1
|
Liu W, Xing Y, Yan D, Kong W, Shen K. Nickel-catalyzed electrophiles-controlled enantioselective reductive arylative cyclization and enantiospecific reductive alkylative cyclization of 1,6-enynes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1787. [PMID: 38413585 PMCID: PMC10899222 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric cyclization of 1,6-enynes is a powerful tool for the construction of chiral nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Despite notable achievements, these transformations have been largely limited to the use of aryl or alkenyl metal reagents, and stereoselective or stereospecific alkylative cyclization of 1,6-enynes remains unexploited. Herein, we report Ni-catalyzed enantioselective reductive anti-arylative cyclization of 1,6-enynes with aryl iodides, providing enantioenriched six-membered carbo- and heterocycles in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities. Additionally, we have realized Ni-catalyzed enantiospecific reductive cis-alkylative cyclization of 1,6-enynes with alkyl bromides, furnishing chiral five-membered heterocycles with high regioselectivity and stereochemical fidelity. Mechanistic studies reveal that the arylative cyclization of 1,6-enynes is initiated by the oxidative addition of Ni(0) to aryl halides and the alkylative cyclization is triggered by the oxidative addition of Ni(0) to allylic acetates. The utility of this strategy is further demonstrated in the enantioselective synthesis of the antiepileptic drug Brivaracetam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yunxin Xing
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Denghong Yan
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Kun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan X, Yu B, Liu H, Huang H. Intramolecular Carboamination of Aminodienes to N-Heterocycles via C-N Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316563. [PMID: 38185992 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic transformation of ubiquitous but inert C-N bonds is highly appealing in synthetic chemistry, but the efficient cleaving inert C-N bond and simultaneous incorporation of both the cleaved C-moiety and N-moiety into the desired products has been a long-standing formidable challenge so far. Here, we developed a radical-addition triggered cyclization and C-N bond cleavage process enabled by the unique I2 /Ni or benzyl halide/Ni-catalytic system, allowing the formal insertion of diene into the inert C-N bond. This reaction features high atom economy and enables an expedient annulative carboamination of aminodienes to diverse pyrrolidines, piperidines, and tetrahydroisoquinolines. Mechanistic studies have revealed that the reaction is initiated via the generation of a benzyl radical and the formation of quaternary ammonium salt is key for the C-N bond cleavage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Bangkui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hongchi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hanmin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu XB, Fu QQ, Huang XY, Chu XQ, Shen ZL, Miao C, Chen W. Hydroxylation of Aryl Sulfonium Salts for Phenol Synthesis under Mild Reaction Conditions. Molecules 2024; 29:831. [PMID: 38398583 PMCID: PMC10891898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydroxylation of aryl sulfonium salts could be realized by utilizing acetohydroxamic acid and oxime as hydroxylative agents in the presence of cesium carbonate as a base, leading to a variety of structurally diverse hydroxylated arenes in 47-95% yields. In addition, the reaction exhibited broad functionality tolerance, and a range of important functional groups (e.g., cyano, nitro, sulfonyl, formyl, keto, and ester) could be well amenable to the mild reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Bo Hu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (X.-B.H.); (Q.-Q.F.); (X.-Y.H.); (X.-Q.C.)
| | - Qian-Qian Fu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (X.-B.H.); (Q.-Q.F.); (X.-Y.H.); (X.-Q.C.)
| | - Xue-Ying Huang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (X.-B.H.); (Q.-Q.F.); (X.-Y.H.); (X.-Q.C.)
| | - Xue-Qiang Chu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (X.-B.H.); (Q.-Q.F.); (X.-Y.H.); (X.-Q.C.)
| | - Zhi-Liang Shen
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (X.-B.H.); (Q.-Q.F.); (X.-Y.H.); (X.-Q.C.)
