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Liang J, Wan Y, Lv H, Liu X, Lv F, Li S, Xu J, Deng Z, Liu J, Zhang S, Sun Y, Luo M, Lu G, Han J, Wang G, Huang Y, Guo S, Li Q. Metal bond strength regulation enables large-scale synthesis of intermetallic nanocrystals for practical fuel cells. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:1259-1267. [PMID: 38769206 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01901-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Structurally ordered L10-PtM (M = Fe, Co, Ni and so on) intermetallic nanocrystals, benefiting from the chemically ordered structure and higher stability, are one of the best electrocatalysts used for fuel cells. However, their practical development is greatly plagued by the challenge that the high-temperature (>600 °C) annealing treatment necessary for realizing the ordered structure usually leads to severe particle sintering, morphology change and low ordering degree, which makes it very difficult for the gram-scale preparation of desirable PtM intermetallic nanocrystals with high Pt content for practical fuel cell applications. Here we report a new concept involving the low-melting-point-metal (M' = Sn, Ga, In)-induced bond strength weakening strategy to reduce Ea and promote the ordering process of PtM (M = Ni, Co, Fe, Cu and Zn) alloy catalysts for a higher ordering degree. We demonstrate that the introduction of M' can reduce the ordering temperature to extremely low temperatures (≤450 °C) and thus enable the preparation of high-Pt-content (≥40 wt%) L10-Pt-M-M' intermetallic nanocrystals as well as ten-gram-scale production. X-ray spectroscopy studies, in situ electron microscopy and theoretical calculations reveal the fundamental mechanism of the Sn-facilitated ordering process at low temperatures, which involves weakened bond strength and consequently reduced Ea via Sn doping, the formation and fast diffusion of low-coordinated surface free atoms, and subsequent L10 nucleation. The developed L10-Ga-PtNi/C catalysts display outstanding performance in H2-air fuel cells under both light- and heavy-duty vehicle conditions. Under the latter condition, the 40% L10-Pt50Ni35Ga15/C catalyst delivers a high current density of 1.67 A cm-2 at 0.7 V and retains 80% of the current density after extended 90,000 cycles, which exceeds the United States Department of Energy performance metrics and represents among the best cathodic electrocatalysts for practical proton-exchange membrane fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangyang Wan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Houfu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Siyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingjun Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingchuan Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Jiantao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yunhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaojun Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Luo L, Chen M, Wang Q. Kinetics-Driven Crystal Facet Evolution Mechanism of Atomically Ordered Intermetallic PtFe Nanocubes toward Electrochemical Catalysis. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:15451-15459. [PMID: 39114933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Crystal structure engineering in nanoparticles has been regarded as a vital method in catalyst development and design. Herein, PtFe nanocubes, manufactured with ordered PtFe intermetallic structure and a desired facet of {202}, have been successfully prepared via the combination of selective deposition strategy and spatial barrier effect. In-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy found that the growth of the high-index facet and formation of the nanocube for o-PtFe-202 materials arise from the surface Fe2+ modification stabilized effect and the selective deposition of Cl-, respectively. Moreover, density functional theory calculations and X-ray adsorption spectroscopies further proved that the improved oxygen reduction reaction activity and stability of o-PtFe-202 mainly originate from the synergistic effect of the desired high-index facet, ordered crystal structure, and resulting optimal d-band center of Pt. As expected, the o-PtFe-202 exhibits excellent mass activity (2.48 mA·ugPt-1) and specific activity (7.78 mA·cm-2), with only a 7.3% decrease in mass activity after 30 000 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqing Luo
- Guizhou University Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Institute of Dual-carbon and New Energy Technology Innovation and Development of Guizhou Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Meida Chen
- Guizhou University Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Institute of Dual-carbon and New Energy Technology Innovation and Development of Guizhou Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qingmei Wang
- Guizhou University Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Institute of Dual-carbon and New Energy Technology Innovation and Development of Guizhou Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China
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3
