1
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Zheng J, Lin XJ, Xu H, Sohail M, Chen LA, Zhang X. Enzyme-mediated green synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and catalytic process intensification. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 74:108394. [PMID: 38857660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of structurally complex heteropolysaccharides that play pivotal roles in biological functions, including the regulation of cell proliferation, enzyme inhibition, and activation of growth factor receptors. Therefore, the synthesis of GAGs is a hot research topic in drug development. The enzymatic synthesis of GAGs has received widespread attention due to their eco-friendly nature, high regioselectivity, and stereoselectivity. The enhancement of the enzymatic synthesis process is the key to its industrial applications. In this review, we overviewed the construction of more efficient in vitro biomimetic synthesis systems of glycosaminoglycans and presented the different strategies to improve enzyme catalysis, including the combination of chemical and enzymatic methods, solid-phase synthesis, and protein engineering to solve the problems of enzyme stability, separation and purification of the product, preparation of structurally defined sugar chains, etc., and discussed the challenges and opportunities in large-scale green synthesis of GAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Lin
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Han Xu
- Jiangbei New Area biopharmaceutical Public Service Platform, 210031 Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Liang-An Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 210023 Nanjing, China.
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2
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Kofsky JM, Babulic JL, Boddington ME, De León González FV, Capicciotti CJ. Glycosyltransferases as versatile tools to study the biology of glycans. Glycobiology 2023; 33:888-910. [PMID: 37956415 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
All cells are decorated with complex carbohydrate structures called glycans that serve as ligands for glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) to mediate a wide range of biological processes. Understanding the specific functions of glycans is key to advancing an understanding of human health and disease. However, the lack of convenient and accessible tools to study glycan-based interactions has been a defining challenge in glycobiology. Thus, the development of chemical and biochemical strategies to address these limitations has been a rapidly growing area of research. In this review, we describe the use of glycosyltransferases (GTs) as versatile tools to facilitate a greater understanding of the biological roles of glycans. We highlight key examples of how GTs have streamlined the preparation of well-defined complex glycan structures through chemoenzymatic synthesis, with an emphasis on synthetic strategies allowing for site- and branch-specific display of glyco-epitopes. We also describe how GTs have facilitated expansion of glyco-engineering strategies, on both glycoproteins and cell surfaces. Coupled with advancements in bioorthogonal chemistry, GTs have enabled selective glyco-epitope editing of glycoproteins and cells, selective glycan subclass labeling, and the introduction of novel biomolecule functionalities onto cells, including defined oligosaccharides, antibodies, and other proteins. Collectively, these approaches have contributed great insight into the fundamental biological roles of glycans and are enabling their application in drug development and cellular therapies, leaving the field poised for rapid expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Kofsky
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jonathan L Babulic
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Marie E Boddington
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | | | - Chantelle J Capicciotti
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Queen's University, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
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3
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Zhong Y, Zheng XT, Li QL, Loh XJ, Su X, Zhao S. Antibody conjugated Au/Ir@Cu/Zn-MOF probe for bacterial lateral flow immunoassay and precise synergistic antibacterial treatment. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 224:115033. [PMID: 36621082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent threats to public health. Rapid detection with high sensitivity and targeted killing is crucial to curb its spread. Herein, a metal-bearing nanocomposite, consisting of a bimetallic nanoparticle and a metal-organic framework (Au/Ir@Cu/Zn-MOF) was constructed. Upon conjugation with anti-S. aureus antibody, this nanocomposite (Ab-Au/Ir@Cu/Zn-MOF) was exploited for its dual functions, i.e. as a reporting probe in a lateral flow immunoassay and a high efficiency antibacterial reagent. Benefiting from the enrichment of Au/Ir NPs by the Cu/Zn-MOF, the Au/Ir@Cu/Zn-MOF-based lateral flow immunoassay sensor exhibited a visual limit of detection of 103 CFU/mL, which was100 times more sensitive than Au/Ir-based sensor. Moreover, the Ab-Au/Ir@Cu/Zn-MOF probe possessed synergistic photothermal-chemodynamic bactericidal effect that specifically targeted against S. aureus. Under a co-treatment by H2O2 (0.4 mM) and 808 nm near infrared irradiation (1 W/cm2, 5 min), complete sterilization of 5 × 105-106 CFU/mL S. aureus was achieved at a nanocomposite concentration as low as 6.25 μg/mL. The superior antibacterial efficiency was attributable to the three-fold properties of the Ab-Au/Ir@Cu/Zn-MOF probe: (1) enhanced multi-enzyme mimicking activities that promote reactive oxygen species generation, (2) high photothermal activity (efficiency of 53.70%), and (3) bacteria targeting ability via the antibody coating. By changing the antibody, this nanocomposite can be tailored to target a wide range of bacteria species, for detection and for precise antibacterial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138634, Singapore
| | - Xin Ting Zheng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138634, Singapore
| | - Qing-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138634, Singapore.