| | - Chengping Miao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Soochow College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Binayeva M, Ma X, Ghaemimohammadi P, Biscoe MR. A general approach to stereospecific Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of benzylic stereocenters. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14124-14130. [PMID: 38098708 PMCID: PMC10717501 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04519f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a general process for the formation of enantioenriched benzylic stereocenters via stereospecific Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of enantioenriched benzylic tricyclohexyltin nucleophiles. This process proceeds with excellent stereospecificity for a remarkably broad scope of electrophilic coupling partners including aryl and heteroaryl halides and triflates, acid chlorides, thioesters, chloroformates, and carbamoyl chlorides. Thus, enantioenriched 1,1-diarylalkanes as well as formal products of asymmetric enolate arylation are readily accessed using this approach. We additionally provide the first demonstration of a Sn-selective cross-coupling reaction using a vicinal alkylborylstannane nucleophile. In these reactions, the presence of cyclohexyl spectator ligands on tin is essential to ensure selective transfer of the secondary benzylic unit from tin to palladium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meruyert Binayeva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York (CCNY) New York NY 10031 USA
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY) 365 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10016 USA
| | - Xinghua Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York (CCNY) New York NY 10031 USA
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY) 365 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10016 USA
| | - Pejman Ghaemimohammadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York (CCNY) New York NY 10031 USA
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY) 365 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10016 USA
| | - Mark R Biscoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York (CCNY) New York NY 10031 USA
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY) 365 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10016 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang F, Wang C. Nickel-Catalyzed Directed Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Phenolic Esters with Arylmethyl Trimethylammonium Triflates. J Org Chem 2023; 88:10199-10205. [PMID: 37432780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
In this context, we successfully utilize polycyclic aryl-activated alkyl ammonium triflates as the electrophilic aryl-activated alkylating agent in the nickel-catalyzed hydroxyl- or sulfonamide-directed cross-electrophile coupling reaction with an array of phenyl benzoates, allowing for the synthesis of various aryl ketones under mild conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen PP, McGinnis TM, Lin PC, Hong X, Jarvo ER. A Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling Reaction of 1,3-Dimesylates for Alkylcyclopropane Synthesis: Investigation of Stereochemical Outcomes and Radical Lifetimes. ACS Catal 2023; 13:5472-5481. [PMID: 37123596 PMCID: PMC10127265 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding mechanistic details of the nickel-catalyzed coupling reactions of Csp3 alcohol derivatives is key to developing selective reactions of this widely prevalent functional group. In this manuscript, we utilize a combination of experimental data and DFT studies to define the key intermediates, stereochemical outcome, and competing pathways of a nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling reaction of 1,3-dimesylates. Stereospecific formation of a 1,3-diiodide intermediate is achieved in situ by the Grignard reagent. The overall stereoablative stereochemical outcome is due to a nickel-catalyzed halogen atom abstraction with a radical rebound that is slower than epimerization of the alkyl radical. Finally, lifetimes of this alkyl radical intermediate are compared to radical clocks to enhance the understanding of the lifetime of the secondary alkyl radical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Chen
- Center
of Chemistry for Frontiers Technologies, Department of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tristan M. McGinnis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Patricia C. Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Xin Hong
- Center
of Chemistry for Frontiers Technologies, Department of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street No. 2, Beijing 100190, China
- Key
Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang
Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Elizabeth R. Jarvo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Direct borylation of benzylic alcohols has been achieved via an iodine-catalyzed process. This transition-metal-free borylation transformation is compatible with various functional groups and provides a practical and convenient method to access important and useful benzylic boronate esters from widely available benzylic alcohols. Preliminary mechanistic investigations indicated that benzylic iodide and radicals are involved as the key intermediates in this borylation reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China.,Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Afzal U, Bilal M, Zubair M, Rasool N, Adnan Ali Shah S, Amiruddin Zakaria Z. Stereospecific/stereoselective Nickel catalyzed reductive cross-coupling: An efficient tool for the synthesis of biological active targeted molecules. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
9
|
