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Pizzio MG, Cenizo ZB, Méndez L, Sarotti AM, Mata EG. InCl 3-catalyzed intramolecular carbonyl-olefin metathesis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8141-8151. [PMID: 37779456 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01170d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and novel synthetic strategy for the generation of different carbocyclic moieties by ring closing carbonyl-olefin metathesis is reported. Herein, we describe a sustainably attractive protocol for one of the most powerful carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions, based on solvent-reduction, use of InCl3 catalyst, and microwave irradiation, affording target compounds with yields up to 96%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela G Pizzio
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Zoe B Cenizo
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Luciana Méndez
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Ariel M Sarotti
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Ernesto G Mata
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
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Todtz SR, Schneider CW, Malakar T, Anderson C, Koska H, Zimmerman PM, Devery JJ. Controlling Catalyst Behavior in Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:13069-13080. [PMID: 37279356 PMCID: PMC10517625 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lewis acid-catalyzed carbonyl-olefin metathesis has introduced a new means for revealing the behavior of Lewis acids. In particular, this reaction has led to the observation of new solution behaviors for FeCl3 that may qualitatively change how we think of Lewis acid activation. For example, catalytic metathesis reactions operate in the presence of superstoichiometric amounts of carbonyl, resulting in the formation of highly ligated (octahedral) iron geometries. These structures display reduced activity, decreasing catalyst turnover. As a result, it is necessary to steer the Fe-center away from inhibiting pathways to improve the reaction efficiency and augment yields for recalcitrant substrates. Herein, we examine the impact of the addition of TMSCl to FeCl3-catalyzed carbonyl-olefin metathesis, specifically for substrates that are prone to byproduct inhibition. Through kinetic, spectroscopic, and colligative experiments, significant deviations from the baseline metathesis reactivity are observed, including mitigation of byproduct inhibition as well as an increase in the reaction rate. Quantum chemical simulations are used to explain how TMSCl induces a change in catalyst structure that leads to these kinetic differences. Collectively, these data are consistent with the formation of a silylium catalyst, which induces the reaction through carbonyl binding. The FeCl3 activation of Si-Cl bonds to give the silylium active species is expected to have significant utility in enacting carbonyl-based transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophi R Todtz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Cory W Schneider
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Tanmay Malakar
- Department of Chemistry, Barasat College, 10 K.N.C. Road, Barasat, Kolkata 700124, West Bengal, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Clare Anderson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Heather Koska
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - James J Devery
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
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Steiner M, Reiher M. Autonomous Reaction Network Exploration in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis. Top Catal 2022; 65:6-39. [PMID: 35185305 PMCID: PMC8816766 DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01543-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autonomous computations that rely on automated reaction network elucidation algorithms may pave the way to make computational catalysis on a par with experimental research in the field. Several advantages of this approach are key to catalysis: (i) automation allows one to consider orders of magnitude more structures in a systematic and open-ended fashion than what would be accessible by manual inspection. Eventually, full resolution in terms of structural varieties and conformations as well as with respect to the type and number of potentially important elementary reaction steps (including decomposition reactions that determine turnover numbers) may be achieved. (ii) Fast electronic structure methods with uncertainty quantification warrant high efficiency and reliability in order to not only deliver results quickly, but also to allow for predictive work. (iii) A high degree of autonomy reduces the amount of manual human work, processing errors, and human bias. Although being inherently unbiased, it is still steerable with respect to specific regions of an emerging network and with respect to the addition of new reactant species. This allows for a high fidelity of the formalization of some catalytic process and for surprising in silico discoveries. In this work, we first review the state of the art in computational catalysis to embed autonomous explorations into the general field from which it draws its ingredients. We then elaborate on the specific conceptual issues that arise in the context of autonomous computational procedures, some of which we discuss at an example catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Steiner
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Reiher
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Liu X, Xu W, Fang F, Xu N, Lin Z, Luan X, Zhang J, Wang H. Construction of Structurally Rigid Azulen-6-ones via Migratory Rearrangement of Spirocycles and Their Photophysical Studies. Org Lett 2021; 23:8662-8667. [PMID: 34714098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of polysubstituted 1,1,2,3-tetraarylazulen-6-ones through the ring opening and scaffold rearrangement of spirocycles in the presence of ferric chloride under ambient conditions. Control experiments shown that this reaction may proceeded through a radical cation mechanism and futher theoretical calculation revealed that the electronic distribution of the radical cation intermediate dominated this oxidative rearrangement instead of dehydrogenation. It is noteworthy that some interesting photophysical properties, including aggregation-induced emission, halochromism, and two-photon fluorescence, were discovered for the azulen-6-one 2a, making them to work as promising functional materials in optical-related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100811, China
| | - Nengni Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Zhishuang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Xinjun Luan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100811, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
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Lugosan A, Todtz SR, Alcázar A, Zeller M, Devery JJ, Lee WT. Synthesis and characterization of trigonal bipyramidal Fe III complexes and their solution behavior. Polyhedron 2021; 208. [PMID: 34566234 DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of air-stable trigonal bipyramidal FeIII complexes supported by a redox non-innocent NNN pincer ligand, Cz tBu(PyrR)2 - (R = iPr, Me, or H), were synthesized, fully characterized, and utilized for the investigation of the interaction between acetone and the FeIII center. The magnetic moments determined from the paramagnetic 1H NMR spectra in conjunction with EPR and Mössbauer spectroscopy indicate the presence of a high-spin ferric center. Cyclic voltammetry studies feature two quasi-reversible events corresponding to a metal-centered FeIII/II reduction around -0.40 V (vs. Fc) and a ligand-centered Cz tBu(PyrR)2/Cz tBu(PyrR)2 •+ oxidation at potentials near +0.70 V (vs. Fc). UV-Visible spectroscopy in CH2Cl2 showcases ligand-metal charge transfer (LMCT) bands, as well as coordination of acetone to Cz tBu(PyrH)2FeCl2. In situ IR spectroscopy and solution conductivity (κ) measurements of Cz tBu(PyrR)2FeCl2 with varied equivalents of acetone reveal that acetone is weakly associated with the iron center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lugosan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
| | - Sophi R Todtz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
| | - Andrew Alcázar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, X-ray Crystallography, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - James J Devery
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
| | - Wei-Tsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
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Yang X, Zhuang Y, Zhu J, Le J, Cheng J. Recent progress on multiscale modeling of electrochemistry. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Yong‐Bin Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Jia‐Xin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Jia‐Bo Le
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen China
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