1
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Xu P, Liu YQ, Jiang HX, Hao TZ, Yan SY, Liu ZT, Zhu X. Photoinduced Radical Approach for Desulfurative Alkylation of Cysteine Derivatives to Make Unnatural Amino Acids. Org Lett 2024; 26:8854-8859. [PMID: 39365118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Unnatural amino acids (UAAs) are highly valuable molecules in organic synthesis, pharmaceutical sciences, and material science. Herein, we present a photocatalytic radical approach for desulfurative alkylation of cysteine derivatives with arenethiol as the hydrogen atom transfer catalyst for making UAAs and peptides. The formate salt, acting as the hydrogen atom donor, in situ generates the highly reductive CO2 radical anion species, which is the key to unlocking the C-S bond cleavage process with a simple benzoyl protecting group. No photocatalyst is required for the radical initiation and propagation, which makes such a visible-light-induced process mild, efficient, and sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yi-Qin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Hui-Xian Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Tian-Zi Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Si-Yi Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zhi-Tao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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2
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Xie S, Lan Y, Liu B. Light-Driven Formate-Salts-Induced Cleavage of Oxidized Lignin Model Compounds. Org Lett 2024; 26:8249-8253. [PMID: 39316759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
We report a light-induced cleavage of oxidized lignin model compounds utilizing formate salts. For compounds containing an aliphatic hydroxyl (γ-OH) group, the employment of a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalyst was crucial to preserving the efficacy of the fragmentation reaction. Furthermore, we successfully converted a trimeric oxidized model compound into the desired products with moderate yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
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3
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Ruzi R, Shu W. Visible-Light-Mediated Ni-Catalyzed Gas-Free Carboxylation: Stereodivergent Synthesis of E- and Z-Acrylic Acids. Org Lett 2024; 26:7926-7931. [PMID: 39250168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Stereodivergent syntheses of different scaffolds from identical starting materials by switching the fewest parameters are among the most appealing synthetic technologies. Herein, a visible-light mediated Ni-catalyzed carboxylation of vinyl halides with formates has been developed, affording acrylic acids in both Z- and E-configurations from identical vinyl halides. The reaction features Ni-catalyzed gas-free carboxylation of vinyl halides by utilizing formates as a surrogate of carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehanguli Ruzi
- Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shu
- Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000 Sichuan, P. R. China
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4
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Xu P, Jiang HQ, Xu H, Wang S, Jiang HX, Zhu SL, Yin L, Guo D, Zhu X. Photocatalytic deuterocarboxylation of alkynes with oxalate. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13041-13048. [PMID: 39148785 PMCID: PMC11323338 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03586k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, a catalytic photoredox-neutral strategy for alkyne deuterocarboxylation with tetrabutylammonium oxalate as the carbonyl source and D2O as the deuteration agent was described. For the first time, the oxalic salt acted as both the reductant and carbonyl source through single electron transfer and subsequential homolysis of the C-C bond. The strongly reductive CO2 radical anion species in situ generated from oxalate played significant roles in realizing the global deuterocarboxylation of terminal and internal alkynes to access various tetra- and tri-deuterated aryl propionic acids with high yields and deuteration ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University 209 Tongshan Road Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Hao-Qiang Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University 209 Tongshan Road Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Hui Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University 209 Tongshan Road Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Sai Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University 209 Tongshan Road Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Hui-Xian Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University 209 Tongshan Road Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Song-Lei Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University 209 Tongshan Road Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Long Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University 209 Tongshan Road Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Dong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University 209 Tongshan Road Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University 209 Tongshan Road Xuzhou 221004 China
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5
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Li H, Chen Y, Huang H, Cheng Z, Bai S, Lai F, Zhang N, Liu T. Amorphous ZnSnO x Hollow Spheres Enable Highly Efficient CO 2 Reduction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301694. [PMID: 38470947 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption and electron transport play an important role in CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Herein, we have demonstrated a new class of diverse hollow ZnSnOx (ZSO) through the amorphization of hydroxides to enhance CO2 adsorption and accelerate electron transport. The amorphization is occurred by calcination process, as indicated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectra. In particular, the ZnSnOx hollow spheres (ZSO HSs) achieve a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of HCOOH up to 92.7 % at best, outperforming the commercial ZSO (Comm. ZSO, 85.7 %). ZSO HSs also exhibit durable stability with negligible activity decay after 10 h of successive electrolysis. In-situ attenuated total reflectance infrared absorption spectroscopy further reveals strong adsorption of CO2 and rapid intermediate configuration transformation in amorphous ZSO HSs. This work demonstrates the practical application of ZSO for CO2RR and provides a new insight to create efficient CO2RR electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Honggang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zijing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Shuxing Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Feili Lai
