1
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Wang B, Gao JK, Sun S, Shen ZL, Yang YF, Liang RX, Jia YX. Pd-Catalyzed Asymmetric Intramolecular Dearomatizing Reductive Heck Reaction of Indoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:3739-3743. [PMID: 38679883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
An enantioselective Pd-catalyzed intramolecular dearomative reductive Heck reaction of N-(o-bromoaryl) indole-3-carboxamide is developed. By employing Pd(dba)2/SPINOL-based phosphoramidite as the chiral catalyst and HCO2Na as the hydride source, a series of enantioenriched spiro indolines bearing vicinal stereocenters were afforded in moderate to good yields with excellent enantioselectivities. The reductive Heck reaction of formal tetrasubstituted alkene bearing β-hydrogens is therefore realized by inhibiting β-H elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jing-Kun Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shuo Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhen-Lu Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ren-Xiao Liang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yi-Xia Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Wang B, Liang RX, Shen ZL, Jia YX. Copper-catalyzed intramolecular dearomative aza-Wacker reaction of indole. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3858-3861. [PMID: 38497365 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a copper-catalyzed intramolecular dearomative amination of indoles via a formal aza-Wacker reaction. This protocol provides an efficient method to access aza-polycyclic indoline molecules bearing exocyclic CC bonds in moderate to excellent yields in the presence of molecular oxygen as an oxidant. It is worth noting that indolin-3-ones are achieved when employing C3-non-substituted indoles as substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road #18, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Ren-Xiao Liang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road #18, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Zhen-Lu Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road #18, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yi-Xia Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road #18, Hangzhou 310014, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, China
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3
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Fan Q, Jiang K, Liu B, Jiang H, Cao X, Yin B. Radical-Dearomative Generation of Cyclohexadienyl Pd(II) toward the 3D Transformation of Nonactivated Phenyl Rings. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307074. [PMID: 38102822 PMCID: PMC10916580 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional palladium-catalyzed dearomatization of (hetero)arenes takes place via an ionic pathway and usually requires elevated temperatures to overcome the energy barrier of the dearomative insertion step. Herein, a combination of the radical and two-electron pathways is disclosed, which enables room temperature dearomative 3D transformations of nonactivated phenyl rings with Pd(0) as the catalyst. Experimental results together with density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate a versatile π-allyl Pd(II) species, cyclohexadienyl Pd(II), possibly is involved in the dearomatization. This species is generated by combining the cyclohexadienyl radical and Pd(I). The cyclohexadienyl Pd(II) provides chemoselective (carboamination and trieneylation), regioselective (1,2-carboamination), and diastereoselective (carbonyl-group directed face selectivity) conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology (SCUT)Guangzhou510640China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology (SCUT)Guangzhou510640China
| | - Bo Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical Collegeand State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou510006China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology (SCUT)Guangzhou510640China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Biaolin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology (SCUT)Guangzhou510640China
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4
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Li W, Zhang J. Sadphos as Adaptive Ligands in Asymmetric Palladium Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2024. [PMID: 38295326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusPalladium catalysis, as one of the most important strategies in asymmetric synthesis, has continuously attracted the attention of organic chemists. With the development of chiral ligands, increasingly challenging reactions and substantial progress in asymmetric catalysis are being realized.Since 2014, we have focused on exploiting a series of sulfinamide phosphine ligands called "Sadphos," including Ming-Phos, Xu-Phos, Xiao-Phos, Xiang-Phos, TY-Phos, PC-Phos, GF-Phos, and WJ-Phos. These ligands can be easily prepared in two to four steps using commercial materials. These new types of ligands have shown remarkable performance in transition-metal-catalyzed reactions, especially in Pd-catalyzed transformations. X-ray diffraction analysis, mechanistic studies, and density functional theory calculations have revealed that Sadphos ligands can coordinate with the Pd0 and PdII species in the Pd0/P, Pd0/P,S, or PdII/P,O modes.This Account summarizes our recent efforts toward palladium-catalyzed enantioselective reactions using Sadphos ligands. These ligands were found to be privileged and very crucial to promote the reactions by increasing the reactivity and enantioselectivity. Ming-Phos is an effective ligand in Pd-catalyzed asymmetric coupling and intramolecular Heck reactions, providing highly enantioselective trisubstituted allenes, axially chiral anilides, gem-diarylmethine silanes, and disubstituted dihydroisoquinolinones. Incorporation of an electron-rich cyclohexyl group in the phosphine moiety afforded Xu-Phos, which showed a unique effect in a series of asymmetric transformations, including reductive Heck, dearomative Mizoroki-Heck, tandem Heck/Suzuki coupling, carboiodination, carboamination, and