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling of electrophiles has emerged as a powerful tool for the construction of molecules. While major achievements have been made in the field of cross-couplings between organic halides and pseudohalides, an increasing number of reports demonstrates reactions involving more readily available, low-cost, and stable, but unreactive electrophiles. This account summarizes the recent results in our laboratory focusing on this topic. These findings typically include deoxygenative C-C coupling of alcohols, reductive alkylation of alkenyl acetates, reductive C-Si coupling of chlorosilanes, and reductive C-Ge coupling of chlorogermanes.The reductive deoxygenative coupling of alcohols with electrophiles is synthetically appealing, but the potential of this chemistry remains to be disclosed. Our initial study focused on the reaction of allylic alcohols and aryl bromides by the combination of nickel and Lewis acid catalysis. This method offers a selectivity that is opposite to that of the classic Tsuji-Trost reactions. Further investigation on the reaction of benzylic alcohols led to the foundation of a dynamic kinetic cross-coupling strategy with applications in the nickel-catalyzed reductive arylation of benzylic alcohols and cobalt-catalyzed enantiospecific reductive alkenylation of allylic alcohols. The titanium catalysis was later established to produce carbon radicals directly from unactivated tertiary alcohols via C-OH cleavage. The development of their coupling reactions with carbon fragments delivers new methods for the construction of all-carbon quaternary centers. These reactions have shown high selectivity for the functionalization of tertiary alcohols, leaving primary and secondary alcohols intact. Alkenyl acetates are inexpensive, stable, and environmentally friendly and are considered the most attractive alkenyl reagents. The development of reductive alkylation of alkenyl acetates with benzyl ammoniums and alkyl bromides offers mild approaches for the conversion of ketones into aliphatic alkenes.Extensive studies in this field have enabled us to extend the cross-electrophile coupling from carbon to silicon and germanium chemistry. These reactions harness the ready availability of chlorosilanes and chlorogermanes but suffer from the challenge of their low reactivity toward transition metals. Under reductive nickel catalysis, a broad range of alkenyl and aryl electrophiles couple well with vinyl- and hydrochlorosilanes. The use of alkyl halides as coupling partners led to the formation of functionalized alkylsilanes. The C-Ge coupling seems less substrate-dependent, and various common chlorogermanes couple well with aryl, alkenyl, and alkyl electrophiles. In general, functionalities such as Grignard-sensitive groups (e.g., acid, amide, alcohol, ketone, and ester), acid-sensitive groups (e.g., ketal and THP protection), alkyl fluoride and chloride, aryl bromide, alkyl tosylate and mesylate, silyl ether, and amine are tolerated. These methods provide new access to organosilicon and organogermanium compounds, some of which are challenging to obtain otherwise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Pei-Feng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Xing-Zhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li WX, Yang BW, Ying X, Zhang ZW, Chu XQ, Zhou X, Ma M, Shen ZL. Nickel-Catalyzed Direct Cross-Coupling of Diaryl Sulfoxide with Aryl Bromide. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11899-11908. [PMID: 35957561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The direct cross-couplings of diaryl sulfoxides with aryl bromides via C-S bond cleavage could be readily accomplished using nickel(II) as the catalyst, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) as the ligand, and magnesium turnings as the reducing metal in THF, leading to the corresponding biaryls in moderate to good yields. The reaction exhibited a broad substrate scope and could be applied to a gram-scale synthesis. The "one-pot" reaction, which avoids the utility of presynthesized and moisture-labile organometallic compounds, is operationally simple and step-economic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xin Li
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Bo-Wen Yang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Xuan Ying
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Zhuo-Wen Zhang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Chu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Xiaocong Zhou
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China
| | - Mengtao Ma
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Shen
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Akagawa H, Tsuchiya N, Morinaga A, Katayama Y, Sumimoto M, Nishikata T. Carboxamide-Directed Stereospecific Couplings of Chiral Tertiary Alkyl Halides with Terminal Alkynes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Akagawa
- Graiduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Naoki Tsuchiya
- Graiduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Asuka Morinaga
- Graiduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Yu Katayama
- Graiduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Michinori Sumimoto
- Graiduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishikata
- Graiduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pan P, Liu S, Lan Y, Zeng H, Li CJ. Visible-light-induced cross-coupling of aryl iodides with hydrazones via an EDA-complex. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7165-7171. [PMID: 35799801 PMCID: PMC9214885 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01909d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A visible-light-induced, transition-metal and photosensitizer-free cross-coupling of aryl iodides with hydrazones was developed. In this strategy, hydrazones were used as alternatives to organometallic reagents, in the absence of a transition metal or an external photosensitizer, making this cross-coupling mild and green. The protocol was compatible with a variety of functionalities, including methyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl, halogen, and heteroaromatic rings. Mechanistic investigations showed that the association of the hydrazone anion with aryl halides formed an electron donor–acceptor complex, which when excited with visible light generated an aryl radical via single-electron transfer. Visible-light-induced catalyst-free cross-coupling of aryl iodides with hydrazones via single-electron-transfer was reported. The mechanistic investigations showed that the association of hydrazone anion with aryl iodides formed an EDA complex.