1
|
Mei P, Ma Z, Chen Y, Wu Y, Hao W, Fan QH, Zhang WX. Chiral bisphosphine Ph-BPE ligand: a rising star in asymmetric synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6735-6778. [PMID: 38826108 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Chiral 1,2-bis(2,5-diphenylphospholano)ethane (Ph-BPE) is a class of optimal organic bisphosphine ligands with C2-symmetry. Ph-BPE with its excellent catalytic performance in asymmetric synthesis has attracted much attention of chemists with increasing popularity and is growing into one of the most commonly used organophosphorus ligands, especially in asymmetric catalysis. Over two hundred examples have been reported since 2012. This review presents how Ph-BPE is utilized in asymmetric synthesis and how powerful it is as a chiral ligand or even a catalyst in a wide range of reactions including applications in the total synthesis of bioactive molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Mei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zibin Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yue Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Wei Hao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing-Hua Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lei J, Xu ZG. Reaction strategies for the meta-selective functionalization of pyridine through dearomatization. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10861-5. [PMID: 38647989 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The pyridine moiety is a crucial structural component in various pharmaceuticals. While the direct ortho- and para-functionalization of pyridines is relatively straightforward, the meta-selective C-H functionalization remains a significant challenge. This review highlights dearomatization strategies as a key area of interest in expanding the application of meta-C-H functionalization of pyridines. Dearomatization enables the meta-functionalization through various catalytic methods that directly generate dearomatization products, and some products can be rearomatized back to pyridine derivatives. Furthermore, this article also covers the dearomatization of multiple positions of pyridine in the synthesis of polycyclic compounds. It offers a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in dearomatization at different positions of pyridine, aiming to provide a valuable resource for researchers in this field. It also highlights the advantages and limitations of existing technologies, aiming to inform a broader audience about this important field and foster its future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lei
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Escolano M, Gaviña D, Alzuet-Piña G, Díaz-Oltra S, Sánchez-Roselló M, Pozo CD. Recent Strategies in the Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Pyridines, Quinolines, and Isoquinolines. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1122-1246. [PMID: 38166390 PMCID: PMC10902862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatization reactions have become fundamental chemical transformations in organic synthesis since they allow for the generation of three-dimensional complexity from two-dimensional precursors, bridging arene feedstocks with alicyclic structures. When those processes are applied to pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, partially or fully saturated nitrogen heterocycles are formed, which are among the most significant structural components of pharmaceuticals and natural products. The inherent challenge of those transformations lies in the low reactivity of heteroaromatic substrates, which makes the dearomatization process thermodynamically unfavorable. Usually, connecting the dearomatization event to the irreversible formation of a strong C-C, C-H, or C-heteroatom bond compensates the energy required to disrupt the aromaticity. This aromaticity breakup normally results in a 1,2- or 1,4-functionalization of the heterocycle. Moreover, the combination of these dearomatization processes with subsequent transformations in tandem or stepwise protocols allows for multiple heterocycle functionalizations, giving access to complex molecular skeletons. The aim of this review, which covers the period from 2016 to 2022, is to update the state of the art of nucleophilic dearomatizations of pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, showing the extraordinary ability of the dearomative methodology in organic synthesis and indicating their limitations and future trends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Escolano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Gaviña
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Alzuet-Piña
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Díaz-Oltra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Roselló
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pozo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ogunfowora LA, Singh I, Arellano N, Pattison TG, Magbitang T, Nguyen K, Ransom B, Lionti K, Nguyen S, Topura T, Delenia E, Sherwood M, Savoie BM, Wojtecki R. Reactive Vapor-Phase Inhibitors for Area-Selective Depositions at Tunable Critical Dimensions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5268-5277. [PMID: 38206307 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Area-selective depositions (ASD) take advantage of the chemical contrast between material surfaces in device fabrication, where a film can be selectively grown by chemical vapor deposition on metal versus a dielectric, for instance, and can provide a path to nontraditional device architectures as well as the potential to improve existing device fabrication schemes. While ASD can be accessed through a variety of methods, the incorporation of reactive moieties in inhibitors presents several advantages, such as increasing thermal stability and limiting precursor diffusion into the blocking layer. Alkyne-terminated