| | - Xiaodi Su
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138634, Singapore; Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Block S8, Level 3, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Konietzny PB, Freytag J, Feldhof MI, Müller JC, Ohl D, Stehle T, Hartmann L. Synthesis of Homo- and Heteromultivalent Fucosylated and Sialylated Oligosaccharide Conjugates via Preactivated N-Methyloxyamine Precision Macromolecules and Their Binding to Polyomavirus Capsid Proteins. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:5273-5284. [PMID: 36398945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are a versatile class of bioactive molecules that have found application as vaccines and antivirals and in cancer therapy. Their synthesis typically involves elaborate functionalization and use of protecting groups on the carbohydrate component in order to ensure efficient and selective conjugation. Alternatively, non-functionalized, non-protected carbohydrates isolated from biological sources or derived through biotechnological methods can be directly conjugated via N-methyloxyamine groups. In this study, we introduce such N-methyloxyamine groups into a variety of multivalent scaffolds─from small to oligomeric to polymeric scaffolds─making use of solid-phase polymer synthesis to assemble monodisperse sequence-defined macromolecules. These scaffolds are then successfully functionalized with different types of human milk oligosaccharides deriving a library of homo- and heteromultivalent glycoconjugates. Glycomacromolecules presenting oligosaccharide side chains with either α2,3- or α2,6-linked terminal sialic acid are used in a binding study with two types of polyomavirus capsid proteins showing that the multivalent presentation through the N-methyloxyamine-derived scaffolds increases the number of contacts with the protein. Overall, a straightforward route to derive glycoconjugates from complex oligosaccharides with high variability yet control in the multivalent scaffold is presented, and applicability of the derived structures is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Konietzny
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jasmin Freytag
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Melina I Feldhof
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Joshua C Müller
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Daniel Ohl
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
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Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of a Molecular Library of Immunomodulatory α-Galactosylceramides with Fluorous-Tag-Assisted Purification and Evaluation of Their Bioactivities in Regard to IL-2 Secretion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113403. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural variants of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) that stimulate invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells constitute an emerging class of immunomodulatory agents in development for numerous biological applications. Variations in lipid chain length and/or fatty acids in these glycoceramides selectively trigger specific pro-inflammatory responses. Studies that would link a specific function to a structurally distinct α-GalCer rely heavily on the availability of homogeneous and pure materials. To address this need, we report herein a general route to the diversification of the ceramide portion of α-GalCer glycolipids. Our convergent synthesis commences from common building blocks and relies on the Julia–Kocienski olefination as a key step. A cleavable fluorous tag is introduced at the non-reducing end of the sugar that facilitates quick purification of products by standard fluorous solid-phase extraction. The strategy enabled the rapid generation of a focused library of 61 α-GalCer analogs by efficiently assembling various lipids and fatty acids. Furthermore, when compared against parent α-GalCer in murine cells, many of these glycolipid variants were found to have iNKT cell stimulating activity similar to or greater than KRN7000. ELISA assaying indicated that glycolipids carrying short fatty N-acyl chains (1fc and 1ga), an unsubstituted (1fh and 1fi) or CF3-substituted phenyl ring at the lipid tail, and a flexible, shorter fatty acyl chain with an aromatic ring (1ge, 1gf, and 1gg) strongly affected the activation of iNKT cells by the glycolipid-loaded antigen-presenting molecule, CD1d. This indicates that the method may benefit the design of structural modifications to potent iNKT cell-binding glycolipids.