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University 222 Tianshui Road Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Shihan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China .,College of Chemistry, Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Huiying Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University 222 Tianshui Road Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McKnight J, Shavnya A, Sach NW, Blakemore DC, Moses IB, Willis MC. Reductant‐Free Cross‐Electrophile Synthesis of Di(hetero)arylmethanes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Desulfinative C−C Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116775. [PMID: 35229419 PMCID: PMC9314995 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An efficient Pd‐catalyzed one‐pot desulfinative cross‐coupling to access medicinally relevant di(hetero)arylmethanes is reported. The method is reductant‐free, and involves a sulfinate transfer reagent and a Pd‐catalyst mediating the union of two electrophilic coupling partners; a (hetero)aryl halide and a benzyl halide. We establish for the first time that benzyl sulfinates, generated in situ, undergo efficient Pd‐catalyzed desulfinative cross‐coupling with (hetero)aryl halides to generate di(hetero)arylmethanes. The reaction can be extended to benzylic pseudohalides derived from benzyl alcohols. The reactions are straightforward to perform and scalable, and all reaction components are commercially available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janette McKnight
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Andre Shavnya
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc. Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Neal W. Sach
- Medicine Design, La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Inc. 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | | | - Ian B. Moses
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Ltd. Discovery Park, Ramsgate Rd Sandwich CT13 9ND UK
| | - Michael C. Willis
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
McKnight J, Shavnya A, Sach NW, Blakemore DC, Moses IB, Willis MC. Reductant‐Free Cross‐Electrophile Synthesis of Di(hetero)arylmethanes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Desulfinative C−C Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janette McKnight
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Andre Shavnya
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc. Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Neal W. Sach
- Medicine Design, La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Inc. 10770 Science Center Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA
| | | | - Ian B. Moses
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Ltd. Discovery Park, Ramsgate Rd Sandwich CT13 9ND UK
| | - Michael C. Willis
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo K, Zeng Q, Villar-Yanez A, Bo C, Kleij AW. Ni-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Silylation of Alkynyl Carbonates: Access to Chiral Allenes via Enantiospecific Conversions. Org Lett 2022; 24:637-641. [PMID: 34978820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A Ni-mediated decarboxylative silylation of alkynyl cyclic carbonates used as versatile propargylic surrogates is reported affording a wide range of highly substituted 2,3- and 3,4-allenol products in good yields. The formal cross-coupling between a tentative intermediate Ni(allenyl) and the silyl reagent was further extended to enantiospecific conversions providing access to chiral allene synthons. This protocol marks the first Ni-catalyzed propargylic silylation proceeding through an SN2' manifold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Qian Zeng
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alba Villar-Yanez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carles Bo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Física i Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Arjan W Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sun SZ, Cai YM, Zhang DL, Wang JB, Yao HQ, Rui XY, Martin R, Shang M. Enantioselective Deaminative Alkylation of Amino Acid Derivatives with Unactivated Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1130-1137. [PMID: 35029378 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first Ni-catalyzed enantioselective deaminative alkylation of amino acid and peptide derivatives with unactivated olefins. Key for success was the discovery of a new sterically encumbered bis(oxazoline) ligand backbone, thus offering a de novo technology for accessing enantioenriched sp3-sp3 linkages via sp3 C-N functionalization. Our protocol is distinguished by its broad scope and generality across a wide number of counterparts, even in the context of late-stage functionalization. In addition, an enantioselective deaminative remote hydroalkylation reaction of unactivated internal olefins is within reach, thus providing a useful entry point for forging enantioenriched sp3-sp3 centers at remote sp3 C-H sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Zheng Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yue-Ming Cai
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - De-Liang Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Bao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Qing Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Yan Rui
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ming Shang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tran HN, Nguyen CM, Koeritz MT, Youmans DD, Stanley LM. Nickel-Catalyzed Arylative Substitution of Homoallylic Alcohols. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11607-11613. [PMID: 36320388 PMCID: PMC9555571 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01716d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct coupling of unactivated alcohols remains a challenge in synthetic chemistry. Current approaches to cross-coupling of alcohol-derived electrophiles often involve activated alcohols such as tosylates or carbonates. We report the direct arylative substitution of homoallylic alcohols catalyzed by a nickel-bisphosphine complex as a facile method to generate allylic arenes. These reactions proceed via formation of an allylic alcohol intermediate. Subsequent allylic substitution with arylboroxine nucleophiles enables the formation of a variety of allylic arenes. The presence of p-methoxyphenylboronic acid is crucial to activate the allylic alcohol to achieve high product yields. Arylative substitutions of homoallylic alcohols with arylboron nucleophiles demonstrate the utility of unactivated alcohols as coupling partners in transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling chemistry.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai N Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Chau M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Mason T Koeritz
