1
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Li H, Pang J, Hu W, Caballero V, Sun J, Tan M, Hu JZ, Ni Y, Wang Y. Confined dual Lewis acid centers for selective cascade C-C coupling and deoxygenation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8031-8037. [PMID: 38817567 PMCID: PMC11134334 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06921d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The selective formation of C-C bonds, coupled with effective removal of oxygen, plays a crucial role in the process of upgrading biomass-derived oxygenates into fuels and chemicals. However, co-feeding reactants with water is sometimes necessary to assist binding sites in catalytic reactions, thereby achieving desirable performance. Here, we report the design of a CeSnBeta catalyst featuring dual Lewis acidic sites for the efficient production of isobutene from acetone via C-C coupling followed by deoxygenation. By incorporating Ce species onto SnBeta, which was synthesized through liquid-phase grafting of dealuminated Beta, we created confined dual Lewis acidic centers within Beta zeolites. The cooperative action of Ce species and framework Sn sites within this confined environment enabled selective catalysis of the acetone-to-isobutene cascade reactions, showcasing enhanced stability even without the presence of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqian Li
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA
| | - Jifeng Pang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 P.R. China
| | - Wenda Hu
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Vannessa Caballero
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA
| | - Junming Sun
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA
| | - Mingwu Tan
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island 627833 Singapore
| | - Jian Zhi Hu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Yelin Ni
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Yong Wang
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
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2
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Bates JS, Johnson MR, Khamespanah F, Root TW, Stahl SS. Heterogeneous M-N-C Catalysts for Aerobic Oxidation Reactions: Lessons from Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6233-6256. [PMID: 36198176 PMCID: PMC10073352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nonprecious metal heterogeneous catalysts composed of first-row transition metals incorporated into nitrogen-doped carbon matrices (M-N-Cs) have been studied for decades as leading alternatives to Pt for the electrocatalytic O2 reduction reaction (ORR). More recently, similar M-N-C catalysts have been shown to catalyze the aerobic oxidation of organic molecules. This Focus Review highlights mechanistic similarities and distinctions between these two reaction classes and then surveys the aerobic oxidation reactions catalyzed by M-N-Cs. As the active-site structures and kinetic properties of M-N-C aerobic oxidation catalysts have not been extensively studied, the array of tools and methods used to characterize ORR catalysts are presented with the goal of supporting further advances in the field of aerobic oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Bates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mathew R. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Fatemeh Khamespanah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Thatcher W. Root
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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3
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Razdan NK, Lin TC, Bhan A. Concepts Relevant for the Kinetic Analysis of Reversible Reaction Systems. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2950-3006. [PMID: 36802557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The net rate of a reversible chemical reaction is the difference between unidirectional rates of traversal along forward and reverse reaction paths. In a multistep reaction sequence, the forward and reverse trajectories, in general, are not the microscopic reverse of one another; rather, each unidirectional route is comprised of distinct rate-controlling steps, intermediates, and transition states. Consequently, traditional descriptors of rate (e.g., reaction orders) do not reflect intrinsic kinetic information but instead conflate unidirectional contributions determined by (i) the microscopic occurrence of forward/reverse reactions (i.e., unidirectional kinetics) and (ii) the reversibility of reaction (i.e., nonequilibrium thermodynamics). This review aims to provide a comprehensive resource of analytical and conceptual tools which deconvolute the contributions of reaction kinetics and thermodynamics to disambiguate unidirectional reaction trajectories and precisely identify rate- and reversibility-controlling molecular species and steps in reversible reaction systems. The extrication of mechanistic and kinetic information from bidirectional reactions is accomplished through equation-based formalisms (e.g., De Donder relations) grounded in principles of thermodynamics and interpreted in the context of theories of chemical kinetics developed in the past 25 years. The aggregate of mathematical formalisms detailed herein is general to thermochemical and electrochemical reactions and encapsulates a diverse body of scientific literature encompassing chemical physics, thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, catalysis, and kinetic modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil K Razdan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ting C Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Aditya Bhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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4
