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Mendes GG, Faulk B, Kaparthi B, Irion AR, Fong BL, Bayless K, Bondos SE. Genetic Functionalization of Protein-Based Biomaterials via Protein Fusions. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4639-4662. [PMID: 39074364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Proteins implement many useful functions, including binding ligands with unparalleled affinity and specificity, catalyzing stereospecific chemical reactions, and directing cell behavior. Incorporating proteins into materials has the potential to imbue devices with these desirable traits. This review highlights recent advances in creating active materials by genetically fusing a self-assembling protein to a functional protein. These fusion proteins form materials while retaining the function of interest. Key advantages of this approach include elimination of a separate functionalization step during materials synthesis, uniform and dense coverage of the material by the functional protein, and stabilization of the functional protein. This review focuses on macroscale materials and discusses (i) multiple strategies for successful protein fusion design, (ii) successes and limitations of the protein fusion approach, (iii) engineering solutions to bypass any limitations, (iv) applications of protein fusion materials, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, enzyme immobilization, electronics, and biosensing, and (v) opportunities to further develop this useful technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Geraldo Mendes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807-3260, United States
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech University, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, United States
| | - Britt Faulk
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Bhavika Kaparthi
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Andrew R Irion
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Brandon Look Fong
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Kayla Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807-3260, United States
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Sarah E Bondos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807-3260, United States
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Kucharczyk K, Florczak A, Kaminska A, Guzniczak N, Sikorska A, Deptuch T, Dams-Kozlowska H. MMPs-responsive silk spheres for controlled drug release within tumor microenvironment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132016. [PMID: 38697442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Silk is a biocompatible and biodegradable material that enables the formation of various morphological forms, including nanospheres. The functionalization of bioengineered silk makes it possible to produce particles with specific properties. In addition to tumor cells, the tumor microenvironment (TME) includes stromal, immune, endothelial cells, signaling molecules, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are overexpressed in TME. We investigated bioengineered spider silks functionalized with MMP-responsive peptides to obtain targeted drug release from spheres within TME. Soluble silks MS12.2MS1, MS12.9MS1, and MS22.9MS2 and the corresponding silk spheres carrying MMP-2 or MMP-2/9 responsive peptides were produced, loaded with doxorubicin (Dox), and analyzed for their susceptibility to MMP-2/9 digestion. Although all variants of functionalized silks and spheres were specifically degraded by MMP-2/9, the MS22.9MS2 nanospheres showed the highest levels of degradation and release of Dox after enzyme treatment. Moreover, functionalized spheres were degraded in the presence of cancer cells releasing MMP-2/9. In the 2D and 3D spheroid cancer models, the MMP-2/9-responsive substrate was degraded and released from spheres when loaded into MS22.9MS2 particles but not into the control MS2 spheres. The present study demonstrated that a silk-based MMP-responsive delivery system could be used for controlled drug release within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kucharczyk
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Florczak
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Alicja Kaminska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Guzniczak
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Sikorska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Deptuch
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Dams-Kozlowska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland; Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.
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Goncalves AG, Hartzell EJ, Sullivan MO, Chen W. Recombinant protein polymer-antibody conjugates for applications in nanotechnology and biomedicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114570. [PMID: 36228897 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are over 100 antibody-based therapeutics on the market for the treatment of various diseases. The increasing importance of antibody treatment is further highlighted by the recent FDA emergency use authorization of certain antibody therapies for COVID-19 treatment. Protein-based materials have gained momentum for antibody delivery due to their biocompatibility, tunable chemistry, monodispersity, and straightforward synthesis and purification. In this review, we discuss progress in engineering the molecular features of protein-based biomaterials, in particular recombinant protein polymers, for introducing novel functionalities and enhancing the delivery properties of antibodies and related binding protein domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio G Goncalves
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Emily J Hartzell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Millicent O Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
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Antibodies Regulate Dual-Function Enzyme IYD to Induce Functional Synergy between Metabolism and Thermogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147834. [PMID: 35887180 PMCID: PMC9316475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodotyrosine deiodinase (IYD) is a type of deiodinase enzyme that scavenges iodide from the thyroid gland. Previously, we showed that H3 Ab acts as an agonist on IYD to induce migration of cells to the heart and differentiate human stem cells into brown adipocyte-like cells. To continue this study, we investigated the dual function of IYD in hypothyroidism by blocking IYD and in thermogenesis by looking at the induction of brown adipocyte-like cells by treatment with H3 Ab in a mouse model. Surprisingly, our results suggest H3 Ab acts on IYD as both an antagonist and agonist to reduce T4 and increase core body temperature in the mouse model. Taken together, the data suggest IYD has a dual function that can regulate physiological metabolism and enhance thermogenesis.
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