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Li J, Wang X, Zhang H, Hu X, Peng X, Jiang W, Zhuo L, Peng Y, Zeng G, Wang Z. Fenamates: Forgotten treasure for cancer treatment and prevention: Mechanisms of action, structural modification, and bright future. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 39171404 DOI: 10.1002/med.22079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Fenamates as classical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents are widely used for relieving pain. Preclinical studies and epidemiological data highlight their chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic potential for cancer. However, comprehensive reviews of fenamates in cancer are limited. To accelerate the repurposing of fenamates, this review summarizes the results of fenamates alone or in combination with existing chemotherapeutic agents. This paper also explores targets of fenamates in cancer therapy, including COX, AKR family, AR, gap junction, FTO, TEAD, DHODH, TAS2R14, ion channels, and DNA. Besides, this paper discusses other mechanisms, such as regulating Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB pathway, and the regulation of the expressions of Sp, EGR-1, NAG-1, ATF-3, ErbB2, AR, as well as the modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, this paper outlined the structural modifications of fenamates, highlighting their potential as promising leads for anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xue Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weifan Jiang
- Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Linsheng Zhuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Guo Zeng
- Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Veronese E, Pigliacelli C, Bergamaschi G, Terraneo G, Dichiarante V, Metrangolo P. Acid⋅⋅⋅Amide Supramolecular Synthon for Tuning Amino Acid-Based Hydrogels' Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301743. [PMID: 37435732 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogels formed by the self-assembly of N-Fmoc-l-phenylalanine derivatives are gaining relevance for several applications in the materials and biomedical fields. In the challenging attempt to predict or tune their properties, we selected Fmoc-pentafluorophenylalanine (1) as a model efficient gelator, and studied its self-assembly in the presence of benzamide (2), a non-gelator able to form strong hydrogen bonds with the amino acid carboxylic group. Equimolar mixtures of 1 and 2 in organic solvents afforded a 1 : 1 co-crystal thanks to the formation of an acid⋅⋅⋅amide heterodimeric supramolecular synthon. The same synthon occurred in the transparent gels formed by mixing the two components in 1 : 1 ratio in aqueous media, as revealed by structural, spectroscopic, and thermal characterizations performed on both the co-crystal powder and the lyophilized hydrogel. These findings revealed the possibility of modulating the properties of amino acid-based hydrogels by involving the gelator in the formation of a co-crystal. Such a crystal engineering-based approach is shown also to be useful for the time-delayed release of suitable bioactive molecules, when involved as hydrogel coformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Veronese
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Pigliacelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Greta Bergamaschi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC-CNR), National Research Council of Italy, via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC-CNR), National Research Council of Italy, via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Dichiarante
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
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Liao L, Jia X, Lou H, Zhong J, Liu H, Ding S, Chen C, Hong S, Luo X. Supramolecular gel formation regulated by water content in organic solvents: self-assembly mechanism and biomedical applications. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11519-11528. [PMID: 35423629 PMCID: PMC8695936 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00647a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most important and fruitful methods, supramolecular self-assembly has a significant advantage in designing and fabricating functional soft materials with various nanostructures. In this research, a low-molecular-weight gelator, N,N'-di(pyridin-4-yl)-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxamide (PDA-N4), was synthesized and used to construct self-assembled gels via a solvent-mediated strategy. It was found that PDA-N4 could form supramolecular gels in mixed solvents of water and DMSO (or DMF) at high water fraction (greater than or equal to 50%). By decreasing the water fraction from 50% to 30%, the gel, suspension and solution phases appeared successively, indicating that self-assembled aggregates could be efficiently modulated via water content in organic solvents. Moreover, the as-prepared PDA-N4 supramolecular gels not only displayed solid-like behavior, and pH- and thermo-reversible characteristics, but also showed a solution-gel-crystal transition with the extension of aging time. Further analyses suggested that both the crystal and gel had similar assembled structures. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding between amide groups and the π-π stacking interactions between pyridine groups played key roles in gel formation. Additionally, the release behavior of vitamin B12 (VB12) from PDA-N4 gel (H2O/DMSO, v/v = 90/10) was evaluated, and the drug controlled release process was consistent with a first-order release mechanism. The human umbilical venous endothelial cell culture results showed that the PDA-N4 xerogel has good cytocompatibility, which implied that the gels have potential biological application in tissue engineering and controlled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieqiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Xinjian Jia
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Haoxiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Jinlian Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Huijin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Shunming Ding
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Sanguo Hong
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Xuzhong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
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