1
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Miyazaki M, Ogasawara K, Takekoshi Y, Miyashita K, Abe H, Niwa Y, Hosono H, Kitano M. Ammonia decomposition mediated at nitrogen vacancies on NaCl-type binary metal nitrides supporting transition metal nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6447-6450. [PMID: 38832782 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02250e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The ability of NaCl-type binary transition metal nitrides (incorporating La, Ce, Y, Zr or Hf) to act as catalytic supports facilitating ammonia decomposition was examined. The effect of nitrogen vacancies formed on nitrides can be understood in terms of the ionic radii of the metal cations. A clear correlation between the N2 desorption temperature and catalytic activity was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Miyazaki
- MDX Research Center for Element Strategy, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Kiya Ogasawara
- MDX Research Center for Element Strategy, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Yousuke Takekoshi
- MDX Research Center for Element Strategy, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Miyashita
- MDX Research Center for Element Strategy, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Abe
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1, Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Niwa
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1, Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Hideo Hosono
- MDX Research Center for Element Strategy, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Kitano
- MDX Research Center for Element Strategy, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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2
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Morishita M, Miyoshi H, Kawasaki H, Yanagita H. Stabilisation of solid-state cubic ammonia confined in a glass substance at ambient temperature under atmospheric pressure. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16128-16137. [PMID: 38769953 PMCID: PMC11103458 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00229f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ammonia, a widely available compound, exhibits structural transitions from solid to liquid to gas depending on temperature, pressure, and chemical interactions with adjacent atoms, offering valuable insights into planetary science. It serves as a significant hydrogen storage medium in environmental science, mitigating carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels. However, its gaseous form, NH3(g), poses health risks, potentially leading to fatalities. The sublimation pressure (psub) of solid cubic ammonia, NH3(cr), below 195.5 K is minimal. In this study, we endeavoured to stabilise NH3(cr) at room temperature for the first time. Through confinement within a boric acid glass matrix, we successfully synthesised and stabilised cubic crystal NH3(cr) with a lattice constant of 0.5165 nm under atmospheric pressure. Thermodynamic simulations affirmed the stabilisation of NH3(cr), indicating its quasi-equilibrium state based on the estimated standard Gibbs energy of formation, . Despite these advancements, the extraction of H2(g) from NH3(cr) within the boric acid glass matrix remains unresolved. The quest for an external matrix with catalytic capabilities to decompose inner NH3(cr) into H2(g) and N2(g) presents a promising avenue for future research. Achieving stability of the low-temperature phase at ambient conditions could significantly propel exploration in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Morishita
- National Institute of Materials Science (NIMS) (Formerly Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science), University of Hyogo Japan
| | - Hayate Miyoshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Hyogo Japan
| | - Haruto Kawasaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Hyogo Japan
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3
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Wen J, Wen H, Wu H, Yang L, Guan Y, Cai Y, Gao W, Wang Q, Zhang S, Guo J, Chen P. Behavior of Lithium Amide Under Argon Plasma. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400221. [PMID: 38656613 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Alkali and alkaline earth metal amides are a type of functional materials for hydrogen storage, thermal energy storage, ion conduction, and chemical transformations such as ammonia synthesis and decomposition. The thermal chemistry of lithium amide (LiNH2), as a simple but representative alkali or alkaline earth metal amide, has been well studied previously encouraged by its potentials in hydrogen storage. In comparison, little is known about the interaction of plasma and LiNH2. Herein, we report that the plasma treatment of LiNH2 in an Ar flow under ambient temperature and pressure gives rise to distinctly different reaction products and reaction pathway from that of the thermal process. We found that plasma treatment of LiNH2 leads to the formation of Li colloids, N2, and H2 as observed by UV-vis absorption, EPR, and gas products analysis. Inspired by this very unique interaction between plasma and LiNH2, a chemical loop for ammonia decomposition to N2 and H2 mediated by LiNH2 was proposed and demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong Wen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Han Wu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yeqin Guan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongli Cai
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenbo Gao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qianru Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shaoqian Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Center of Materials and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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4