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Wu C, Chen M, Wang B, Luo L, Zhou Q, Mao G, Xiong Y, Wang Q. Orbital electron delocalization of axial-coordinated modified FeN 4 and structurally ordered PtFe intermetallic synergistically for efficient oxygen reduction reaction catalysis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12989-13000. [PMID: 39148774 PMCID: PMC11322963 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02824d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulating the chemical environment of materials to optimize their electronic structure, leading to the optimal adsorption energies of intermediates, is of paramount importance to improving the performance of electrocatalysts, yet remains an immense challenge. Herein, we design a harmonious axial-coordination Pt x Fe/FeN4CCl catalyst that integrates a structurally ordered PtFe intermetallic with an orbital electron-delocalization FeN4CCl support for synergistically efficient oxygen reduction catalysis. The obtained Pt2Fe/FeN4CCl with a favorable atomic arrangement and surface composition exhibits enhanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) intrinsic activity and durability, achieving a mass activity (MA) and specific activity (SA) of 1.637 A mgPt -1 and 2.270 mA cm-2, respectively. Detailed X-ray absorption fine spectroscopy (XAFS) further confirms the axial-coupling effect of the FeN4CCl substrate by configuring the Fe-N bond to ∼1.92 Å and the Fe-Cl bond to ∼2.06 Å. Additionally, Fourier transforms of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (FT-EXAFS) demonstrate relatively prominent peaks at ∼1.5 Å, ascribed to the contribution of the Fe-N/Fe-Cl, further indicating the construction of the FeN4CCl moiety structure. More importantly, the electron localization function (ELF) and density functional theory (DFT) further determine an orbital electron delocalization effect due to the strong axial traction between the Cl atoms and FeN4, resulting in electron redistribution and modification of the coordination surroundings, thus optimizing the adsorption free energy of OHabs intermediates and effectively accelerating the ORR catalytic kinetic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhong Wu
- Guizhou University Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Guizhou University Engineering Research Center of Efficient Utilization for Industrial Waste, Institute of Dual-carbon and New Energy Technology Innovation and Development of Guizhou Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Meida Chen
- Guizhou University Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Guizhou University Engineering Research Center of Efficient Utilization for Industrial Waste, Institute of Dual-carbon and New Energy Technology Innovation and Development of Guizhou Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Bin Wang
- Guizhou University Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Guizhou University Engineering Research Center of Efficient Utilization for Industrial Waste, Institute of Dual-carbon and New Energy Technology Innovation and Development of Guizhou Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Leqing Luo
- Guizhou University Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Guizhou University Engineering Research Center of Efficient Utilization for Industrial Waste, Institute of Dual-carbon and New Energy Technology Innovation and Development of Guizhou Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Guizhou University Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Guizhou University Engineering Research Center of Efficient Utilization for Industrial Waste, Institute of Dual-carbon and New Energy Technology Innovation and Development of Guizhou Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Guangtao Mao
- Guizhou University Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Guizhou University Engineering Research Center of Efficient Utilization for Industrial Waste, Institute of Dual-carbon and New Energy Technology Innovation and Development of Guizhou Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Guizhou University Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Guizhou University Engineering Research Center of Efficient Utilization for Industrial Waste, Institute of Dual-carbon and New Energy Technology Innovation and Development of Guizhou Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Qingmei Wang
- Guizhou University Key Laboratory of Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Guizhou University Engineering Research Center of Efficient Utilization for Industrial Waste, Institute of Dual-carbon and New Energy Technology Innovation and Development of Guizhou Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
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4
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Kuang H, Xu Z, Tan X, Yu K, Chen C. Highly Dispersed Ultrasmall High-Entropy Alloys Nanoparticles as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Media. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308421. [PMID: 38221693 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys nanoparticles (HEAs NPs) have gained considerable attention due to their extensive compositional tunability and intriguing catalytic properties. However, the synthesis of highly dispersed ultrasmall HEAs NPs remains a formidable challenge due to their inherent thermodynamic instability. In this study, highly dispersed ultrasmall (ca. 2 nm) PtCuGaFeCo HEAs NPs are synthesized using a one-pot solution-based method at 160 °C and atmospheric pressure. The PtCuGaFeCo NPs exhibit good catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The half-wave potential relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) reaches 0.88 V, and the mass activity and specific activity are approximately six times and four times higher than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analyses, the surface strain and optimized coordination environments of PtCuGaFeCo have led to high ORR activities in acidic media. Moreover, the ultrasmall size also plays an important role in enhancing catalytic performance. The work presents a facile and viable synthesis strategy for preparing the ultrasmall HEAs NPs, offering great potential in energy and electrocatalysis applications through entropy engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayi Kuang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xin Tan
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ke Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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5
