1
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Zhang W, Li Z, Hu H, Wang J, Xu ZF, Yu M, Li CY. Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Furan-Tethered Benzocyclobutenes via Carbene-Mediated 1,4-Sulfinate Migration-Annulation. Org Lett 2024; 26:5453-5457. [PMID: 38913009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed intramolecular cascade reaction of conjugated enynones has been achieved via a pivotal 1,4-sulfinate migration step. This process leverages a cost-effective and ecofriendly copper salt as catalyst, enabling the efficient construction of five- and four-membered rings in a rapid, sequential manner, producing furan-tethered benzocyclobutenes in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. The reaction is characterized by 100% atom economy, outstanding efficiency, and excellent diastereoselectivity in the cases studied. The robustness of this method is evidenced by its compatibility with air exposure and the use of undistilled, commercially available solvents, further enhancing its practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha West Higher Education District, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha West Higher Education District, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huiqin Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha West Higher Education District, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jingwei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha West Higher Education District, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ze-Feng Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha West Higher Education District, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Mingming Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha West Higher Education District, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chuan-Ying Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha West Higher Education District, Hangzhou 310018, China
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2
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Zhao H, Lin Y, Jiang M, Su B. A general catalytic synthetic strategy for highly strained methylenecyclobutanes and spiromethylenecyclobutanes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7897-7904. [PMID: 37502320 PMCID: PMC10370550 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01103h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly strained methylenecyclobutanes (MCBs) are intriguing scaffolds in synthetic chemistry and drug discovery, but there is no such strategy that enables the synthesis of structurally diverse MCBs with defined stereochemistry. We report a general synthetic strategy for (boromethylene)cyclobutanes (BMCBs) and spiro-BMCBs by a challenging Cu-catalyzed highly chemo-, stereo-, and regioselective borylative cyclization of aliphatic alkynes. This strategy not only enables the installation of various functionalities at each site on the MCB skeleton with unambiguous stereochemistry but also introduces a versatile boromethylene unit that is readily transformable to a wide range of new functional groups; these features significantly expand the structural diversity of MCBs and are particularly valuable in drug discovery. The concise and divergent total syntheses of four cyclobutane-containing natural products were achieved from one common BMCB obtained by this strategy. The origin of the high regioselectivity in the borylcupration of alkynes and the high efficiency of the strained ring cyclization was also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Yu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Bo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
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3
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Yang JM, Lin YK, Sheng T, Hu L, Cai XP, Yu JQ. Regio-controllable [2+2] benzannulation with two adjacent C(sp 3)-H bonds. Science 2023; 380:639-644. [PMID: 37167386 PMCID: PMC10243499 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg5282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Regiocontrol in traditional cycloaddition reactions between unsaturated carbon compounds is often challenging. The increasing focus in modern medicinal chemistry on benzocyclobutene (BCB) scaffolds indicates the need for alternative, more selective routes to diverse rigid carbocycles rich in C(sp3) character. Here, we report a palladium-catalyzed double C-H activation of two adjacent methylene units in carboxylic acids, enabled by bidentate amide-pyridone ligands, to achieve a regio-controllable synthesis of BCBs through a formal [2+2] cycloaddition involving σ bonds only (two C-H bonds and two aryl-halogen bonds). A wide range of cyclic and acyclic aliphatic acids, as well as dihaloheteroarenes, are compatible, generating diversely functionalized BCBs and hetero-BCBs present in drug molecules and bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Min Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yu-Kun Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tao Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Xin-Pei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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4
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Guo R, Witherspoon BP, Brown MK. Stereoselective [2+2]-Cycloadditions of chiral allenic ketones and alkenes: Applications towards the synthesis of benzocyclobutenes and endiandric acids. Tetrahedron 2022; 122:132932. [PMID: 36685046 PMCID: PMC9850822 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cyclobutanes are important motifs that have found utility in many contexts. Prior work has demonstrated an enantioselective isomerization/stereoselective [2 + 2] as a means to access bicyclo [4.2.0] octanes. Herein, the utility of this method is demonstrated towards the synthesis of benzocyclobutenes and a key intermediate towards the endiandric acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Kevin Brown