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Ulucan T, Wang J, Onur E, Chen S, Behrens M, Weidenthaler C. Unveiling the Structure-Property Relationship of MgO-Supported Ni Ammonia Decomposition Catalysts from Bulk to Atomic Structure by In Situ/Operando Studies. ACS Catal 2024; 14:2828-2841. [PMID: 38449535 PMCID: PMC10913046 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c05629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia is currently being studied intensively as a hydrogen carrier in the context of the energy transition. The endothermic decomposition reaction requires the use of suitable catalysts. In this study, transition metal Ni on MgO as a support is investigated with respect to its catalytic properties. The synthesis method and the type of activation process contribute significantly to the catalytic properties. Both methods, coprecipitation (CP) and wet impregnation (WI), lead to the formation of Mg1-xNixO solid solutions as catalyst precursors. X-ray absorption studies reveal that CP leads to a more homogeneous distribution of Ni2+ cations in the solid solution, which is advantageous for a homogeneous distribution of active Ni catalysts on the MgO support. Activation in hydrogen at 900 °C reduces nickel, which migrates to the support surface and forms metal nanoparticles between 6 nm (CP) and 9 nm (WI), as shown by ex situ STEM. Due to the homogeneously distributed Ni2+ cations in the solid solution structure, CP samples are more difficult to activate and require harsher conditions to reduce the Ni. The combination of in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and operando total scattering experiments allows a structure-property investigation of the bulk down to the atomic level during the catalytic reaction. Activation in H2 at 900 °C for 2 h leads to the formation of large Ni particles (20-30 nm) for the samples synthesized by the WI method, whereas Ni stays significantly smaller for the CP samples (10-20 nm). Sintering has a negative influence on the catalytic conversion of the WI samples, which is significantly lower compared to the conversion observed for the CP samples. Interestingly, metallic Ni redisperses during cooling and becomes invisible for conventional XRD but can still be detected by total scattering methods. The conditions of activation in NH3 at 650 °C are not suitable to form enough reduced Ni nanoparticles from the solid solution and are, therefore, not a suitable activation procedure. The activity steadily increases in the samples activated at 650 °C in NH3 (Group 1) compared to the samples activated at 650 °C in H2 and then reaches the best activity in the samples activated at 900 °C in H2. Only the combination of complementary in situ and ex situ characterization methods provides enough information to identify important structure-property relationships among these promising ammonia decomposition catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga
H. Ulucan
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, DE-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jihao Wang
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu
Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ezgi Onur
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, DE-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Shilong Chen
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu
Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Malte Behrens
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu
Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia Weidenthaler
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, DE-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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5
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Mizoguchi H, Osawa Y, Sasase M, Ohashi N, Kitano M, Hosono H. Ammonia Cracking Catalyzed by Ni Nanoparticles Confined in the Framework of CeO 2 Support. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9516-9520. [PMID: 37852194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
For the extraction of hydrogen from ammonia at low temperatures, we investigated Ni-based catalysts fabricated by the thermal decomposition of RNi5 intermetallics (R = Ce or Y). The interconnected microstructure formed via phase separation between the Ni catalyst and the resulting oxide support was observed to evolve via low-temperature thermal decomposition of RNi5. The resulting Ni/CeO2 nanocomposite exhibited superior catalytic activity of ∼25% at 400 °C for NH3 cracking. The high catalytic activity was attributed to the interlocking of Ni nanoparticles with the CeO2 framework. The growth of Ni nanoparticles was prevented by this interconnected microstructure, in which the Ni nanoparticles incorporated nitrogen owing to the size effect, whereas Ni does not commonly form nitrides. To the best of our knowledge, this is a unique example of a microstructure that enhances catalytic NH3 cracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Mizoguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yuta Osawa
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masato Sasase
- MDX Research Center for Element Strategy, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohashi
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kitano
- MDX Research Center for Element Strategy, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hideo Hosono
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- MDX Research Center for Element Strategy, International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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6