cross-coupling reactions. Using a similar strategy, our group synthesized more electron-rich TY-Phos and Xiang-Phos ligands bearing t-butyl and 1-adamantyl group at P atoms, respectively. Regarding stereoelectronic features, these two characteristic ligands were the best choice to satisfy the requirements of the palladium-catalyzed fluoroarylation of gem-difluoroalkenes, intermolecular α-arylation of aldehydes, carboetherification of alkenyl oximes, and carboheterofunctionalization of 2,3-dihydrofurans. Compared with the aforementioned Sadphos ligands, the attractive features of Xiao-Phos, including high nucleophilicity originating from the CH2PPh2 group and the ortho-substituent effect at the side of the aryl ring, are presumably responsible for its efficiency. The Pd/Xiao-Phos catalyst system shows good performance in a series of cross-coupling reactions of secondary phosphine oxides, affording P-stereogenic products bearing multiple types of molecular skeletons. The modification of the basic Sadphos backbone by introducing a xanthene skeleton motivated us to design and synthesize monophosphines, named PC-Phos and GF-Phos. PC-Phos is effective in various reactions, including arylation of sulfenate anions, denitrogenative cyclization of benzotriazoles, and dearomatization of indoles. The practicability of GF-Phos was validated in the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric three-component coupling of N-tosylhydrazones, aryl halides, and terminal alkynes, as well as in the cross-coupling of N-tosylhydrazones and vinyl iodides with pendent amines. In addition, ferrocene-derived WJ-Phos was employed in the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, affording axially chiral biaryl monophosphine oxides in excellent enantiomeric excesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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5
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Lu JB, Xu XQ, Ruan ZS, Liu K, Liang RX, Jia YX. Pd-Catalyzed Intramolecular Dearomative [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Naphthalenes with Arylalkynes. Org Lett 2023; 25:8139-8144. [PMID: 37934112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed intramolecular dearomative [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of naphthalenes with arylalkynes is developed. The protocol provides a straightforward method to access a range of polycyclic dihydronaphthalenes containing two vicinal all-carbon stereocenters in moderate yields under mild conditions in an air atmosphere. The deuterium labeling experiment suggests a pathway involving electrophilic dearomatization followed by Friedel-Crafts cyclization. Several synthetic transformations of the product were conducted to demonstrate the utility of this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Bo Lu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Zi-Sheng Ruan
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Ren-Xiao Liang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yi-Xia Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
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6
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Hu YY, Xu XQ, Deng WC, Liang RX, Jia YX. Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Dearomative Heck-Reductive Allylic Defluorination Reaction of Indoles. Org Lett 2023; 25:6122-6127. [PMID: 37578397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a nickel-catalyzed asymmetric dearomative aryl-difluoroallylation reaction of indoles with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes as an electrophilic coupling partner. The reaction proceeds via a cascade sequence involving dearomative Heck cyclization and reductive allylic defluorination. A series of gem-difluoroallyl substituted indolines are obtained in moderate to good yields (36-77% yield) with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee). The reaction features broad functional group tolerance, scaled-up synthesis, and late-stage diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wei-Chao Deng
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ren-Xiao Liang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yi-Xia Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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7
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Xue Q, Wang R, Zhang WY, Shen FF, Li Y, Sun Q, Li JH. Pd-Catalyzed Intermolecular Carbonylative Dearomatization of Arylamines with Propargylic Acetates for Synthesis of Bridged Polycyclic Lactams. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37267080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new palladium-catalyzed multicomponent dearomatization of arylamines with CO and propargylic acetates for the synthesis of bridged polycyclic lactams is described. This method allows double annulation at the ipso and para positions of the amino group to form four new bonds, three C-C bonds and one C-N bond. DFT calculations and experimental studies indicate that the efficient formation of the allenecarboxanilide intermediate is the key step to achieve the dearomative transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xue
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Wen-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Fang-Fang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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8
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Tu Y, Xu B, Wang Q, Dong H, Zhang ZM, Zhang J. Palladium/TY-Phos-Catalyzed Asymmetric Heck/Tsuji-Trost Reaction of o-Bromophenols with 1,3-Dienes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4378-4383. [PMID: 36795796 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