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Zhang X, Liu X, Wu D, Hu L, Zhang H, Sun Z, Qian S, Xia Z, Luo Q, Cao L, Yang J, Yao T. Self-Assembly Intermetallic PtCu 3 Core with High-Index Faceted Pt Shell for High-Efficiency Oxygen Reduction. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3213-3220. [PMID: 38426819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Rational design of well-defined active sites is crucial for promoting sluggish oxygen reduction reactions. Herein, leveraging the surfactant-oriented and solvent-ligand effects, we develop a facile self-assembly strategy to construct a core-shell catalyst comprising a high-index Pt shell encapsulating a PtCu3 intermetallic core with efficient oxygen-reduction performance. Without undergoing a high-temperature route, the ordered PtCu3 is directly fabricated through the accelerated reduction of Cu2+, followed by the deposition of the remaining Pt precursor onto its surface, forming high-index steps oriented by the steric hindrance of surfactant. This approach results in a high half-wave potential of 0.911 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, with negligible deactivation even after 15000-cycle operation. Operando spectroscopies identify that this core-shell catalyst facilitates the conversion of oxygen-involving intermediates and ensures antidissolution ability. Theoretical investigations rationalize that this improvement is attributed to reinforced electronic interactions around high-index Pt, stabilizing the binding strength of rate-determining OHads species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokang Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Sun
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Shiting Qian
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Xia
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Qiquan Luo
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Cao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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6
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Zhao X, Cheng H, Chen X, Zhang Q, Li C, Xie J, Marinkovic N, Ma L, Zheng JC, Sasaki K. Multiple Metal-Nitrogen Bonds Synergistically Boosting the Activity and Durability of High-Entropy Alloy Electrocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3010-3022. [PMID: 38278519 PMCID: PMC10859931 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of Pt-based catalysts for use in fuel cells that meet performance targets of high activity, maximized stability, and low cost remains a huge challenge. Herein, we report a nitrogen (N)-doped high-entropy alloy (HEA) electrocatalyst that consists of a Pt-rich shell and a N-doped PtCoFeNiCu core on a carbon support (denoted as N-Pt/HEA/C). The N-Pt/HEA/C catalyst showed a high mass activity of 1.34 A mgPt-1 at 0.9 V for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in rotating disk electrode (RDE) testing, which substantially outperformed commercial Pt/C and most of the other binary/ternary Pt-based catalysts. The N-Pt/HEA/C catalyst also demonstrated excellent stability in both RDE and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) testing. Using operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements and theoretical calculations, we revealed that the enhanced ORR activity of N-Pt/HEA/C originated from the optimized adsorption energy of intermediates, resulting in the tailored electronic structure formed upon N-doping. Furthermore, we showed that the multiple metal-nitrogen bonds formed synergistically improved the corrosion resistance of the 3d transition metals and enhanced the ORR durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueru Zhao
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department
of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering
Program, State University of New York at
Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department
of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering
and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue
University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Chenzhao Li
- Department
of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering
and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue
University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jian Xie
- Department
of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering
and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue
University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Nebojsa Marinkovic
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Lu Ma
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jin-Cheng Zheng
- Department
of Physics and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and
Computational Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Department
of Physics and Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor 43900, Malaysia
| | - Kotaro Sasaki
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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Lin F, Li M, Zeng L, Luo M, Guo S. Intermetallic Nanocrystals for Fuel-Cells-Based Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12507-12593. [PMID: 37910391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis underpins the renewable electrochemical conversions for sustainability, which further replies on metallic nanocrystals as vital electrocatalysts. Intermetallic nanocrystals have been known to show distinct properties compared to their disordered counterparts, and been long explored for functional improvements. Tremendous progresses have been made in the past few years, with notable trend of more precise engineering down to an atomic level and the investigation transferring into more practical membrane electrode assembly (MEA), which motivates this timely review. After addressing the basic thermodynamic and kinetic fundamentals, we discuss classic and latest synthetic strategies that enable not only the formation of intermetallic phase but also the rational control of other catalysis-determinant structural parameters, such as size and morphology. We also demonstrate the emerging intermetallic nanomaterials for potentially further advancement in energy electrocatalysis. Then, we discuss the state-of-the-art characterizations and representative intermetallic electrocatalysts with emphasis on oxygen reduction reaction evaluated in a MEA setup. We summarize this review by laying out existing challenges and offering perspective on future research directions toward practicing intermetallic electrocatalysts for energy conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxu Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Menggang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lingyou Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mingchuan Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shaojun Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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8