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Li Z, Lu Y, Li J, Xu M, Qi Y, Park SW, Kitano M, Hosono H, Chen JS, Ye TN. Multiple reaction pathway on alkaline earth imide supported catalysts for efficient ammonia synthesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6373. [PMID: 37821432 PMCID: PMC10567757 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tunability of reaction pathways is required for exploring efficient and low cost catalysts for ammonia synthesis. There is an obstacle by the limitations arising from scaling relation for this purpose. Here, we demonstrate that the alkali earth imides (AeNH) combined with transition metal (TM = Fe, Co and Ni) catalysts can overcome this difficulty by utilizing functionalities arising from concerted role of active defects on the support surface and loaded transition metals. These catalysts enable ammonia production through multiple reaction pathways. The reaction rate of Co/SrNH is as high as 1686.7 mmol·gCo-1·h-1 and the TOFs reaches above 500 h-1 at 400 °C and 0.9 MPa, outperforming other reported Co-based catalysts as well as the benchmark Cs-Ru/MgO catalyst and industrial wüstite-based Fe catalyst under the same reaction conditions. Experimental and theoretical results show that the synergistic effect of nitrogen affinity of 3d TMs and in-situ formed NH2- vacancy of alkali earth imides regulate the reaction pathways of the ammonia production, resulting in distinct catalytic performance different from 3d TMs. It was thus demonstrated that the appropriate combination of metal and support is essential for controlling the reaction pathway and realizing highly active and low cost catalysts for ammonia synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichuang Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yangfan Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Miao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Power Sources, Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai, 200245, China
| | - Yanpeng Qi
- School of Physical Science and Technology Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kitano
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Hideo Hosono
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Jie-Sheng Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tian-Nan Ye
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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7
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Yu X, Cheng Y, Li Y, Polo-Garzon F, Liu J, Mamontov E, Li M, Lennon D, Parker SF, Ramirez-Cuesta AJ, Wu Z. Neutron Scattering Studies of Heterogeneous Catalysis. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37315192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the structural dynamics/evolution of catalysts and the related surface chemistry is essential for establishing structure-catalysis relationships, where spectroscopic and scattering tools play a crucial role. Among many such tools, neutron scattering, though less-known, has a unique power for investigating catalytic phenomena. Since neutrons interact with the nuclei of matter, the neutron-nucleon interaction provides unique information on light elements (mainly hydrogen), neighboring elements, and isotopes, which are complementary to X-ray and photon-based techniques. Neutron vibrational spectroscopy has been the most utilized neutron scattering approach for heterogeneous catalysis research by providing chemical information on surface/bulk species (mostly H-containing) and reaction chemistry. Neutron diffraction and quasielastic neutron scattering can also supply important information on catalyst structures and dynamics of surface species. Other neutron approaches, such as small angle neutron scattering and neutron imaging, have been much less used but still give distinctive catalytic information. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in neutron scattering investigations of heterogeneous catalysis, focusing on surface adsorbates, reaction mechanisms, and catalyst structural changes revealed by neutron spectroscopy, diffraction, quasielastic neutron scattering, and other neutron techniques. Perspectives are also provided on the challenges and future opportunities in neutron scattering studies of heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbin Yu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
| | - Felipe Polo-Garzon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
| | - Jue Liu
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Eugene Mamontov
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Meijun Li
- Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - David Lennon
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart F Parker
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Anibal J Ramirez-Cuesta
- Neutron Technologies Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Zili Wu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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8
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CeO2 modified Ru/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for ammonia decomposition reaction. J RARE EARTH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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9
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Caballero LC, Thornburg NE, Nigra MM. Catalytic ammonia reforming: alternative routes to net-zero-carbon hydrogen and fuel. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12945-12956. [PMID: 36425514 PMCID: PMC9667930 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04672e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ammonia is an energy-dense liquid hydrogen carrier and fuel whose accessible dissociation chemistries offer promising alternatives to hydrogen electrolysis, compression and dispensing at scale. Catalytic ammonia reforming has thus emerged as an area of renewed focus within the ammonia and hydrogen energy research & development communities. However, a majority of studies emphasize the discovery of new catalytic materials and their evaluation under idealized laboratory conditions. This Perspective highlights recent advances in ammonia reforming catalysts and their demonstrations in realistic application scenarios. Key knowledge gaps and technical needs for real reformer devices are emphasized and presented alongside enabling catalyst and reaction engineering fundamentals to spur future investigations into catalytic ammonia reforming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis C Caballero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Nicholas E Thornburg
- Center for Integrated Mobility Sciences, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO USA
| | - Michael M Nigra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
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10