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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5
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Brześkiewicz J, Loska R. Palladium-Catalyzed Access to Benzocyclobutenone-Derived Ketonitrones via C(sp 2)-H Functionalization. Org Lett 2022; 24:3960-3964. [PMID: 35613705 PMCID: PMC9278523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
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The palladium-catalyzed
C(sp2)–H functionalization
of bromoaryl aldonitrones leading to benzocyclobutenone-derived
ketonitrones is described. This method allows for the preparation
of a wide range of strained, four-membered ketonitrones with broad
functional group tolerance. Downstream transformations of the formed
products were readily demonstrated, illustrating the synthetic utility
of the obtained benzocyclobutenone-derived nitrones for the
construction of polycyclic nitrogen-containing scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Brześkiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Loska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Fujii T, Gallarati S, Corminboeuf C, Wang Q, Zhu J. Modular Synthesis of Benzocyclobutenes via Pd(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative [2+2] Annulation of Arylboronic Acids with Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8920-8926. [PMID: 35561421 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzocyclobutenes (BCBs) are highly valuable compounds in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and materials science. However, catalytic modular synthesis of functionalized BCBs from easily accessible starting materials remains limited. We report herein an efficient synthesis of diversely functionalized BCBs by a Pd(II)-catalyzed formal [2+2] annulation between arylboronic acids and alkenes in the presence of N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI). An intermolecular carbopalladation followed by palladium oxidation, intramolecular C(sp2)-H activation by a transient C(sp3)-Pd(IV) species, and selective carbon-carbon (C-C) bond-forming reductive elimination from a high-valent five-membered palladacycle is proposed to account for the reaction outcome. Kinetically competent oxidation of alkylPd(II) to alkylPd(IV) species is important to avoid the formation of a Heck adduct. The reaction forges two C-C bonds of the cyclobutene core and is compatible with a wide range of functional groups. No chelating bidentate directing group in the alkene part is needed for this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Fujii
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simone Gallarati
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design (LCMD), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design (LCMD), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Ding Z, Liu Z, Wang Z, Yu T, Xu M, Wen J, Yang K, Zhang H, Xu L, Li P. Catalysis with Diboron(4)/Pyridine: Application to the Broad-Scope [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Cyclopropanes and Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8870-8882. [PMID: 35532758 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the extensive but non-recyclable use of tetraalkoxydiboron(4) compounds as stoichiometric reagents in diverse reactions, this article reports an atom-economical reaction using a commercial diboron(4) as the catalyst. The key to success was designing a catalytic cycle for radical [3 + 2] cycloaddition involving a pyridine cocatalyst to generate from the diboron(4) catalyst and reversibly mediate the transfer of boronyl radicals. In comparison with known [3 + 2] cycloaddition with transition metal-based catalysts, the current reaction features not only metal-free conditions, inexpensive and stable catalysts, and simple operation but also remarkably broadened substrate scope. In particular, previously unusable cyclopropyl ketones without an activating group and/or alkenes with 1,2-disubstitution and 1,1,2-trisubstitution patterns were successfully used for the first time. Consequently, challenging cyclopentane compounds with various levels of substitution (65 examples, 57 new products, up to six substituents at all five ring atoms) were readily prepared in generally high to excellent yield and diastereoselectivity. The reaction was also successfully applied in concise formal synthesis of an anti-obesity drug and building natural product-like complex bridged or spirocyclic compounds. Mechanistic experiments and computational investigation support the proposed radical relay catalysis featuring a pyridine-assisted boronyl radical catalyst. Overall, this work demonstrates the first approach to use tetraalkoxydiboron(4) compounds as catalysts and may lead to the development of new, green, and efficient transition metal-like boron-catalyzed organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jingru Wen
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Kaiyan Yang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Dai L, Xu D, Mao Y, Zhu J, Yang M. Structures and Synthetic Strategies of Chiral Oxazolinyl Ferrocene Derivatives. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202201037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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