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Yun Q, Ge Y, Shi Z, Liu J, Wang X, Zhang A, Huang B, Yao Y, Luo Q, Zhai L, Ge J, Peng Y, Gong C, Zhao M, Qin Y, Ma C, Wang G, Wa Q, Zhou X, Li Z, Li S, Zhai W, Yang H, Ren Y, Wang Y, Li L, Ruan X, Wu Y, Chen B, Lu Q, Lai Z, He Q, Huang X, Chen Y, Zhang H. Recent Progress on Phase Engineering of Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37962496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
As a key structural parameter, phase depicts the arrangement of atoms in materials. Normally, a nanomaterial exists in its thermodynamically stable crystal phase. With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials with unconventional crystal phases, which rarely exist in their bulk counterparts, or amorphous phase have been prepared using carefully controlled reaction conditions. Together these methods are beginning to enable phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN), i.e., the synthesis of nanomaterials with unconventional phases and the transformation between different phases, to obtain desired properties and functions. This Review summarizes the research progress in the field of PEN. First, we present representative strategies for the direct synthesis of unconventional phases and modulation of phase transformation in diverse kinds of nanomaterials. We cover the synthesis of nanomaterials ranging from metal nanostructures such as Au, Ag, Cu, Pd, and Ru, and their alloys; metal oxides, borides, and carbides; to transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and 2D layered materials. We review synthesis and growth methods ranging from wet-chemical reduction and seed-mediated epitaxial growth to chemical vapor deposition (CVD), high pressure phase transformation, and electron and ion-beam irradiation. After that, we summarize the significant influence of phase on the various properties of unconventional-phase nanomaterials. We also discuss the potential applications of the developed unconventional-phase nanomaterials in different areas including catalysis, electrochemical energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors), solar cells, optoelectronics, and sensing. Finally, we discuss existing challenges and future research directions in PEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbai Yun
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering & Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiyao Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Xixi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - An Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinxin Luo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingjie Ge
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yongwu Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chengtao Gong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Meiting Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yutian Qin
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingbo Wa
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xichen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongji Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lujing Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyang Ruan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qipeng Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuangchai Lai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiyuan He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Zhao J, Lian J, Zhao Z, Wang X, Zhang J. A Review of In-Situ Techniques for Probing Active Sites and Mechanisms of Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reactions. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 15:19. [PMID: 36580130 PMCID: PMC9800687 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the most important reactions in electrochemical energy technologies such as fuel cells and metal-O2/air batteries, etc. However, the essential catalysts to overcome its slow reaction kinetic always undergo a complex dynamic evolution in the actual catalytic process, and the concomitant intermediates and catalytic products also occur continuous conversion and reconstruction. This makes them difficult to be accurately captured, making the identification of ORR active sites and the elucidation of ORR mechanisms difficult. Thus, it is necessary to use extensive in-situ characterization techniques to proceed the real-time monitoring of the catalyst structure and the evolution state of intermediates and products during ORR. This work reviews the major advances in the use of various in-situ techniques to characterize the catalytic processes of various catalysts. Specifically, the catalyst structure evolutions revealed directly by in-situ techniques are systematically summarized, such as phase, valence, electronic transfer, coordination, and spin states varies. In-situ revelation of intermediate adsorption/desorption behavior, and the real-time monitoring of the product nucleation, growth, and reconstruction evolution are equally emphasized in the discussion. Other interference factors, as well as in-situ signal assignment with the aid of theoretical calculations, are also covered. Finally, some major challenges and prospects of in-situ techniques for future catalysts research in the ORR process are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxin Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiujun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China.