2,3-Dihydrobenzofurans are crucial building blocks in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutical molecules. However, their asymmetric synthesis has been a long-standing formidable challenge so far. In this work, we developed a highly enantioselective Pd/TY-Phos-catalyzed Heck/Tsuji-Trost reaction of o-bromophenols with various 1,3-dienes, allowing expedient access to chiral substituted 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans. This reaction features excellent regio- and enantiocontrol, high functional group tolerance, and easy scalability. More importantly, the demonstration of this method as a highly valuable tool for the construction of optically pure natural products (R)-tremetone and fomannoxin is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youshao Tu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Honglin Dong
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Ming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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9
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Zhou SS, Shen JH, Liu WK, Sun XY, Song JY, Wang Z, Qi ZH, Wang XW. Chiral oxalamide phosphine (COAP)-Pd-catalyzed enantioselective cascade formal [4 + 1] annulation for enantioenriched 2,3-disubstituted indolines and further DFT study on regio- and stereocontrol. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3qo00011g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
COAP-Pd-catalyzed asymmetric cascade formal [4 + 1] annulation was developed between racemic vinyl benzoxazinones and N-tosylhydrazone sodium salts, affording trans-2,3-disubstituted indolines in good yields with high stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Suo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Hao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Yun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hang Qi
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Wang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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10
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Guan F, Zhou R, Ren X, Guo Z, Wang C, Zhou CY. Asymmetric dearomative cyclopropanation of naphthalenes to construct polycyclic compounds. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13015-13019. [PMID: 36425492 PMCID: PMC9669881 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04509e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic asymmetric dearomatization (CADA) reactions is an important synthetic method for constructing enantioenriched complex cyclic systems from simple aromatic feedstocks. However, the CADA reactions of nonactivated arenes, such as naphthalenes and benzenes, have been far less explored than those of electronically activated arenes, such as phenols, naphthols and indoles. Herein, we disclose an asymmetric dearomative cyclopropanation of naphthalenes for the rapid construction of polycyclic compounds. With chiral dirhodium carboxylate as a catalyst, the dearomative cyclopropanation proceeded smoothly under mild conditions and afforded benzonorcaradiene-containing tetracycles in good yield and high enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee). Three stereogenic centers, including two all-carbon quaternary centers, were created in the dearomatization reaction. Moreover, a variety of functional groups are well-tolerated in the reaction. The products could be readily converted into other complex polycycles while maintaining the high ee value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Guan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology Shanxi 030024 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Guo
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology Shanxi 030024 People's Republic of China
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
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11
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Lee D, Love A, Mansouri Z, Waldron Clarke TH, Harrowven DC, Jefferson-Loveday R, Pickering SJ, Poliakoff M, George MW. High-Productivity Single-Pass Electrochemical Birch Reduction of Naphthalenes in a Continuous Flow Electrochemical Taylor Vortex Reactor. Org Process Res Dev 2022; 26:2674-2684. [PMID: 36158467 PMCID: PMC9486933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of a single-pass electrochemical Birch reduction carried out in a small footprint electrochemical Taylor vortex reactor with projected productivities of >80 g day-1 (based on 32.2 mmol h-1), using a modified version of our previously reported reactor [Org. Process Res. Dev. 2021, 25, 7, 1619-1627], consisting of a static outer electrode and a rapidly rotating cylindrical inner electrode. In this study, we used an aluminum tube as the sacrificial outer electrode and stainless steel as the rotating inner electrode. We have established the viability of using a sacrificial aluminum anode for the electrochemical reduction of naphthalene, and by varying the current, we can switch between high selectivity (>90%) for either the single ring reduction or double ring reduction with >80 g day-1 projected productivity for either product. The concentration of LiBr in solution changes the fluid dynamics of the reaction mixture investigated by computational fluid dynamics, and this affects equilibration time, monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We show that the concentrations of electrolyte (LiBr) and proton source (dimethylurea) can be reduced while maintaining high reaction efficiency. We also report the reduction of 1-aminonaphthalene, which has been used as a precursor to the API Ropinirole. We find that our methodology produces the corresponding dihydronaphthalene with excellent selectivity and 88% isolated yield in an uninterrupted run of >8 h with a projected productivity of >100 g day-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren
S. Lee
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Ashley Love
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Zakaria Mansouri
- Department
of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Toby H. Waldron Clarke
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - David C. Harrowven
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Richard Jefferson-Loveday
- Department
of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Stephen J. Pickering
- Department
of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Martyn Poliakoff
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Michael W. George
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