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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6
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Yang H, Yang Q, Yao Y, Gu P, Sun J, Sun S. Visible-Light-Promoted Cascade Carboxylation/Arylation of Unactivated Alkenes with CO 2 for the Synthesis of Carboxylated Indole-Fused Heterocycles. Org Lett 2024; 26:6341-6346. [PMID: 39024314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Described here is a visible-light-promoted cascade carboxylation/arylation of indole-tethered unactivated alkenes with CO2 to access various carboxylated indole-fused heterocycles. This reaction is initiated by the addition of a CO2 radical anion to the alkene motif toward an alkyl carbon radical, followed by its addition to the aromatic ring, and then rearomatization to afford the final products. This reaction provides a facile and sustainable protocol for the construction of carboxylated indole-fused heterocycles using CO2 as the carboxylic source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yang Yao
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Peiyang Gu
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Song Sun
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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7
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Ren W, Sheng X, Shi Y. Pd-Catalyzed Regioselective Hydrocarboxylation of Alkyl Terminal Olefins with Oxalic Acid. Org Lett 2024; 26:6174-6178. [PMID: 39018357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed regioselective hydrocarboxylation of alkyl terminal olefins with oxalic acid is described. A wide variety of linear carboxylic acids can be readily obtained in good yields and high l/b (linear/branched) ratios with Pd2(dba)3 and (p-ClPh)3P under mild conditions. The reaction process is operationally simple and requires no handling of toxic CO. In addition, branched carboxylic acids can also be formed in good regioselectivities with PdCl2 and (2',6'-dimethoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)diphenylphosphine (L1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xujian Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yian Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering Institute of Natural and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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8
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Lu X, Li Y, He X, Song P, Chai Z. Heterogeneous Photocatalytic C(sp 2)-H Activation of Formate for Hydrocarboxylation of Alkenes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402003. [PMID: 38801064 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Light-driven carboxylation offers a promising approach for synthesizing valuable fine chemicals under mild conditions. Here we disclose a heterogeneous photocatalytic strategy of C(sp2)-H activation of formate for hydrocarboxylation of alkenes over zinc indium sulfide (ZnIn2S4) under visible light. This protocol functions well with a variety of substituted styrenes with good to excellent yields; it also works for unactivated alkenes albeit with lower yields. Mechanistic studies confirm the existence of CO2⋅- as a key intermediate. It was found that C(sp2)-H activation of formate is induced by S⋅ species on the surface of ZnIn2S4 via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) instead of a photogenerated hole oxidation mechanism. Moreover, both cleavage of the C(sp2)-H of HCOO- and formation of a benzylic anion were found to be involved in the rate-determining step for the hydrocarboxylation of styrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xinyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pengfei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhigang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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9
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Zhang F, Wu XY, Gao PP, Zhang H, Li Z, Ai S, Li G. Visible-light-driven alkene dicarboxylation with formate and CO 2 under mild conditions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6178-6183. [PMID: 38665514 PMCID: PMC11041354 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04431a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-cost formate salt was used as the reductant and part of the carboxyl source in a visible-light-driven dicarboxylation of diverse alkenes, including simple styrenes. The highly competing hydrocarboxylation side reaction was successfully overridden. Good yields of products were obtained under mild reaction conditions at ambient temperature and pressure of CO2. The dual role of formate salt may stimulate the discovery of a range of new transformations under mild and friendly conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhang Jiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Xiao-Yang Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhang Jiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Pan-Pan Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhang Jiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhang Jiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhu Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhang Jiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Shangde Ai
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhang Jiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Gang Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhang Jiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
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10