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Suib SL, Přech J, Szaniawska E, Čejka J. Recent Advances in Tetra- (Ti, Sn, Zr, Hf) and Pentavalent (Nb, V, Ta) Metal-Substituted Molecular Sieve Catalysis. Chem Rev 2023; 123:877-917. [PMID: 36547404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metal substitution of molecular sieve systems is a major driving force in developing novel catalytic processes to meet current demands of green chemistry concepts and to achieve sustainability in the chemical industry and in other aspects of our everyday life. The advantages of metal-substituted molecular sieves include high surface areas, molecular sieving effects, confinement effects, and active site and morphology variability and stability. The present review aims to comprehensively and critically assess recent advances in the area of tetra- (Ti, Sn, Zr, Hf) and pentavalent (V, Nb, Ta) metal-substituted molecular sieves, which are mainly characterized for their Lewis acidic active sites. Metal oxide molecular sieve materials with properties similar to those of zeolites and siliceous molecular sieve systems are also discussed, in addition to relevant studies on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and some composite MOF systems. In particular, this review focuses on (i) synthesis aspects determining active site accessibility and local environment; (ii) advances in active site characterization and, importantly, quantification; (iii) selective redox and isomerization reaction applications; and (iv) photoelectrocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Suib
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Jan Přech
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ewelina Szaniawska
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Čejka
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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5
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Liu Q, Pfriem N, Cheng G, Baráth E, Liu Y, Lercher JA. Maximum Impact of Ionic Strength on Acid-Catalyzed Reaction Rates Induced by a Zeolite Microporous Environment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202208693. [PMID: 36317985 PMCID: PMC10107796 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The intracrystalline ionic environment in microporous zeolite can remarkably modify the excess chemical potential of adsorbed reactants and transition states, thereby influencing the catalytic turnover rates. However, a limit of the rate enhancement for aqueous-phase dehydration of alcohols appears to exist for zeolites with high ionic strength. The origin of such limitation has been hypothesized to be caused by the spatial constraints in the pores via, e.g., size exclusion effects. It is demonstrated here that the increase in turnover rate as well as the formation of a maximum and the rate drop are intrinsic consequences of the increasingly dense ionic environment in zeolite. The molecularly sized confines of zeolite create a unique ionic environment that monotonically favors the formation of alcohol-hydronium ion complexes in the micropores. The zeolite microporous environment determines the kinetics of catalytic steps and tailors the impact of ionic strength on catalytic rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Niklas Pfriem
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Guanhua Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Eszter Baráth
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical ProcessesSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University200062ShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Johannes A. Lercher
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
- Institute for Integrated CatalysisPacific Northwest National LaboratoryP.O. Box 999RichlandWA 99352USA
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6
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Farberow CA, Wegener EC, Kumar A, Miller JH, Dupuis DP, Kim S, Ruddy DA. Connecting cation site location to alkane dehydrogenation activity in Ni/BEA catalysts. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Peeters E, Calderon-Ardila S, Hermans I, Dusselier M, Sels BF. Toward Industrially Relevant Sn-BETA Zeolites: Synthesis, Activity, Stability, and Regeneration. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Peeters
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sergio Calderon-Ardila
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ive Hermans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michiel Dusselier
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert F. Sels
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Yu H, Kim HS. Control of the oxidation state of copper in copper silicate
SGU
‐29 for efficient catalytic reduction. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Yu
- Department of Chemistry Pukyong National University Busan South Korea
| | - Hyun Sung Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pukyong National University Busan South Korea
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9
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Direct assessment of confinement effect in zeolite-encapsulated subnanometric metal species. Nat Commun 2022; 13:821. [PMID: 35145095 PMCID: PMC8831493 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Subnanometric metal species confined inside the microporous channels/cavities of zeolites have been demonstrated as stable and efficient catalysts. The confinement interaction between the metal species and zeolite framework has been proposed to play the key role for stabilization, though the confinement interaction is elusive to be identified and measured. By combining theoretical calculations, imaging simulation and experimental measurements based on the scanning transmission electron microscopy-integrated differential phase contrast imaging technique, we have studied the location and coordination environment of isolated iridium atoms and clusters confined in zeolite. The image analysis results indicate that the local strain is intimately related to the strength of metal-zeolite interaction and a good correlation is found between the zeolite deformation energy, the charge state of the iridium species and the local absolute strain. The direct observation of confinement with subnanometric metal species encapsulated in zeolites provides insights to understand their structural features and catalytic consequences. Zeolite-encapsulated metal nanoparticles have important catalytic properties, but their effect on the zeolite local structure has been difficult to characterize. Here the authors, using DFT calculations and scanning transmission electron microscopy, characterize the local strain due to confinement effects in metal-zeolite catalysts.