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6
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Zheng J, Xu H, Fang J, Zhang X. Enzymatic and chemoenzymatic synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides and derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ooi KE, Zhang XW, Kuo CY, Liu YJ, Yu CC. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Asymmetrically Branched Human Milk Oligosaccharide Lacto-N-Hexaose. Front Chem 2022; 10:905105. [PMID: 35711960 PMCID: PMC9194828 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.905105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein reported the first chemoenzymatic synthesis of lacto-N-hexaose (LNH) by combining chemical carbohydrate synthesis with a selectively enzymatic glycosylation strategy. A tetrasaccharide core structure GlcNH2β1→3 (GlcNAcβ1→6) Galβ1→4Glc, a key precursor for subsequent enzymatic glycan extension toward asymmetrically branched human milk oligosaccharides, was synthesized in this work. When the order of galactosyltransferase-catalyzed reactions was appropriately arranged, the β1,4-galactosyl and β1,3-galactosyl moieties could be sequentially assembled on the C6-arm and C3-arm of the tetrasaccharide, respectively, to achieve an efficient LNH synthesis. Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnH), another common human milk oligosaccharide, was also synthesized en route to the target LNH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Eng Ooi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Xiu-Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Kuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jia Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ching Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ching-Ching Yu,
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8
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Bai Y, Yang X, Yu H, Chen X. Substrate and Process Engineering for Biocatalytic Synthesis and Facile Purification of Human Milk Oligosaccharides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102539. [PMID: 35100486 PMCID: PMC9272545 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Innovation in process development is essential for applying biocatalysis in industrial and laboratory production of organic compounds, including beneficial carbohydrates such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). HMOs have attracted increasing attention for their potential application as key ingredients in products that can improve human health. To efficiently access HMOs through biocatalysis, a combined substrate and process engineering strategy is developed, namely multistep one-pot multienzyme (MSOPME) design. The strategy allows access to a pure tagged HMO in a single reactor with a single C18-cartridge purification process, despite the length of the target. Its efficiency is demonstrated in the high-yielding (71-91 %) one-pot synthesis of twenty tagged HMOs (83-155 mg), including long-chain oligosaccharides with or without fucosylation or sialylation up to nonaoses from a lactoside without the isolation of the intermediate oligosaccharides. Gram-scale synthesis of an important HMO derivative - tagged lacto-N-fucopentaose-I (LNFP-I) - proceeds in 84 % yield. Tag removal is carried out in high efficiency (94-97 %) without the need for column purification to produce the desired natural HMOs with a free reducing end. The method can be readily adapted for large-scale synthesis and automation to allow quick access to HMOs, other glycans, and glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 95616, Davis, California, USA
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 95616, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 95616, Davis, California, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 95616, Davis, California, USA
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9
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Heine V, Pelantová H, Bojarová P, Křen V, Elling L. Targeted fucosylation of glycans with engineered bacterial fucosyltransferase variants. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Heine
- Czech Academy of Sciences: Akademie ved Ceske republiky Institute of Microbiology CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Czech Academy of Sciences: Akademie ved Ceske republiky Institute of Microbiology CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Czech Academy of Sciences: Akademie ved Ceske republiky Institute of Microbiology CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Czech Academy of Sciences: Akademie ved Ceske republiky Institute of Microbiology CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Lothar Elling
- RWTH Aachen University: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering Pauwelsstr. 20 52074 Aachen GERMANY
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10
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Mahour R, Lee JW, Grimpe P, Boecker S, Grote V, Klamt S, Seidel-Morgenstern A, Rexer TFT, Reichl U. Cell-free multi-enzyme synthesis and purification of uridine diphosphate galactose. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100361. [PMID: 34637168 PMCID: PMC9299652 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High costs and low availability of UDP‐galactose hampers the enzymatic synthesis of valuable oligosaccharides such as human milk oligosaccharides. Here, we report the development of a platform for the scalable, biocatalytic synthesis and purification of UDP‐galactose. UDP‐galactose was produced with a titer of 48 mM (27.2 g/L) in a small‐scale batch process (200 μL) within 24 h using 0.02 genzyme/gproduct. Through in‐situ ATP regeneration, the amount of ATP (0.6 mM) supplemented was around 240‐fold lower than the stoichiometric equivalent required to achieve the final product yield. Chromatographic purification using porous graphic carbon adsorbent yielded UDP‐galactose with a purity of 92 %. The synthesis was transferred to 1 L preparative scale production in a stirred tank bioreactor. To further reduce the synthesis costs here, the supernatant of cell lysates was used bypassing expensive purification of enzymes. Here, 23.4 g/L UDP‐galactose were produced within 23 h with a synthesis yield of 71 % and a biocatalyst load of 0.05 gtotal_protein/gproduct. The costs for substrates per gram of UDP‐galactose synthesized were around 0.26 €/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mahour