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Zhang XM, Liu BE, Zhang ZQ, Zhan ZP. Visible-light-promoted regioselective hydrocarboxylation of allenes with formate salt and CO 2. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3245-3248. [PMID: 38567821 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00343h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Visible-light-promoted hydrocarboxylation of allenes with formate salt and CO2 was developed for the first time using commercially available [Ir(ppy)2(dtbbpy)]PF6 as a photocatalyst. This strategy provides an efficient and practical method to access β,γ-unsaturated linear carboxylic acids in moderate yields with complete regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361001 Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bao-En Liu
- Gulei Innovation Institute, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363100, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Qiang Zhang
- Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory Company, Ltd, Kunming 650106, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhuang-Ping Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361001 Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- Gulei Innovation Institute, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363100, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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11
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Xue T, Ma C, Liu L, Xiao C, Ni SF, Zeng R. Characterization of A π-π stacking cocrystal of 4-nitrophthalonitrile directed toward application in photocatalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1455. [PMID: 38365855 PMCID: PMC10873295 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoexcitation of the electron-donor-acceptor complexes have been an effective approach to achieve radicals by triggering electron transfer. However, the catalytic version of electron-donor-acceptor complex photoactivation is quite underdeveloped comparing to the well-established utilization of electronically biased partners. In this work, we utilize 4-nitrophthalonitrile as an electron acceptor to facilitate the efficient π-stacking with electron-rich aromatics to form electron-donor-acceptor complex. The characterization and energy profiles on the cocrystal of 4-nitrophthalonitrile and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene disclose that the electron transfer is highly favorable under the light irradiation. This electron acceptor catalyst can be efficiently applied in the benzylic C-H bond photoactivation by developing the Giese reaction of alkylanisoles and the oxidation of the benzyl alcohols. A broad scope of electron-rich aromatics can be tolerated and a mechanism is also proposed. Moreover, the corresponding π-anion interaction of 4-nitrophthalonitrile with potassium formate can further facilitate the hydrocarboxylation of alkenes efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xue
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Le Liu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Chunhui Xiao
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Rong Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
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12
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Sun C, Zhou Q, Li CY, Hou ZW, Wang L. Photoredox-Catalyzed Defluorinative Carboxylation of gem-Difluorostyrenes with Formate Salt. Org Lett 2024; 26:883-888. [PMID: 38252691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present a transition-metal-free, easy handling protocol for regioselective carboxylation of gem-difluorostyrenes with sodium formate as the C1 source. 30 examples of α-fluoracrylates were obtained in yields of 30 to 80% under these conditions. A defluorinative monofluorovinyl intermediate and consecutive photoinduced electron transfer mechanism were proposed after mechanism investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Ying Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Wei Hou
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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13
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Lan J, Lu X, Ren B, Duo F, Niu X, Si J. Visible-light-driven photocatalytic carboxylation to aromatic carboxylic acids with CO 2. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:682-693. [PMID: 38189574 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01788e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
(Hetero)aromatic carboxylic acids and their derivatives attract attention due to their role in the synthesis of several biologically active molecules, active pharmaceutical ingredients, polymers, etc. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a prime C1 source for the synthesis of aromatic carboxylic acids because of its nontoxicity, nonflammability, abundance and renewability. Owing to the thermodynamic and chemical inertness of CO2, traditional carboxylation to aromatic carboxylic acids with CO2 is always performed under harsh reaction conditions or using stoichiometric metallic reductants. Visible-light-driven carboxylation with CO2 provides an environmentally benign, mild, and high-efficiency route for the production of aromatic carboxylic acids. This review comprehensively introduces the visible-light-driven preparation of aromatic carboxylic acids through a visible-light-driven oxidative addition and reductive elimination mechanism, binding of aryl (radical) anions which are produced by photoinduced electron transfer (PET) to CO2, binding of carbon dioxide anion radicals (CO2˙-) which are formed by PET to aryl compounds, radical coupling between CO2˙- and aryl radicals, and other mechanisms. Finally, this review provides a summary and the future work direction. This article offers a theoretical guidance for efficient synthesis of aromatic carboxylic acids via photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Lan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
| | - Bo Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Fangfang Duo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Xinkai Niu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
| | - Jiangju Si
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
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14