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Chen T, Ning F, Qi J, Feng G, Wang Y, Song J, Yang T, Liu X, Chen L, Xia D. PtFeCoNiCu high-entropy solid solution alloy as highly efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction. iScience 2022; 26:105890. [PMID: 36691611 PMCID: PMC9860490 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Searching for an efficient, durable, and low cost catalyst toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of paramount importance for the application of fuel cell technology. Herein, PtFeCoNiCu high-entropy alloy nanoparticles (PFCNC-HEA) is reported as electrocatalyst toward ORR. It shows remarkable ORR catalytic mass activity of 1.738 A mg-1 Pt at 0.90 V, which is 15.8 times higher than that of the state-of-art commercial Pt/C catalyst. It also exhibits outstanding stability with negligible voltage decay (3 mV) after 10k cycles accelerated durability test. High ORR activity is ascribed to the ligand effect caused by polymetallic elements, the optimization of the surface electronic structure, and the formation of multiple active sites on the surface. In the proton exchange membrane fuel cell setup, this cell delivers a power density of up to 1.380 W cm-2 with a cathodic Pt loading of 0.03 mgPt cm-2, demonstrating a promising catalyst design direction for highly efficient ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Advanced Batteries Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Fanghua Ning
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Advanced Batteries Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jizhen Qi
- I-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Guang Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Advanced Batteries Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jin Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Advanced Batteries Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Tonghuan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Advanced Batteries Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xi Liu
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Liwei Chen
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China,Corresponding author
| | - Dingguo Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Advanced Batteries Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China,Corresponding author
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11
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Acquaye FY, Roberts A, Street S. Effect of Crystal Growth on the Thermodynamic Stability and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of Cu-Pt Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:10621-10631. [PMID: 35969848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thermodynamically stable (ordered) platinum-based bimetallic nanoparticle (NP) catalysts are auspicious candidates for catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. Although the cubic (L12) and tetragonal (L10) ordered phases have been extensively studied, very little is known about the cubic (D7) thermally stable/ordered CuPt7 with regard to its synthesis at room temperature and ORR activity. The typical synthetic approach to the ordered phase (L12 and L10) has been by thermal annealing of the disordered phase in an inert atmosphere. We demonstrate that by coordinating Cu2+ and Pt4+ ions to amino groups in aqueous polyethyleneimine (PEI) (precursor solution), slow crystal growth by a UV-light assisted photoreduction can be used to achieve ordered CuPt7 NPs at room temperature. Slow crystal growth produces a relatively expanded lattice (7.766 Å) of CuPt7 and a lesser ORR activity via a four-electron transfer pathway. Conversely, fast crystal growth through a NaBH4 assisted chemical reduction produces a disordered CuPt phase at room temperature and a contracted lattice (3.809 Å) that enhances the ORR activity of CuPt via a two-electron transfer pathway. Our comparative observations of CuPt and CuPt7 support the observation that lattice contraction is critical in the ORR activity of Cu-Pt nanoalloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Y Acquaye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Anne Roberts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Shane Street
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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12
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Li C, Song L, Zhao X, Sasaki K, Xie J. Nitrogen-Doped PtNi Catalysts on Polybenzimidazole-Functionalized Carbon Support for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:26814-26823. [PMID: 35666990 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PtM (M = 3d transition metals) alloys are known as the promising oxygen reduction reaction catalysts and have been considered as the replacement of pure Pt catalysts for the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Although great progress has been made in the past three decades, the performance and durability of PtM catalysts still face stringent challenges from practical applications. Functionalization of a catalyst carbon support with nitrogen-contained groups can add charges onto its surface, which can be utilized to build a more complete ionomer/catalyst interface, to reduce the catalyst particle size, and to improve particle size distribution. Nitriding of PtNi catalysts can effectively improve the catalyst activity and stability by the modification of lattice strain. Hereby, we propose a synergistic approach of combining polybenzimidazole-grafted Vulcan XC72 carbon as the catalyst carbon support and the nitriding of PtNi to develop PtNiN/XC72-polybenzimidazole catalysts. Such PtNiN/XC72-PBI catalysts exhibit the excellent performance of fuel cell membrane electrode assembly (i.e., mass activity, 440 mA mgPt-1; electrochemical surface area, 51 m2 gPt-1; and rated power density, 836 mW cm-2) as well as promising catalyst stability. The developed PtNiN/XC72-PBI meets the US DOE 2020 targets of mass activity for the fuel cell catalysts. This work provides a novel approach and a promising pathway on the development of the catalyst using such a synergistic approach─modification of the catalyst structure by nitrogen doping and functionalization of carbon support by polybenzimidazole for both high performance and high durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhao Li