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10
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Kasula M, Spanos AP, Ford L, Brunelli NA. Investigating the Impact of Synthesis Conditions to Increase the Yield and Tin Incorporation Efficiency for Lewis Acid Nano-Sn-MFI Zeolites. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Medha Kasula
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Alexander P. Spanos
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Leah Ford
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Brunelli
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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11
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Johnson BA, Di Iorio JR, Román-Leshkov Y. Identification and quantification of distinct active sites in Hf-Beta zeolites for transfer hydrogenation catalysis. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Potts DS, Bregante DT, Adams JS, Torres C, Flaherty DW. Influence of solvent structure and hydrogen bonding on catalysis at solid-liquid interfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12308-12337. [PMID: 34569580 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00539a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Solvent molecules interact with reactive species and alter the rates and selectivities of catalytic reactions by orders of magnitude. Specifically, solvent molecules can modify the free energies of liquid phase and surface species via solvation, participating directly as a reactant or co-catalyst, or competitively binding to active sites. These effects carry consequences for reactions relevant for the conversion of renewable or recyclable feedstocks, the development of distributed chemical manufacturing, and the utilization of renewable energy to drive chemical reactions. First, we describe the quantitative impact of these effects on steady-state catalytic turnover rates through a rate expression derived for a generic catalytic reaction (A → B), which illustrates the functional dependence of rates on each category of solvent interaction. Second, we connect these concepts to recent investigations of the effects of solvents on catalysis to show how interactions between solvent and reactant molecules at solid-liquid interfaces influence catalytic reactions. This discussion demonstrates that the design of effective liquid phase catalytic processes benefits from a clear understanding of these intermolecular interactions and their implications for rates and selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Potts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Daniel T Bregante
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Jason S Adams
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Chris Torres
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - David W Flaherty
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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13
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Zenebe A, Kabir-ud-Din, Mohammed Yimer A, Kuzhunellil S, Demissie H. Green synthesis of magnetic nanocomposite by leave extract for the treatment of Methylene blue contaminated water. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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14
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Sharp CH, Bukowski BC, Li H, Johnson EM, Ilic S, Morris AJ, Gersappe D, Snurr RQ, Morris JR. Nanoconfinement and mass transport in metal-organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11530-11558. [PMID: 34661217 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00558h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquity of metal-organic frameworks in recent scientific literature underscores their highly versatile nature. MOFs have been developed for use in a wide array of applications, including: sensors, catalysis, separations, drug delivery, and electrochemical processes. Often overlooked in the discussion of MOF-based materials is the mass transport of guest molecules within the pores and channels. Given the wide distribution of pore sizes, linker functionalization, and crystal sizes, molecular diffusion within MOFs can be highly dependent on the MOF-guest system. In this review, we discuss the major factors that govern the mass transport of molecules through MOFs at both the intracrystalline and intercrystalline scale; provide an overview of the experimental and computational methods used to measure guest diffusivity within MOFs; and highlight the relevance of mass transfer in the applications of MOFs in electrochemical systems, separations, and heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor H Sharp
- National Research Council Associateship Program and Electronic Science and Technology Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Brandon C Bukowski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Eric M Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Stefan Ilic
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Amanda J Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Dilip Gersappe
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Randall Q Snurr
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - John R Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
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15
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Le T, Wang B. First-Principles Study of Interaction between Molecules and Lewis Acid Zeolites Manipulated by Injection of Energized Charge Carriers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tien Le
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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16
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17