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Dustin D Youmans
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Levi M Stanley
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gnyawali K, Kirinde Arachchige PT, Yi CS. Synthesis of Flavanone and Quinazolinone Derivatives from the Ruthenium-Catalyzed Deaminative Coupling Reaction of 2'-Hydroxyaryl Ketones and 2-Aminobenzamides with Simple Amines. Org Lett 2021; 24:218-222. [PMID: 34958227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The cationic Ru-H complex [(C6H6)(PCy3)(CO)RuH]+BF4- (1) with 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone (L1) was found to be a highly effective catalyst for the deaminative coupling reaction of 2'-hydroxyaryl ketones with simple amines to form 3-substituted flavanone products. The analogous deaminative coupling reaction of 2-aminobenzamides with branched amines directly formed 3,3-disubstituted quinazolinone products. The catalytic method efficiently installs synthetically useful flavanone and quinazolinone core structures without employing any reactive reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Gnyawali
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | | | - Chae S Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ma WY, Han GY, Kang S, Pang X, Liu XY, Shu XZ. Cobalt-Catalyzed Enantiospecific Dynamic Kinetic Cross-Electrophile Vinylation of Allylic Alcohols with Vinyl Triflates. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15930-15935. [PMID: 34570474 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric cross-electrophile coupling has emerged as a promising tool for producing chiral molecules; however, the potential of this chemistry with metals other than nickel remains unknown. Herein, we report a cobalt-catalyzed enantiospecific vinylation reaction of allylic alcohol with vinyl triflates. This work establishes a new method for the synthesis of enantioenriched 1,4-dienes. The reaction proceeds through a dynamic kinetic coupling approach, which not only allows for direct functionalization of allylic alcohols but also is essential to achieve high chemoselectivity. The use of cobalt enables the reactions to proceed with high enantiospecificity, which have failed to be realized by nickel catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Yu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaolin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Zhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hewitt KA, Herbert CA, Matus AC, Jarvo ER. Nickel-Catalyzed Kumada Cross-Coupling Reactions of Benzylic Sulfonamides. Molecules 2021; 26:5947. [PMID: 34641491 PMCID: PMC8512530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a Kumada cross-coupling reaction of benzylic sulfonamides. The scope of the transformation includes acyclic and cyclic sulfonamide precursors that cleanly produce highly substituted acyclic fragments. Preliminary data are consistent with a stereospecific mechanism that allows for a diastereoselective reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elizabeth R. Jarvo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA; (K.A.H.); (C.A.H.); (A.C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tercenio QD, Alexanian EJ. Stereospecific Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Tosylate and Allyl Alcohol Electrophiles. Org Lett 2021; 23:7215-7219. [PMID: 34463502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The stereospecific cross-coupling of easily accessed electrophiles holds significant promise in the construction of C-C bonds. Herein, we report a nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of allyl alcohols with chiral, nonracemic alkyl tosylates. This cross-coupling delivers valuable allylation products with high levels of stereospecificity across a range of substrates. The catalytic system consists of a simple nickel salt in conjunction with a commercially available reductant and importantly represents a rare example of a cross-coupling involving the C-O bonds of two electrophiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin D Tercenio
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Erik J Alexanian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nambo M, Crudden CM. Transition Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Benzylic Sulfone Derivatives. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3978-3989. [PMID: 34523788 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of organosulfones as a new class of cross-coupling partner in transition-metal catalyzed reactions has undergone significant advancement. In this personal account, our recent investigations into desulfonylative cross-coupling reactions of benzylic sulfone derivatives catalyzed by Pd, Ni, and Cu catalysis is described. Combined with the facile α-functionalizations of sulfones, our methods can be used to form valuable multiply-arylated structures such as di-, tri-, and, tetraarylmethanes from readily available substrates. The reactivity of sulfones can be increased by introducing electron-withdrawing substituents such as 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, which enable more challenging cross-coupling reactions. Reactive intermediates including Cu-carbene complexes were identified as key intermediates in sulfone activation, representing new types of C-SO2 bond activation processes. These results indicate sulfones are powerful functional groups, enabling new catalytic desulfonylative transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Nambo
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-860, Japan
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-860, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu T, Wan JP, Liu Y. Metal-free enaminone C-N bond cyanation for the stereoselective synthesis of ( E)- and ( Z)-β-cyano enones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9112-9115. [PMID: 34498638 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03292e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A highly practical method for C-CN bond formation by C-N bond cleavage on enaminones leading to the efficient synthesis of β-cyano enones is developed. The reactions take place efficiently to provide (E)-β-cyano enones with only a molecular iodine catalyst. In addition, the additional employment of oxalic acid enables the selective synthesis of (Z)-β-cyano enones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.