- Department of Mechanical Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Liang Song
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Xueru Zhao
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Kotaro Sasaki
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Mechanical Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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13
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Advanced Pt-based intermetallic nanocrystals for the oxygen reduction reaction. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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14
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Zhong L, Zhang X, Wang L, Yuan D, Deng H, Tang J, Deng L. Synergistic engineering of shell thickness and core ordering to boost the oxygen reduction performance. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13784-13792. [PMID: 35612400 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00861k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
When benchmarked against the extended Pt(111), slightly weaker adsorption and stronger cohesion properties of surface Pt are required to improve activity and durability for the oxygen reduction reaction, respectively, making it challenging to meet both requirements on one surface. Here, using Pt(111) over-layers stressed and modified by Pt-TM (TM = Fe, Co, Ni, V, Cu, Ag, and Pd) intermetallics as examples, we theoretically identified ten promising catalysts by synergistically tailoring the skin thickness and substrate chemical ordering to simultaneously achieve weak adsorption and strong cohesion. More specifically, compared with Pt(111), all candidates exhibit 10-fold enhanced activity, half of which show improved durability, such as mono-layer skin on L12-Pt3Co or Pt3Fe, double-layer Pt on L13-Pt3Ni or Pt3Cu, and triple-layer skin on L11-PtCu, while double- or triple-layer skin on L10-PtCo or PtNi and double-layer skin on L12-PtFe3 show slightly poor durability. Although L10 and L12 based nanocrystals have been demonstrated extensively as outstanding catalysts, L11 and L13 ones hold great application potential. The coexistence of high activity and durability on the same surface is because of the different responses of surface adsorption and cohesion properties to the strain effects and ligand effects. When intermetallic-core@Pt-shell nanocrystals are constructed using this slab model, the necessity of protecting or eliminating low-coordinated Pt and the possibility of maximizing Pt(111) facets and core ordering by morphology engineering were highlighted. The current discovery provides a new paradigm toward the rational design of promising cathodic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xingming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Dingwang Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiqiu Deng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianfeng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Lei Deng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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15
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Abstract
ConspectusProton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are highly efficient energy storage and conversion devices. Thus, the platinum group metal (PGM)-based catalysts which are the dominant choice for the PEMFCs have received extensive interest during the past couple of decades. However, the drawbacks in the existing PGM-based catalysts (i.e., high cost, slow kinetics, poor stability, etc.) still limit their applications in fuel cells. The Pt-based core-shell catalysts potentially alleviate these issues through the low Pt loading with the associated low cost and the high corrosion resistance and further improve the oxygen reduction reaction's (ORR's) activity and stability. This Account focuses on the synthetic strategies, catalytic mechanisms, factors influencing enhanced ORR performance, and applications in PEMFCs for the Pt-based core-shell catalysts. We first highlight the synthetic strategies for Pt-based core-shell catalysts including the galvanic displacement of an underpotentially deposited non-noble metal monolayer, thermal annealing, and dealloying methods, which can be scaled-up to meet the requirements of fuel cell operations. Subsequently, catalytic mechanisms such as the self-healing mechanism in the Pt monolayer on Pd core catalysts, the pinning effect of nitrogen (N) dopants in N-doped PtNi core-shell catalysts, and the ligand effect of the ordered intermetallic structure in L10-Pt/CoPt core-shell catalysts and their synergistic effects in N-doped L10-PtNi catalysts are described in detail. The core-shell structure in the Pt-based catalysts have two main effects for enhanced ORR performance: (i) the interaction between Pt shells and core substrates can tune the electronic state of the surface Pt, thus boosting the ORR activity and stability, and (ii) the outer Pt shell with modest thickness can enhance the oxidation and dissolution resistance of the core, resulting in improved durability. We then review the recent attempts to optimize the ORR performance of the Pt-based core-shell catalysts by considering the shape, composition, surface orientation, and shell thickness. The factors influencing the ORR performance can be grouped into two categories: the effect of the core and the effect of the shell. In the former, PtM core-shell catalysts which use different non-PGM element cores (M) are summarized, and in the latter, Pt-based core-shell catalysts with different shell structures and compositions are described. The modifications of the core and/or shell structure can not only optimize the intermediate-binding energetics on the Pt surface through tuning the strain of the surface Pt, which increases the intrinsic activity and stability, but also offer a significantly decreased catalyst cost. Finally, we discuss the membrane electrode assembly performance of Pt-based core-shell catalysts in fuel cell cathodes and evaluate their potential in real PEMFCs for light-duty and heavy-duty vehicle applications. Even though some challenges to the activity and lifetime in the fuel cells remain, the Pt-based core-shell catalysts are expected to be promising for many practical PEMFC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueru Zhao