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Liu L, Corma A. Isolated metal atoms and clusters for alkane activation: Translating knowledge from enzymatic and homogeneous to heterogeneous systems. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Del Campo P, Martínez C, Corma A. Activation and conversion of alkanes in the confined space of zeolite-type materials. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8511-8595. [PMID: 34128513 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01459a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Microporous zeolite-type materials, with crystalline porous structures formed by well-defined channels and cages of molecular dimensions, have been widely employed as heterogeneous catalysts since the early 1960s, due to their wide variety of framework topologies, compositional flexibility and hydrothermal stability. The possible selection of the microporous structure and of the elements located in framework and extraframework positions enables the design of highly selective catalysts with well-defined active sites of acidic, basic or redox character, opening the path to their application in a wide range of catalytic processes. This versatility and high catalytic efficiency is the key factor enabling their use in the activation and conversion of different alkanes, ranging from methane to long chain n-paraffins. Alkanes are highly stable molecules, but their abundance and low cost have been two main driving forces for the development of processes directed to their upgrading over the last 50 years. However, the availability of advanced characterization tools combined with molecular modelling has enabled a more fundamental approach to the activation and conversion of alkanes, with most of the recent research being focused on the functionalization of methane and light alkanes, where their selective transformation at reasonable conversions remains, even nowadays, an important challenge. In this review, we will cover the use of microporous zeolite-type materials as components of mono- and bifunctional catalysts in the catalytic activation and conversion of C1+ alkanes under non-oxidative or oxidative conditions. In each case, the alkane activation will be approached from a fundamental perspective, with the aim of understanding, at the molecular level, the role of the active sites involved in the activation and transformation of the different molecules and the contribution of shape-selective or confinement effects imposed by the microporous structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Del Campo
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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19
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Krishna SH, Jones CB, Gounder R. Dynamic Interconversion of Metal Active Site Ensembles in Zeolite Catalysis. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2021; 12:115-136. [PMID: 33826852 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092120-010920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Catalysis science is founded on understanding the structure, number, and reactivity of active sites. Kinetic models that consider active sites to be static and noninteracting entities are routinely successful in describing the behavior of heterogeneous catalysts. Yet, active site ensembles often restructure in response to their external environment and even during steady-state catalytic turnover, sometimes requiring non-mean-field kinetic treatments to describe distance-dependent interactions among sites. Such behavior is being recognized more frequently in modern catalysis research, with the advent of experimental methods to quantify turnover rates with increasing precision, an expanding arsenal of operando characterization tools, and computational descriptions of atomic structure and motion at chemical potentials and timescales increasingly relevant to reaction conditions. This review focuses on dynamic changes to metal active site ensembles on zeolite supports, which are silica-based crystalline materials substituted with Al that generate binding sites for isolated and low-nuclearity metal site ensembles. Metal sites can become solvated and mobilized during reaction, facilitating interactions among sites that change their nuclearity and function. Such intersite communication can be regulated by the zeolite support, resulting in non-single-site and potentially non-mean-field kinetic behavior arising from mechanisms of catalytic action that combine elements of those canonically associated with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.We discuss recent literature examples that document dynamic active site behavior in metal-zeolites and outline methodologies to identify and interpret such behavior. We conclude with our outlook on future research directions to develop this evolving branch of catalysis science and harness it for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddarth H Krishna
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
| | - Casey B Jones
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
| | - Rajamani Gounder
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
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20
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Bates JS, Gounder R. Kinetic effects of molecular clustering and solvation by extended networks in zeolite acid catalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4699-4708. [PMID: 34168752 PMCID: PMC8179612 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00151e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactions catalyzed within porous inorganic and organic materials and at electrochemical interfaces commonly occur at high coverage and in condensed media, causing turnover rates to depend strongly on interfacial structure and composition, collectively referred to as "solvent effects". Transition state theory treatments define how solvation phenomena enter kinetic rate expressions, and identify two distinct types of solvent effects that originate from molecular clustering and from the solvation of such clusters by extended solvent networks. We review examples from the recent literature that investigate reactions within microporous zeolite catalysts to illustrate these concepts, and provide a critical appraisal of open questions in the field where future research can aid in developing new chemistry and catalyst design principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Bates
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University 480 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Rajamani Gounder
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University 480 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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21