| | - Yunyun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Reidl TW, Bandar JS. Lewis Basic Salt-Promoted Organosilane Coupling Reactions with Aromatic Electrophiles. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11939-11945. [PMID: 34314159 PMCID: PMC8510683 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lewis basic salts promote benzyltrimethylsilane coupling with (hetero)aryl nitriles, sulfones, and chlorides as a new route to 1,1-diarylalkanes. This method combines the substrate modularity and selectivity characteristic of cross-coupling with the practicality of a base-promoted protocol. In addition, a Lewis base strategy enables a complementary scope to existing methods, employs stable and easily prepared organosilanes, and achieves selective arylation in the presence of acidic functional groups. The utility of this method is demonstrated by the synthesis of pharmaceutical analogues and its use in multicomponent reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W. Reidl
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abe T, Noda K, Sawada D. Synthesis of α-substituted indolylacetamide using acetonitriles as acetamide enolate equivalents through O-transfer reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7493-7496. [PMID: 34212954 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02821a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We introduce readily available ammonium hemiaminals as O-transfer reagents and commercially available acetonitriles as a primary amide enolate precursor. The combination serves as an amide enolate equivalent, thereby providing one-pot access to α-substituted indolylacetamides. A broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance as well as gram-scale synthesis make this protocol highly attractive. Mechanistic experiments suggest that the cyano group is trapped by a hydroxy group of hemiaminals en route to the desired primary amides under metal-free conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Abe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan.
| | - Kenta Noda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Sawada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tcyrulnikov S, Cai Q, Twitty JC, Xu J, Atifi A, Bercher OP, Yap GPA, Rosenthal J, Watson MP, Kozlowski MC. Dissection of Alkylpyridinium Structures to Understand Deamination Reactions. ACS Catal 2021; 11:8456-8466. [PMID: 34745709 PMCID: PMC8570559 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Via conversion to Katritzky pyridinium salts, alkyl amines can now be used as alkyl radical precursors for a range of deaminative functionalization reactions. The key step of all these methods is single electron reduction of the pyridinium ring, which triggers C-N bond cleavage. However, little has been done to understand how the precise nature of the pyridinium influences these events. Using a combination of synthesis, computation, and electrochemistry, this study delineates the steric and electronic effects that substituents have on the canonical steps and the overall process. Depending on the approach taken, consideration of both the reduction and the subsequent radical dissociation may be necessary. Whereas the electronic effects on these steps work in opposition to each other, the steric effects are synergistic, with larger substituents favoring both steps. This understanding provides a framework for future design of pyridinium salts to match the mode of catalysis or activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Tcyrulnikov
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Qiuqi Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - J. Cameron Twitty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jianyu Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Abderrahman Atifi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Olivia P. Bercher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Corresponding Author , ,
| | - Mary P. Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Corresponding Author , ,
| | - Marisa C. Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Corresponding Author , ,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xie. P, Qin Z, Zhang S, Hong X. Understanding the Structure‐Activity Relationship of Ni‐Catalyzed Amide C−N Bond Activation using Distortion/Interaction Analysis. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei‐Pei Xie.