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Kotaro Sasaki
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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16
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Gao Q, Pillai HS, Huang Y, Liu S, Mu Q, Han X, Yan Z, Zhou H, He Q, Xin H, Zhu H. Breaking adsorption-energy scaling limitations of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction on intermetallic CuPd nanocubes by machine-learned insights. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2338. [PMID: 35487883 PMCID: PMC9054787 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) to ammonia is an essential step toward restoring the globally disrupted nitrogen cycle. In search of highly efficient electrocatalysts, tailoring catalytic sites with ligand and strain effects in random alloys is a common approach but remains limited due to the ubiquitous energy-scaling relations. With interpretable machine learning, we unravel a mechanism of breaking adsorption-energy scaling relations through the site-specific Pauli repulsion interactions of the metal d-states with adsorbate frontier orbitals. The non-scaling behavior can be realized on (100)-type sites of ordered B2 intermetallics, in which the orbital overlap between the hollow *N and subsurface metal atoms is significant while the bridge-bidentate *NO3 is not directly affected. Among those intermetallics predicted, we synthesize monodisperse ordered B2 CuPd nanocubes that demonstrate high performance for NO3RR to ammonia with a Faradaic efficiency of 92.5% at -0.5 VRHE and a yield rate of 6.25 mol h-1 g-1 at -0.6 VRHE. This study provides machine-learned design rules besides the d-band center metrics, paving the path toward data-driven discovery of catalytic materials beyond linear scaling limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Rd., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Hemanth Somarajan Pillai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Rd., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Rd., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Shikai Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qingmin Mu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Rd., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Rd., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Zihao Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Rd., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Qian He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Hongliang Xin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Rd., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Huiyuan Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Rd., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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17
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Kim H, Yoo TY, Bootharaju MS, Kim JH, Chung DY, Hyeon T. Noble Metal-Based Multimetallic Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104054. [PMID: 34791823 PMCID: PMC8728832 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Noble metal-based multimetallic nanoparticles (NMMNs) have attracted great attention for their multifunctional and synergistic effects, which offer numerous catalytic applications. Combined experimental and theoretical studies have enabled formulation of various design principles for tuning the electrocatalytic performance through controlling size, composition, morphology, and crystal structure of the nanoparticles. Despite significant advancements in the field, the chemical synthesis of NMMNs with ideal characteristics for catalysis, including high activity, stability, product-selectivity, and scalability is still challenging. This review provides an overview on structure-based classification and the general synthesis of NMMN electrocatalysts. Furthermore, postsynthetic treatments, such as the removal of surfactants to optimize the activity, and utilization of NMMNs onto suitable support for practical electrocatalytic applications are highlighted. In the end, future direction and challenges associated with the electrocatalysis of NMMNs are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Seoul08826Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineeringand Institute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yong Yoo
- Center for Nanoparticle ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Seoul08826Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineeringand Institute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Megalamane S. Bootharaju
- Center for Nanoparticle ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Seoul08826Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineeringand Institute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Seoul08826Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineeringand Institute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Chung
- Department of ChemistryGwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)Gwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Seoul08826Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineeringand Institute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
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18
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Wang Z, Wu X, Liu J, Zhang D, Zhao H, Zhang X, Qin Y, Nie N, Wang D, Lai J, Wang L. Ordered Vacancies on the Body-Centered Cubic PdCu Nanocatalysts. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9580-9586. [PMID: 34762433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Defect engineering has become one of the important considerations in today's electrocatalyst design. However, the vacancies in the ordered crystal structure (especially body-centered cubic (bcc) and the effect of ordered vacancies (OVs) on the electronic fabric have not been researched yet. In this work, we report the inaugural time of the generation of OVs in the bcc architecture and discuss the insight of the modulation system of the material and its part in the electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (NRR). OV-PdCu-2 achieves the highest Faradaic efficiency value of 21.5% at 0.05 V versus RHE. When the potential increases to 0 V versus RHE, the highest ammonia yield is 55.54 μg h-1 mgcat-1, which is significantly better than the unetched PdCu nanoparticles (12.83 μg h-1 mgcat-1). It is the latest reported catalyst to date in the NRR process at 0 V versus RHE (see Supporting Information).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuochao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life Science, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Xueke Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life Science, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life Science, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life Science, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life Science, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Yingnan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life Science, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Nanzhu Nie