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems: Max-Planck-Institut fur Dynamik komplexer technischer Systeme, Bioprocess Engineering, GERMANY
| | - Ju Weon Lee
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems: Max-Planck-Institut fur Dynamik komplexer technischer Systeme, Physical and Chemical Foundations of Process Engineering, GERMANY
| | - Pia Grimpe
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems: Max-Planck-Institut fur Dynamik komplexer technischer Systeme, Bioprocess Engineering, GERMANY
| | - Simon Boecker
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems: Max-Planck-Institut fur Dynamik komplexer technischer Systeme, Anaylsis and Redesign of Biological Networks, GERMANY
| | - Valerian Grote
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems: Max-Planck-Institut fur Dynamik komplexer technischer Systeme, Bioprocess Engineering, GERMANY
| | - Steffen Klamt
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems: Max-Planck-Institut fur Dynamik komplexer technischer Systeme, Analysis and Redesing of Biological Networks, GERMANY
| | - Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems: Max-Planck-Institut fur Dynamik komplexer technischer Systeme, Physical and Chemical Foundations of Process Engineering, GERMANY
| | - Thomas F T Rexer
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems: Max-Planck-Institut fur Dynamik komplexer technischer Systeme, Bioprocess Engineering, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, GERMANY
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems: Max-Planck-Institut fur Dynamik komplexer technischer Systeme, Bioprocess Engineering, GERMANY
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Abstract
Few classes of natural products rival the structural audacity of oligosaccharides. Their complexity, however, has stood as an immense roadblock to translational research, as access to homogeneous material from nature is challenging. Thus, while carbohydrates are critical to the myriad functional and structural aspects of the biological sciences, their behavior is largely descriptive. This challenge presents an attractive opportunity for synthetic chemistry, particularly in the area of human milk science. First, there is an inordinate need for synthesizing homogeneous human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Superimposed on this goal is the mission of conducting syntheses at scale to enable animal studies. Herein, we present a personalized rumination of our involvement, and that of our colleagues, which has led to the synthesis and characterization of HMOs and mechanistic probes. Along the way, we highlight chemical, chemoenzymatic, and synthetic biology based approaches. We close with a discussion on emergent challenges and opportunities for synthesis, broadly defined, in human milk science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyan L Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Steven D Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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Zhong Y, Wang T, Lao Z, Lu M, Liang S, Cui X, Li QL, Zhao S. Au-Au/IrO 2@Cu(PABA) Reactor with Tandem Enzyme-Mimicking Catalytic Activity for Organic Dye Degradation and Antibacterial Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:21680-21692. [PMID: 33934598 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a Au-Au/IrO2 nanocomposite with tandem enzyme-mimicking activity was innovatively synthesized, which can show outstanding glucose oxidase (GOx)-like activity and peroxidase-like activity simultaneously under neutral conditions. Moreover, a Au-Au/IrO2@Cu(PABA) reactor was prepared via encapsulation of the Au-Au/IrO2 nanocomposite in a Cu(PABA) metal organic framework. The reactor not only exhibits excellent organic solvent stability, acid resistance, and reusability but also displays better cascade reaction catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km = 148.86 min-1 mM-1) than the natural free enzyme system (GOx/HRP) (kcat/Km = 98.20 min-1 mM-1) and Au-Au/IrO2 nanocomposite (kcat/Km = 135.24 min-1 mM-1). In addition, it is found that the reactor can catalyze glucose or dissolved oxygen to produce active oxygen species (ROS) including HO, 1O2, and O2-· through its enzyme-mimicking activity. Finally, the novel reactor was successfully used in organic dye degradation and antibacterial application. The results show that it can effectively degrade methyl orange, methylene blue, and rhodamine B, which all can reach a degradation rate of nearly 100% after interacting with Au-Au/IrO2@Cu (PABA) for 3.5 h. Furthermore, the reactor also exhibits excellent antibacterial activity, so as to achieve a complete bactericidal effect to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at a concentration of 12.5 μg mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiting Lao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Minglei Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiping Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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