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P.R. China
| | - Zhi‐Xin Qin
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P.R. China
| | - Shuo‐Qing Zhang
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P.R. China
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xu J, Bercher OP, Watson MP. Overcoming the Naphthyl Requirement in Stereospecific Cross-Couplings to Form Quaternary Stereocenters. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8608-8613. [PMID: 34062058 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of a simple stilbene ligand has enabled a stereospecific Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of tertiary benzylic carboxylates, including those lacking naphthyl substituents. This method installs challenging all-carbon diaryl quaternary stereocenters in good yield and ee and represents an important breakthrough in the "naphthyl requirement" that pervades stereospecific cross-couplings involving enantioenriched electrophiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Xu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Olivia P Bercher
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Mary P Watson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang SQ, Hong X. Mechanism and Selectivity Control in Ni- and Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings Involving Carbon-Oxygen Bond Activation. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2158-2171. [PMID: 33826300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed C-O bond activation provides a useful strategy for utilizing alcohol- and phenol-derived electrophiles in cross-coupling reactions, which has become a research field of active and growing interest in organic chemistry. The synergy between computation and experiment elucidated the mechanistic model and controlling factors of selectivities in these transformations, leading to advances in innovative C-O bond activation and functionalization methods.Toward the rational design of C-O bond activation, our collaborations with the Jarvo group bridged the mechanistic models of C(sp2)-O and C(sp3)-O bond activations. We found that the nickel catalyst cleaves the benzylic and allylic C(sp3)-O bonds via two general mechanisms: the stereoinvertive SN2 back-side attack model and the stereoretentive chelation-assisted model. These two models control the stereochemistry in a wide array of stereospecific Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with benzylic or allylic alcohol derivatives. Because of the catalyst distortion, the ligands can differentiate the competing stereospecific C(sp3)-O bond activations. The PCy3 ligand interacts with nickel mainly through σ-donation, and the Ni(PCy3) catalyst can undergo facile bending of the substrate-nickel-ligand angle, which favors the stereoretentive benzylic C-O bond activation. The N-heterocyclic carbene SIMes ligand has additional d(metal)-p(ligand) back-donation with nickel, which leads to an extra energy penalty for the same angle bending. This results in the preference of stereoinvertive benzylic C-O bond activation under Ni/SIMes catalysis. In addition to ligand control, a Lewis acid can increase the selectivity for stereoinvertive C(sp3)-O activation by stabilizing the SN2 back-side attack transition state. The oxygen leaving group complexes with the MgI2 Lewis acid in the stereoinvertive activation, leading to the exclusive stereoinvertive Kumada coupling of benzylic ethers. We also identified that the competing C(sp3)-O bond activation models have noticeable differences in charge separation. This leads to the solvent polarity control of the stereospecificity in C(sp3)-O activations. Low-polarity solvents favor the neutral stereoretentive C-O bond activation, while high-polarity solvents favor the zwitterionic stereoinvertive cleavage.In sharp contrast to the nickel catalysts, the C(sp2)-O bond activation under palladium catalysis mainly proceeds via the classic three-membered ring oxidative addition mechanism instead of the chelation-assisted mechanism. This is due to the lower oxophilicity of palladium, which disfavors the oxygen coordination in the chelation-assisted-type activation. The three-membered ring activation model selectively cleaves the weak C-O bond, resulting in the exclusive chemoselectivity of acyl C-O bond activation in Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with aryl carboxylic acid derivatives. This explains the overall acylation in the Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling with aryl esters. In collaboration with the Szostak group, we revealed that the three-membered ring model applies in the Pd-catalyzed C-O bond activation of carboxylic acid anhydride, which stimulated the development of a series of Pd-catalyzed decarbonylative functionalizations of aryl carboxylic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Qing Zhang
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang C, Ma NN, Yu ZL, Shen C, Zhou X, Chu XQ, Rao W, Shen ZL. Palladium-catalyzed direct reductive cross-coupling of aryltrimethylammonium salts with aryl bromides. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed direct reductive cross-coupling of aryltrimethylammonium salts with aryl bromides proceeded efficiently in a one-pot manner in the presence of Mg turnings, LiCl, and TMEDA in THF to afford the corresponding biaryl compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Na-Na Ma
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zi-Lun Yu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chuanji Shen
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Xiaocong Zhou
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Chu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Shen
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu C, Song L, Peshkov VA, Van der Eycken EV. Facile construction of peptidomimetics by sequential C–S/C–N bond activation of Ugi-adducts. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01438b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diverse peptidomimetics containing a primary amide are prepared via the integration of an Ugi-4CR and sequential C–S/C–N bond activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liangliang Song
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Vsevolod A. Peshkov
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Erik V. Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Street 6, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu L, Wei H, Chen J, Zhang W. Development of Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Alcohol Derivatives to Construct Carbon-Carbon Bonds. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202106021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|