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Majhi J, Molander GA. Recent Discovery, Development, and Synthetic Applications of Formic Acid Salts in Photochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202311853. [PMID: 37812639 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of sustainable photoredox catalysis in synthetic organic chemistry has evolved immensely because of the development of versatile and cost-effective reagents. In recent years, a substantial effort has been dedicated to exploring the utility of formic acid salts in various photochemical reactions. In this context, formates have demonstrated diverse capabilities, functioning as reductants, sources of carbonyl groups, and reagents for hydrogen atom transfer. Notably, the CO2 ⋅- radical anion derived from formate exhibits strong reductant properties for cleaving both C-X and C-O bonds. Moreover, these salts play a pivotal role in carboxylation reactions, further highlighting their significance in a variety of photochemical transformations. The ability of formates to serve as reductants, carbonyl sources, and hydrogen atom transfer reagents reveal exciting possibilities in synthetic organic chemistry. This minireview highlights an array of captivating discoveries, underscoring the crucial role of formates in diverse and distinctive photochemical methods, enabling access to a wide range of value-added compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadab Majhi
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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15
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Matsumoto A, Maeda N, Maruoka K. Bidirectional Elongation Strategy Using Ambiphilic Radical Linchpin for Modular Access to 1,4-Dicarbonyls via Sequential Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20344-20354. [PMID: 37490759 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic molecules that can be connected to multiple substrates by sequential C-C bond formations can be utilized as linchpins in multicomponent processes. While they are useful for rapidly increasing molecular complexity, most of the reported linchpin coupling methods rely on the use of organometallic species as strong carbon nucleophiles to form C-C bonds, which narrows the functional group compatibility. Here, we describe a metal-free, radical-mediated coupling approach using a formyl-stabilized phosphonium ylide as a multifunctional linchpin under visible-light photoredox conditions. The present method uses the ambiphilic character of the phosphonium ylide, which serves as both a nucleophilic and an electrophilic carbon-centered radical source. The stepwise and controllable generation of these radical intermediates allows sequential photocatalysis involving two mechanistically distinct radical additions, both of which are initiated by the same photocatalyst in one pot with high functional group tolerance. The methodology enables a bidirectional assembly of the linchpin with two electronically differentiated alkene fragments and thus offers rapid and modular access to 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds as versatile synthetic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Natsumi Maeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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16
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Malandain A, Molins M, Hauwelle A, Talbot A, Loreau O, D'Anfray T, Goutal S, Tournier N, Taran F, Caillé F, Audisio D. Carbon Dioxide Radical Anion by Photoinduced Equilibration between Formate Salts and [ 11C, 13C, 14C]CO 2: Application to Carbon Isotope Radiolabeling. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37486080 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The need for carbon-labeled radiotracers is increasingly higher in drug discovery and development (carbon-14, β-, t1/2 = 5730 years) as well as in positron emission tomography (PET) for in vivo molecular imaging applications (carbon-11, β+, t1/2 = 20.4 min). However, the structural diversity of radiotracers is still systematically driven by the narrow available labeled sources and methodologies. In this context, the emergence of carbon dioxide radical anion chemistry might set forth potential unexplored opportunities. Based on a dynamic isotopic equilibration between formate salts and [13C, 14C, 11C]CO2, C-labeled radical anion CO2•- could be accessed under extremely mild conditions within seconds. This methodology was successfully applied to hydrocarboxylation and dicarboxylation reactions in late-stage carbon isotope labeling of pharmaceutically relevant compounds. The relevance of the method in applied radiochemistry was showcased by the whole-body PET biodistribution profile of [11C]oxaprozin in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Malandain
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maxime Molins
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alexandre Hauwelle
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, F-91401 Orsay, France
| | - Alex Talbot
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Loreau
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Timothée D'Anfray
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sébastien Goutal
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, F-91401 Orsay, France
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, F-91401 Orsay, France
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fabien Caillé
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay (BioMaps), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, F-91401 Orsay, France
| | - Davide Audisio
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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17
