian People’s Hospital), Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kaiyong Cai, ; Xinkun Shen, ; Jinsong Liu,
| | - Jinsong Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kaiyong Cai, ; Xinkun Shen, ; Jinsong Liu,
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Synthesis of Polymer Nanospheres Conjugated Ce (IV) Complexes for Constructing Double Antibacterial Centers. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-02165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hu X, Mei S, Wang F, Tang S, Xie D, Ding C, Du W, Zhao J, Yang L, Wu Z, Wei J. A microporous surface containing Si 3N 4/Ta microparticles of PEKK exhibits both antibacterial and osteogenic activity for inducing cellular response and improving osseointegration. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3136-3149. [PMID: 33778194 PMCID: PMC7960946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As an implantable biomaterial, polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) exhibits good mechanical strength but it is biologically inert while tantalum (Ta) possesses outstanding osteogenic bioactivity but has a high density and elastic modulus. Also, silicon nitride (SN) has osteogenic and antibacterial activity. In this study, a microporous surface containing both SN and Ta microparticles on PEKK (STP) exhibiting excellent osteogenic and antibacterial activity was created by sulfonation. Compared with sulfonated PEKK (SPK) without microparticles, the surface properties (roughness, surface energy, hydrophilicity and protein adsorption) of STP significantly increased due to the SN and Ta particles presence on the microporous surface. In addition, STP also exhibited outstanding antibacterial activity, which inhibited bacterial growth in vitro and prevented bacterial infection in vivo because of the presence of SN particles. Moreover, the microporous surface of STP containing both SN and Ta particles remarkably induced response (e.g., proliferation and differentiation) of rat bone mesenchymal stem (rBMS) cells in vitro. Furthermore, STP significantly improved new bone regeneration and osseointegration in vivo. Regarding the induction of cellular response in vitro and improvement of osseointegration in vivo, the microporous surface containing Ta was better than the surface with SN particles. In conclusion, STP with optimized surface properties activated cellular responses in vitro, enhanced osseointegration and prevented infection in vivo. Therefore, STP possessed the dual biofunctions of excellent osteogenic and antibacterial activity, showing great potential as a bone substitute. •Microporous surface containing SN/Ta microparticles on PEKK (STP) was created. •Surface performances (e.g., roughness) of STP were significantly increased. •STP exhibited antibacterial activity in vitro and prevented infection in vivo. •STP remarkably induced response of bone mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. •STP obviously improved bone regeneration and osseointegration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Hu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shiqi Mei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Songchao Tang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Dong Xie
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Chao Ding
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenli Du
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Zhaoying Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Boschetto F, Marin E, Ohgitani E, Adachi T, Zanocco M, Horiguchi S, Zhu W, McEntire BJ, Mazda O, Bal BS, Pezzotti G. Surface functionalization of PEEK with silicon nitride. Biomed Mater 2020; 16. [PMID: 32906100 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abb6b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Surface roughness, bioactivity, and antibacterial properties are desirable in skeletal implants. We hot-pressed a mix of particulate sodium chloride (NaCl) salt and silicon nitride (β-Si3N4) onto the surface of bulk PEEK. NaCl grains were removed by leaching in water, resulting in a porous PEEK surface embedded with ~15 vol.% β-Si3N4 particles. This functionalized surface showed the osteogenic and antibacterial properties previously reported in bulk silicon nitride implants. Surface enhancement of PEEK with β-Si3N4 could improve the performance of spinal fusion cages, by facilitating arthrodesis and resisting bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elia Marin
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, JAPAN
| | | | | | - Matteo Zanocco
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, JAPAN
| | | | - Wenliang Zhu
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Research Institute for Nanoscience, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585 Kyoto, Kyoto, JAPAN
| | | | - Osam Mazda
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, JAPAN
| | - B Sonny Bal
- SINTX Technologies, Salt Lake City, UNITED STATES
| | - Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585 Kyoto, Kyoto, JAPAN
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Dai Y, Chu L, Luo Z, Tang T, Wu H, Wang F, Mei S, Wei J, Wang X, Shang X. Effects of a Coating of Nano Silicon Nitride on Porous Polyetheretherketone on Behaviors of MC3T3-E1 Cells in Vitro and Vascularization and Osteogenesis in Vivo. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6425-6435. [PMID: 33417795 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To improve the bioperformances of porous polyetheretherketone (PPK) for bone repair, silicon nitride-coated PPK (CSNPPK) was prepared by a method of suspension coating and melt binding. The results revealed that, as compared with PPK, the surface roughness, compressive strength, and water absorption of CSNPPK increased, while the pore size and porosity of CSNPPK exhibited no obvious changes. In addition, the cellular responses (including attachment, proliferation, and differentiation as well as osteogenically related gene expressions) of the MC3T3-E1 cells to CSNPPK were remarkably promoted compared with PPK and dense polyetheretherketone in vitro. Moreover, in the model of rabbit femoral condyle defects, the results of micro computed tomography and histological and mechanical evaluation revealed that the ingrowth of new vessels and bone tissues into CSNPPK was significantly greater than that into PPK in vivo. Furthermore, the load-displacement and push-out loads for CSNPPK with bone tissues were higher than for PPK, indicating good osseointegration. In short, CSNPPK not only promoted vascularization but also enhanced osteogenesis as well as osseointegration in vivo. Therefore, it can be suggested that CSNPPK with good biocompatibility, osteogenic activity, and vascularization might be a promising candidate as an implant for bone substitute and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Dai
- Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Third People's Hospital of Hefei, No. 204, East Wangjiang Road, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Linyang Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai 200125, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Zhengliang Luo
- Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Han Wu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shiqi Mei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xifu Shang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei 230001, China
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