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Di Iorio JR, Johnson BA, Román-Leshkov Y. Ordered Hydrogen-Bonded Alcohol Networks Confined in Lewis Acid Zeolites Accelerate Transfer Hydrogenation Turnover Rates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19379-19392. [PMID: 33108165 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The disruption of ordered water molecules confined within hydrophobic reaction pockets alters the energetics of adsorption and catalysis, but a mechanistic understanding of how nonaqueous solvents influence catalysis in microporous voids remains unclear. Here, we use kinetic analyses coupled with IR spectroscopy to study how alkanol hydrogen-bonding networks confined within hydrophobic and hydrophilic zeolite catalysts modify reaction free energy landscapes. Hydrophobic Beta zeolites containing framework Sn atoms catalyze the transfer hydrogenation reaction of cyclohexanone in a 2-butanol solvent 10× faster than their hydrophilic analogues. This rate enhancement stems from the ability of hydrophobic Sn-Beta to inhibit the formation of extended liquid-like 2-butanol oligomers and promote dimeric H-bonded 2-butanol networks. These different intraporous 2-butanol solvent structures manifest as differences in the activation and adsorption enthalpies and entropies that comprise the free energy landscape of transfer hydrogenation catalysis. The ordered H-bonding solvent network present in hydrophobic Sn-Beta stabilizes the transfer hydrogenation transition state to a greater extent than the liquid-like 2-butanol solvent present in hydrophilic Sn-Beta, giving rise to higher turnover rates on hydrophobic Sn-Beta. Additionally, reactant adsorption within hydrophobic Sn-Beta is driven by the breakup of intraporous solvent-solvent interactions, resulting in positive enthalpies of adsorption that are partially compensated by an increase in the solvent reorganization entropy. Collectively, these results emphasize the ability of the zeolite pore to regulate the structure of confined nonaqueous H-bonding solvent networks, which offers an additional dimension to modulate adsorption and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Di Iorio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Blake A Johnson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yuriy Román-Leshkov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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22
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Mandal K, Gu Y, Westendorff KS, Li S, Pihl JA, Grabow LC, Epling WS, Paolucci C. Condition-Dependent Pd Speciation and NO Adsorption in Pd/Zeolites. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keka Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Yuntao Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Karl S. Westendorff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Sichi Li
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Josh A. Pihl
- Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Lars C. Grabow
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - William S. Epling
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Christopher Paolucci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
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23
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Vega-Vila JC, Gounder R. Quantification of Intraporous Hydrophilic Binding Sites in Lewis Acid Zeolites and Consequences for Sugar Isomerization Catalysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Vega-Vila
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Rajamani Gounder
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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24
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Rodríguez-Fernández A, Di Iorio JR, Paris C, Boronat M, Corma A, Román-Leshkov Y, Moliner M. Selective active site placement in Lewis acid zeolites and implications for catalysis of oxygenated compounds. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10225-10235. [PMID: 34094288 PMCID: PMC8162407 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03809a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective incorporation of isolated framework Lewis acid sites at specific crystallographic positions in high-silica zeolites was achieved by applying a rationalized post-synthetic grafting methodology. The removal of framework Ge atoms from a Ge-BEC zeolite with low concentrations of Ge in the framework (Si/Ge ∼ 150) followed by grafting allows the synthesis of Sn-BEC zeolites with Sn atoms positionally biased into the double-4-ring (D4R) crystallographic positions of the BEC framework. Spectroscopic characterization using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) coupled with theoretical calculations revealed that Sn atoms preferentially form open Sn sites in the D4R of Sn-BEC. This observation was supported by IR spectra of adsorbed deuterated acetonitrile (CD3CN), a known titrant of Sn sites in zeolites. The catalytic implications of selective incorporation of open Sn sites in Sn-BEC were probed using the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley–Oppenauer (MPVO) reaction. Although the MPVO turnover rates normalized by the total number of open Sn sites were comparable on Sn-BEC and a conventional Sn-Beta catalyst synthesized in fluoride media (Sn-Beta(F)), Sn-BEC demonstrated higher per gram reaction rates because of its larger fraction of open sites compared to Sn-Beta(F). These results highlight the advantage of placing active sites in targeted locations within a zeolite structure. The methodology presented here to selectively place catalytic active sites via sacrificial heteroatoms, such as Ge, can be generalized for the design of many other tetrahedrally-coordinated metal-containing zeolites. The selective incorporation of isolated framework Lewis acid sites in specific crystallographic positions in high-silica zeolites was achieved successfully by applying a rationalized post-synthetic grafting methodology.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aída Rodríguez-Fernández
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avenida de los Naranjos s/n 46022 València Spain
| | - John R Di Iorio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Cecilia Paris
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avenida de los Naranjos s/n 46022 València Spain
| | - Mercedes Boronat
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avenida de los Naranjos s/n 46022 València Spain
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avenida de los Naranjos s/n 46022 València Spain
| | - Yuriy Román-Leshkov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Manuel Moliner
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avenida de los Naranjos s/n 46022 València Spain
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