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Mikhael M, Alektiar SN, Yeung CS, Wickens ZK. Translating Planar Heterocycles into Three-Dimensional Analogs by Photoinduced Hydrocarboxylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303264. [PMID: 37199340 PMCID: PMC10524292 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The rapid preparation of complex three-dimensional (3D) heterocyclic scaffolds is a key challenge in modern medicinal chemistry. Despite the increased probability of clinical success for small molecule therapeutic candidates with increased 3D complexity, new drug targets remain dominated by flat molecules due to the abundance of coupling reactions available for their construction. In principle, heteroarene hydrofunctionalization reactions offer an opportunity to transform readily accessible planar molecules into more three-dimensionally complex analogs through the introduction of a single molecular vector. Unfortunately, dearomative hydrofunctionalization reactions remain limited. Herein, we report a new strategy to enable the dearomative hydrocarboxylation of indoles and related heterocycles. This reaction represents a rare example of a heteroarene hydrofunctionalization that meets the numerous requirements for broad implementation in drug discovery. The transformation is highly chemoselective, broad in scope, operationally simple, and readily amenable to high-throughput experimentation (HTE). Accordingly, this process will allow existing libraries of heteroaromatic compounds to be translated into diverse 3D analogs and enable exploration of new classes of medicinally relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Mikhael
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Sara N. Alektiar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Charles S. Yeung
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Zachary K. Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
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18
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Alektiar SN, Han J, Dang Y, Rubel CZ, Wickens ZK. Radical Hydrocarboxylation of Unactivated Alkenes via Photocatalytic Formate Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10991-10997. [PMID: 37186951 PMCID: PMC10636750 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein we disclose a strategy to promote the hydrocarboxylation of unactivated alkenes using photochemical activation of formate salts. We illustrate that an alternative initiation mechanism circumvents the limitations of prior approaches and enables hydrocarboxylation of this challenging substrate class. Specifically, we found that accessing the requisite thiyl radical initiator without an exogenous chromophore eliminates major byproducts that have plagued attempts to exploit similar reactivity for unactivated alkene substrates. This redox-neutral method is technically simple to execute and effective across a broad range of alkene substrates. Feedstock alkenes, such as ethylene, are hydrocarboxylated at ambient temperature and pressure. A series of radical cyclization experiments indicate how the reactivity described in this report can be diverted by more complex radical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N. Alektiar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jimin Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Y Dang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Camille Z. Rubel
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Zachary K. Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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19
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Wang S, Larrosa I, Yorimitsu H, Perry GJP. Carboxylic Acid Salts as Dual-Function Reagents for Carboxylation and Carbon Isotope Labeling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218371. [PMID: 36746757 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The potassium salts of carboxylic acids are developed as efficient carboxylating agents through CO2 exchange. We describe these carboxylates as dual-function reagents because they function as a combined source of CO2 and base/metalating agent. By using the salt of a commercially available carboxylic acid, this protocol overcomes difficulties when using CO2 gas or organometallic reagents, such as pressurized containers or strictly inert conditions. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, does not require transition metals or other additives, and shows broad substrate scope. Through the preparation of several biologically important molecules, we show how this strategy provides an opportunity for isotope labeling with low equivalents of labeled CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Igor Larrosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Gregory J P Perry
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,Future correspondence: School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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20
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Ou Y, Ye Q, Deng W, Xu Z. Mechanism and Origin of CuH‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Hydrocarboxylation of Allenes. European J Org Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ru Ou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201400 P. R. China
| | - Qi Ye
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201400 P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201400 P. R. China
| | - Zheng‐Yang Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201400 P. R. China
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21
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Mangaonkar SR, Hayashi H, Takano H, Kanna W, Maeda S, Mita T. Photoredox/HAT-Catalyzed Dearomative Nucleophilic Addition of the CO 2 Radical Anion to (Hetero)Aromatics. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeesh R. Mangaonkar
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takano
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Wataru Kanna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Mita
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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22
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Xu P, Wang S, Xu H, Liu YQ, Li RB, Liu WW, Wang XY, Zou ML, Zhou Y, Guo D, Zhu X. Dicarboxylation of Alkenes with CO 2 and Formate via Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Sai Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yi-Qin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Rui-Bo Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Wen-Wen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xing-Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Ming-Lin Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
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23
