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Hao E, Kong X, Xu T, Zeng F. Synthesis of indolines via palladium-catalyzed [4 + 1] annulation of (2-aminophenyl)methanols with sulfoxonium ylides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6342-6351. [PMID: 39041823 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00983e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
A facile strategy for the synthesis of valuable indolines has been developed, involving a palladium(II)/Brønsted acid co-catalyzed annulation of readily available (2-aminophenyl)methanols and sulfoxonium ylides. This protocol allows for the direct utilization of the OH group as a leaving group, tolerates alkyl and aryl groups on the N atom of the aniline moiety, operates under mild reaction conditions, and exhibits good efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erxiao Hao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaomei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Tongyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Fanlong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, P. R. China.
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2
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Ghosh A, Rana T, Bhaduri N, Pawar AB. Reverse Regioselective Cp*Co(III)-Catalyzed [4 + 2] C-H Annulation of N-Chloroamides with Vinylsilanes: Synthesis of 4-Silylated Isoquinolones and Their Synthetic Utilities. Org Lett 2023; 25:7878-7883. [PMID: 37871162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a Cp*Co(III)-catalyzed reverse regioselective [4 + 2] annulation of N-chlorobenzamides/acrylamides with vinylsilanes for the synthesis of 4-silylated isoquinolones. The reaction was performed at ambient temperature under redox-neutral conditions. The reaction utilized the N-Cl bond as an internal oxidant, furnished the required products with excellent regioselectivities, and demonstrated high functional group tolerance. The synthetic utility of 4-silylated isoquinolones has been demonstrated for the preparation of 4-heteroarylated and 4-alkylated isoquinolones via metal-free C-C couplings. Additionally, 3,4-dihydroisoquinolones were synthesized via protodesilylation of 4-silylated isoquinolones, thus making vinylsilane an ethylene surrogate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
| | - Tamanna Rana
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
| | - Nilanjan Bhaduri
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
| | - Amit B Pawar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
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de Carvalho RL, Diogo EBT, Homölle SL, Dana S, da Silva Júnior EN, Ackermann L. The crucial role of silver(I)-salts as additives in C-H activation reactions: overall analysis of their versatility and applicability. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6359-6378. [PMID: 37655711 PMCID: PMC10714919 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00328k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal catalyzed C-H activation reactions have been proven to be useful methodologies for the assembly of synthetically meaningful molecules. This approach bears intrinsic peculiarities that are important to be studied and comprehended in order to achieve its best performance. One example is the use of additives for the in situ generation of catalytically active species. This strategy varies according to the type of additive and the nature of the pre-catalyst that is being used. Thus, silver(I)-salts have proven to play an important role, due to the resulting high reactivity derived from the pre-catalysts of the main transition metals used so far. While being powerful and versatile, the use of silver-based additives can raise concerns, since superstoichiometric amounts of silver(I)-salts are typically required. Therefore, it is crucial to first understand the role of silver(I) salts as additives, in order to wisely overcome this barrier and shift towards silver-free systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato L de Carvalho
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Emilay B T Diogo
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Simon L Homölle
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Suman Dana
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Kang N, Zhao ZX, Zhang HX. Mechanistic Study on CpRh(III)-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Annulation of Aniline Derivatives with Vinylsilanes: A DFT Study. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37167409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The rhodium(III)-catalyzed reaction of aniline derivatives that contain a pyrimidine-directing group with vinylsilanes results in the formation of C3-substituted indoline derivatives. The reaction path and formation of the indoline product with density functional theory calculations were analyzed. This study reveals that the whole catalysis can be characterized in the following stages: (I) C-H activation via concerted metalation deprotonation, (II) 2,1-vinylsilane insertion, (III) deprotonation of the NH amide proton, (IV) the oxidation of Ag+, and (V) reductive elimination. These steps are kinetically and thermodynamically feasible for experimental realization under mild conditions, and the insertion step with a barrier of 22.0 kcal/mol should not only be the critical step of regioselectivity but also the rate-determining step during the whole catalysis. Computations reveal that the Ag+ oxidation can accelerate the reductive elimination step after the formation of natural intermediate, thus highlighting the role of Ag+ as a catalytic promoter for the oxidatively induced reactivity of the Rh catalyst in C3-substituted indoline synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Kang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - Zeng-Xia Zhao
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
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Liu B, Rao J, Liu W, Gao Y, Huo Y, Chen Q, Li X. Ligand-assisted olefin-switched divergent oxidative Heck cascade with molecular oxygen enabled by self-assembled imines. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3qo00316g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Divergent oxidative Heck reaction has proven to be reliable for the rapid construction of molecular complexity, while olefins switched the outcome that remained underexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bairong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianhang Rao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weibing Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 2 Guandu Road, Maoming 525000, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xianwei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Li W, Zhou H, He Y, Zeng G, Zheng Y, Hu Y, Chen Z, Ge JY, Lv N, Chen J. Synthesis of Diverse γ-Lactams via Rh-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-H Addition to Aliphatic Nitriles. Org Lett 2022; 24:5090-5094. [PMID: 35830465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We herein report an unprecedented pathway to access γ-lactams using acetonitrile analogues as coupling partners without oxidants, ligands, and Lewis acids. The reaction undergoes Rh-catalyzed C(sp2)-H addition to carbon-bound nitriles with the aid of an amide traceless auxiliary followed by an annulation sequence, featuring a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and excellent chemo/stereoselectivity. Scale-up reactions and late-stage derivatizations highlight the potential synthetic utility of this methodology. A plausible mechanism is proposed based on mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Li
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Honggui Zhou
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yequan He
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ge Zeng
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yumeng Zheng
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yangni Hu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhongyan Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Ge
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ningning Lv
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiuxi Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Khake SM, Chatani N. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Oxidative C–H Alkylation of Aniline Derivatives with Allylic Alcohols To Produce β-Aryl Ketones. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant M. Khake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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