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Chon S, Sugisawa Y, Kobayashi S, Nishio K, Wilde M, Kishi N, Sekiba D, Fukutani K, Hitosugi T, Shimizu R. Selective Epitaxial Growth of Ca 2NH and CaNH Thin Films by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering under Hydrogen Partial Pressure Control. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10169-10174. [PMID: 36279198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Calcium compounds with N and H are promising catalysts for NH3 conversion, and their epitaxial thin films provide a platform to quantitatively understand the catalytic activities. Here we report the selective epitaxial growth of Ca2NH and CaNH thin films by controlling the hydrogen partial pressure (PH2) during reactive magnetron sputtering. We find that the hydrogen charge states can be tuned by PH2: Ca2NH containing H- is formed at PH2 < 0.04 Pa, while CaNH containing H+ is formed at PH2 > 0.04 Pa. In situ plasma emission spectroscopy reveals that the intensity of the Ca atomic emission (∼422 nm) decreases as PH2 increases, suggesting that Ca reacts with H2 and N2 to form Ca2NH at lower PH2, whereas at higher PH2, CaHx is first formed on the target surface and then sputtered to produce CaNH. This study provides a novel route to control the hydrogen charge states in Ca-N-H epitaxial thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoungmin Chon
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugisawa
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kobayashi
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nishio
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Markus Wilde
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kishi
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Daiichiro Sekiba
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
- Tandem Accelerator Complex (UTTAC), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Fukutani
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Naka, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Taro Hitosugi
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryota Shimizu
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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11
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Chen G, Qu J, Cheah P, Cao D, Zhao Y, Xiang Y. Size-Dependent Activity of Iron Nanoparticles in Both Thermal and Plasma Driven Catalytic Ammonia Decomposition. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Genwei Chen
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Jing Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Pohlee Cheah
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Dongmei Cao
- Material Characterization Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Yongfeng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Yizhi Xiang
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
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12
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Varadwaj A, Varadwaj PR, Marques HM, Yamashita K. The Pnictogen Bond, Together with Other Non-Covalent Interactions, in the Rational Design of One-, Two- and Three-Dimensional Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Metal Halide Perovskite Semiconducting Materials, and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158816. [PMID: 35955945 PMCID: PMC9369011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pnictogen bond, a somewhat overlooked supramolecular chemical synthon known since the middle of the last century, is one of the promising types of non-covalent interactions yet to be fully understood by recognizing and exploiting its properties for the rational design of novel functional materials. Its bonding modes, energy profiles, vibrational structures and charge density topologies, among others, have yet to be comprehensively delineated, both theoretically and experimentally. In this overview, attention is largely centered on the nature of nitrogen-centered pnictogen bonds found in organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskites and closely related structures deposited in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and the Inorganic Chemistry Structural Database (ICSD). Focusing on well-characterized structures, it is shown that it is not merely charge-assisted hydrogen bonds that stabilize the inorganic frameworks, as widely assumed and well-documented, but simultaneously nitrogen-centered pnictogen bonding, and, depending on the atomic constituents of the organic cation, other non-covalent interactions such as halogen bonding and/or tetrel bonding, are also contributors to the stabilizing of a variety of materials in the solid state. We have shown that competition between pnictogen bonding and other interactions plays an important role in determining the tilting of the MX6 (X = a halogen) octahedra of metal halide perovskites in one, two and three-dimensions. The pnictogen interactions are identified to be directional even in zero-dimensional crystals, a structural feature in many engineered ordered materials; hence an interplay between them and other non-covalent interactions drives the structure and the functional properties of perovskite materials and enabling their application in, for example, photovoltaics and optoelectronics. We have demonstrated that nitrogen in ammonium and its derivatives in many chemical systems acts as a pnictogen bond donor and contributes to conferring stability, and hence functionality, to crystalline perovskite systems. The significance of these non-covalent interactions should not be overlooked, especially when the focus is centered on the rationale design and discovery of such highly-valued materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Varadwaj
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (P.R.V.)
| | - Pradeep R. Varadwaj
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (P.R.V.)
| | - Helder M. Marques
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Koichi Yamashita
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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