small molecule inhibitors (SMIs)─propargyl, dipropargyl, and tripropargylamine─were evaluated as metal-selective inhibitors. Modeling these SMIs provided insight into the binding mechanism, influence of sterics, and complex polymer network formed from the reaction between inhibitors consisting of alkene, aromatic, and network branchpoints. While a significant contrast in the binding of the SMIs on copper versus a dielectric was observed, residual amounts were detected on the dielectric surfaces, leading to variable ALD growth rates dependent on pattern-critical dimensions. This behavior can be controlled and utilized to direct film growth on patterns only above a critical threshold dimension; below this threshold, both the dielectric and metal features are protected. This method provides another design parameter for ASD processes and may extend its application to broader-ranging device fabrication schemes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawal Adewale Ogunfowora
- International Business Machines─Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Ishwar Singh
- International Business Machines─Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Noel Arellano
- International Business Machines─Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Thomas G Pattison
- International Business Machines─Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Teddie Magbitang
- International Business Machines─Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Khanh Nguyen
- International Business Machines─Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Brandi Ransom
- International Business Machines─Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Krystelle Lionti
- International Business Machines─Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Son Nguyen
- International Business Machines─Semiconductor Technology Research, Albany, New York 12203, United States
| | - Teya Topura
- International Business Machines─Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Eugene Delenia
- International Business Machines─Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Mark Sherwood
- International Business Machines─Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Brett M Savoie
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Rudy Wojtecki
- International Business Machines─Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Comparini LM, Pineschi M. Recent Progresses in the Catalytic Stereoselective Dearomatization of Pyridines. Molecules 2023; 28:6186. [PMID: 37687015 PMCID: PMC10488975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
1,2- and 1,4-dihydropyridines and N-substituted 2-pyridones are very important structural motifs due to their synthetic versatility and vast presence in a variety of alkaloids and bioactive molecules. In this article, we gather and summarize the catalytic and stereoselective synthesis of partially hydrogenated pyridines and pyridones via the dearomative reactions of pyridine derivatives up to mid-2023. The material is fundamentally organized according to the type of reactivity (electrophilic/nucleophilic) of the pyridine nucleus. The material is further sub-divided taking into account the nucleophilic species when dealing with electrophilic pyridines and considering the reactivity manifold of pyridine derivatives behaving as nucleophiles at the nitrogen site. The latter more recent approach allows for an unconventional entry to chiral N-substituted 2- and 4-pyridones in non-racemic form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Pineschi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He J, Zhang J, Li Y, Han YB, Li M, Zhao X. Insights into Synergistic Effects of Counterion and Ligand on Diastereoselectivity Switch in Gold-Catalyzed Post-Ugi Ipso-Cyclization. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22637-22645. [PMID: 37396265 PMCID: PMC10308395 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The concept of diastereoselectivity switch in gold catalysis is investigated, which primarily depends on the effects of ligand and counterion. The origins of gold-catalyzed post-Ugi ipso-cyclization for the diastereoselective synthesis of spirocyclic pyrrol-2-one-dienone have been explored with density functional theory calculations. The reported mechanism emphasized the importance of the cooperation of ligand and counterion in diastereoselectivity switch, leading to the stereocontrolling transition states. Furthermore, the nonbonding interactions primarily between the catalyst and the substrate play a significant role in the cooperation of ligand and counterion. This work would be useful to further understand the reaction mechanism of gold-catalyzed cyclization and the effects of ligand and counterion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Institute
of Molecular Science and Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State
Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment &
MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of
Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute
of Molecular Science and Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State
Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment &
MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of
Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yunhe Li
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou
Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yan-bo Han
- Institute
of Molecular Science and Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State
Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment &
MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of
Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- School
of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute
of Molecular Science and Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State
Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment &
MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of
Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu G, Wang L, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Zhang L. Computational Study on Ni−Al Bimetal‐Catalyzed Twofold C−H Annulation Reaction: Mechanism, Origin of Selectivity, and Role of SPO Ligand. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202300057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guixian Liu
- Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling School of Science Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
| | - Ling‐Ling Wang
- Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling School of Science Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
| | - Yongzhu Zhou
- Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling School of Science Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling School of Science Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling School of Science Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zheng H, Cai L, Pan M, Uyanik M, Ishihara K, Xue XS. Catalyst-Substrate Helical Character Matching Determines the Enantioselectivity in the Ishihara-Type Iodoarenes Catalyzed Asymmetric Kita-Dearomative Spirolactonization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7301-7312. [PMID: 36940192 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Catalyst design has traditionally focused on rigid structural elements to prevent conformational flexibility. Ishihara's elegant design of conformationally flexible C2-symmetric iodoarenes, a new class of privileged organocatalysts, for the catalytic asymmetric dearomatization (CADA) of naphthols is a notable exception. Despite the widespread use of the Ishihara catalysts for CADAs, the reaction mechanism remains the subject of debate, and the mode of asymmetric induction has not been well established. Here, we report an in-depth computational investigation of three possible mechanisms in the literature. Our results, however, reveal that this reaction is best rationalized by a fourth mechanism called "proton-transfer-coupled-dearomatization (PTCD)", which is predicted to be strongly favored over other competing pathways. The PTCD mechanism is consistent with a control experiment and further validated by applying it to rationalize the enantioselectivities. Oxidation of the flexible I(I) catalyst to catalytic active I(III) species induces a defined C2-symmetric helical chiral environment with a delicate balance between flexibility and rigidity. A match/mismatch effect between the active catalyst and the substrate's helical shape in the dearomatization transition states was observed. The helical shape match allows the active catalyst to adapt its conformation to maximize attractive noncovalent interactions, including I(III)···O halogen bond, N-H···O hydrogen bond, and π···π stacking, to stabilize the favored transition state. A stereochemical model capable of rationalizing the effect of catalyst structural variation on the enantioselectivities is developed. The present study enriches our understanding of how flexible catalysts achieve high stereoinduction and may serve as an inspiration for the future exploration of conformational flexibility for new catalyst designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanliang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Liu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Pan
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Muhammet Uyanik
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Furocho, Chikusaku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Furocho, Chikusaku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Y, Zhang J, Zhao X. Importance of additive effects on the reactivity of Ag catalyzed domino cyclization: a computational chemistry survey. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
10
|
He Q, Zhong M, Chen Z, Liao C, Xie F, Zhu Z, Chen X. Site‐Selective 1,4‐Difunctionalization of Nitrogen Heteroaromatics for Constructing Vinylidene Heterocycles. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianlin He
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingli Zhong
- College of Pharmacy Guilin Medical University Guilin 541199 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyi Liao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xie
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu F, Xia Y, Jia J. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Electron-Deficient Heteroarenes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1577-7638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn recent decades, transition-metal-catalyzed nucleophilic dearomatization of electron-deficient heteroarenes, such as pyridines, quinolines, isoquinolines and nitroindoles, has become a powerful method for accessing unsaturated heterocycles. This short review summarizes nucleophilic dearomatizations of electron-deficient heteroarenes with carbon- and heteroatom-based nucleophiles via transition-metal catalysis. A significant number of functionalized heterocycles are obtained via this transformation. Importantly, many of these reactions are carried out in an enantioselective manner by means of asymmetric catalysis, providing a unique method for the construction of enantioenriched heterocycles.1 Introduction2 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Heteroarenes via Alkynylation3 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Heteroarenes via Arylation4 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Heteroarenes with Other Nucleophiles5 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Dearomatization with Nucleophiles Formed In Situ6 Conclusion and Outlook
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangdong Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University
| | - Jie Jia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University
| |
Collapse
|