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life Science, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Lai
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life Science, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life Science, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
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19
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Pt-Based Intermetallic Nanocrystals in Cathode Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: From Precise Synthesis to Oxygen Reduction Reaction Strategy. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11091050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts have been extensively investigated and developed, there is a lack of clarity on catalysts that can balance high performance and low cost. Pt-based intermetallic nanocrystals are of special interest in the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) due to their excellent ORR activity and stability. This review summarizes the wide range of applications of Pt-based intermetallic nanocrystals in cathode catalysts for PEMFCs and their unique advantages in the field of ORR. Firstly, we introduce the fundamental understanding of Pt-based intermetallic nanocrystals, and highlight the difficulties and countermeasures in their synthesis. Then, the progress of theoretical and experimental studies related to the ORR activity and stability of Pt-based intermetallic nanocrystals in recent years are reviewed, especially the integrated strategies for enhancing the stability of ORR. Finally, the challenges faced by Pt-based intermetallic nanocrystals are summarized and future research directions are proposed. In addition, numerous design ideas of Pt-based intermetallic nanocrystals as ORR catalysts are summarized, aiming to promote further development of commercialization of PEMFC catalysts while fully understanding Pt-based intermetallic nanocrystals.
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20
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Song T, Xue H, Sun J, Guo N, Sun J, Wang Q. Solvent assistance induced surface N-modification of PtCu aerogels and their enhanced electrocatalytic properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7140-7143. [PMID: 34180464 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02038b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A facile method involving the nitrogen modification of PtCu aerogel surfaces with N-methyl pyrrolidone as the sole nitrogen source is reported. The half wave potential (E1/2) of the PtCu aerogels was 0.932 V and the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) was 102.04 m2 g-1 for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and the mass activity (MA) for the methanol electrooxidation reaction (MOR) was measured to be 4.08 A mg-1, values better than those of a commercial Pt/C catalyst and other reported Pt-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshan Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Xue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China.
| | - NianKun Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China.
| | - Jiawen Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China.
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China.
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Wu M, Chen C, Zhao Y, Zhu E, Li Y. Atomic Regulation of PGM Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Front Chem 2021; 9:699861. [PMID: 34295875 PMCID: PMC8290132 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.699861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing enthusiasm for the hydrogen economy and zero-emission fuel cell technologies, intensive efforts have been dedicated to the development of high-performance electrocatalytic materials for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Some major fundamental breakthroughs have been made in the past few years. Therefore, reviewing the most recent development of platinum-group-metal (PGM) ORR electrocatalysts is of great significance to pushing it forward. It is known that the ORR on the fuel cell electrode is a heterogeneous reaction occurring at the solid/liquid interface, wherein the electron reduces the oxygen along with species in the electrolyte. Therefore, the ORR kinetic is in close correlation with the electronic density of states and wave function, which are dominated by the localized atomic structure including the atomic distance and coordination number (CN). In this review, the recent development in the regulation over the localized state on the catalyst surface is narrowed down to the following structural factors whereby the corresponding strategies include: the crystallographic facet engineering, phase engineering, strain engineering, and defect engineering. Although these strategies show distinctive features, they are not entirely independent, because they all correlate with the atomic local structure. This review will be mainly divided into four parts with critical analyses and comparisons of breakthroughs. Meanwhile, each part is described with some more specific techniques as a methodological guideline. It is hoped that the review will enhance an insightful understanding on PGM catalysts of ORR with a visionary outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Enbo Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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