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Hou J, Hua LL, Huang Y, Zhan LW, Li BD. Visible-Light-Promoted Catalyst-Free Oxyarylation and Hydroarylation of Alkenes with Carbon Dioxide Radical Anion. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201092. [PMID: 36415140 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light-mediated oxyarylation and hydroarylation of alkenes with aryl halides using formate salts as the reductant and hydrogen source under ambient conditions were developed. These protocols represent rare catalyst-free examples of the realization of such transformations. Using styrenes as substrates, oxyarylation could occur smoothly. Whereas, hydroarylation proceeds employing electron deficient alkenes. Moreover, dehalogenation proceeds successfully in the absence of alkenes. We expected that this method could provide a valuable strategy for the functionalization of aryl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hou
- Department College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Hua
- Department College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Le-Wu Zhan
- Department College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Bin-Dong Li
- Department College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
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24
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Hang W, Li D, Zou S, Xi C. Visible-Light-Driven Reductive Carboxylation of Benzyl Bromides with Carbon Dioxide Using Formate as Terminal Reductant. J Org Chem 2022; 88:5007-5014. [PMID: 36126282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cheap and available formate can be seen formally as a carbon dioxide radical anion (CO2•-) combined with a hydrogen atom, where the CO2•- is not only a highly active radical but also a very powerful reductant. In this paper, we successfully realized a visible-light-driven carboxylation of benzyl bromides with carbon dioxide to prepare high-value arylacetic acids using potassium formate as a terminal reductant. This reaction is characterized by mild reaction conditions and a wide range of substrates. Moreover, under nitrogen atmosphere, the reaction can also achieve the carboxylation of benzyl bromides utilizing an excess of potassium formate. Mechanistic experiments indicate this carboxylation proceeded through CO2•-, which was generated from the oxidation of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane with excited photosensitizer Ir(ppy)2(dtbbpy)PF6 in the presence of the potassium formate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Danyun Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Song Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chanjuan Xi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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25
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Matsumoto A. Generation of Carbon Dioxide Radical Anion from Formate Salts and its Use in Photochemical Reactions. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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26
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Bawden JC, Francis PS, DiLuzio S, Hayne DJ, Doeven EH, Truong J, Alexander R, Henderson LC, Gómez DE, Massi M, Armstrong BI, Draper FA, Bernhard S, Connell TU. Reinterpreting the Fate of Iridium(III) Photocatalysts─Screening a Combinatorial Library to Explore Light-Driven Side-Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11189-11202. [PMID: 35704840 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysts are primarily selected based on ground and excited state properties, but their activity is also intrinsically tied to the nature of their reduced (or oxidized) intermediates. Catalyst reactivity often necessitates an inherent instability, thus these intermediates represent a mechanistic turning point that affords either product formation or side-reactions. In this work, we explore the scope of a previously demonstrated side-reaction that partially saturates one pyridine ring of the ancillary ligand in heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes. Using high-throughput synthesis and screening under photochemical conditions, we identified different chemical pathways, ultimately governed by ligand composition. The ancillary ligand was the key factor that determined photochemical stability. Following photoinitiated electron transfer from a sacrificial tertiary amine, the reduced intermediate of complexes containing 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives exhibited long-term stability. In contrast, complexes containing 2,2'-bipyridines were highly susceptible to hydrogen atom transfer and ancillary ligand modification. Detailed characterization of selected complexes before and after transformation showed differing effects on the ground and excited state reduction potentials dependent on the nature of the cyclometalating ligands and excited states. The implications of catalyst stability and reactivity in chemical synthesis was demonstrated in a model photoredox reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Bawden
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Paul S Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Stephen DiLuzio
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - David J Hayne
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Egan H Doeven
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Johnny Truong
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Richard Alexander
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Luke C Henderson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Daniel E Gómez
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Blake I Armstrong
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Felicity A Draper
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Stefan Bernhard
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Timothy U Connell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
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27
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Huang Y, Zhang Q, Zhan L, Hou J, Li B. Hydrocarboxylation of Alkenes with Formate Salts via Photocatalysis. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202202008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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