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12
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Ganguly S, Bhakta S, Ghosh T. Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Spirocycles: Recent Advances. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Ganguly
- Department of Applied Chemistry Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology Simhat, Haringhata 741249, Nadia West Bengal India
| | - Sayantika Bhakta
- Department of Applied Chemistry Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology Simhat, Haringhata 741249, Nadia West Bengal India
| | - Tapas Ghosh
- Department of Applied Chemistry Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology Simhat, Haringhata 741249, Nadia West Bengal India
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13
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Liang RX, Jia YX. Aromatic π-Components for Enantioselective Heck Reactions and Heck/Anion-Capture Domino Sequences. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:734-745. [PMID: 35119256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Olefin functionalization represents one of the most important synthetic transformations in organic synthesis. Over the past decades, palladium-catalyzed enantioselective Heck reactions, and Heck/anion-capture domino sequences through olefin carbopalladation followed by termination of the resulting alkyl-Pd species have been extensively developed. Extension of the coupling partners from classical olefins to other π-components would enable further advances and open new space in this field. Aromatics are important and easily available bulk chemicals. Dearomative transformation of endocyclic aromatic π-bonds via the Heck reaction pathway provides an efficient and straightforward route to structurally diverse alicyclic compounds. Nevertheless, major challenges for this transformation include aromaticity breaking and reactivity and selectivity issues.Recently, we have engaged in developing catalytic enantioselective dearomative Heck reactions and related domino reactions. A range of heteroarenes and naphthalenes have been employed as novel π-coupling partners in these reactions. Through dearomative migratory insertion of endocyclic aromatic C-C π-bonds followed by interception of the transient alkyl-Pd species, enantioselective Heck reactions, reductive Heck reactions, Heck/anion-capture difunctionalization reactions, and heteroarenyne cycloisomerization reactions have been established. Relying on β-H elimination of the alkyl-Pd intermediate, we realized enantioselective dearomative Heck reactions with a range of aromatic partners, including heterocyclic indoles, pyrroles, furans, benzofurans, and more challenging carbocyclic naphthalenes. In order to avoid the utilization of organohalide electrophiles, heteroarenyne cycloisomerization reaction was developed by merging intermolecular alkyne hydropalladation with intramolecular dearomative Heck reaction. Cycloisomerization of alkyne-tethered indoles delivered chiral indolines in excellent enantioselectivities with 100% atom economy. On the other hand, Heck/anion-capture domino sequences were established through nucleophilic trapping of the alkyl-Pd intermediate. When HCO2Na was employed as a capturing reagent, the enantioselective dearomative reductive Heck reaction of indoles was realized. By employing other nucleophiles, including alkynes, N-sulfonylhydrazones, and organoboron reagents, we developed a series of dearomative difunctionalization reactions. Two vicinal stereocenters with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities were constructed in the corresponding Heck/Sonogashira, Heck/vinylation, and Heck/borylation reactions. Moreover, dearomative 1,4-diarylation of naphthalenes was developed through Heck/Suzuki domino reactions, in which competitive C-H arylation and the direct Suzuki reaction were almost fully inhibited in the presence of a spiro-phosphoramidite ligand.In this Account, we provide a panoramic view of our results since 2015 on enantioselective Heck reactions and related domino sequences by extending the coupling partners from classical olefins to aromatic systems. Investigations outlined in this Account established straightforward and efficient access to a variety of structurally diverse chiral heteropolycyclic molecules starting from simple and planar aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Xiao Liang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yi-Xia Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
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14
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Yang P, Wang Q, Cui BH, Zhang XD, Liu H, Zhang YY, Liu JL, Huang WY, Liang RX, Jia YX. Enantioselective Dearomative [3 + 2] Umpolung Annulation of N-Heteroarenes with Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1087-1093. [PMID: 35007081 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective [3 + 2] annulation of N-heteroarenes with alkynes has been developed via a cobalt-catalyzed dearomative umpolung strategy in the presence of chiral ligand and reducing reagent. A variety of electron-deficient N-heteroarenes, including quinolines, isoquinolines, quinoxaline, and pyridines, and internal or terminal alkynes are employed in this reaction, showing a broad substrate scope and good functionality tolerance. Annulation of electron-rich indoles with alkynes is also developed. This protocol provides a straightforward access to a variety of N-spiroheterocyclic molecules in excellent enantioselectivities (76 examples, up to 99% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bing-Hui Cui
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yue-Yuan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jia-Liang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wen-Yu Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ren-Xiao Liang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yi-Xia Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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15
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Zhang E, Chen C, Wang X, Wang J, Shang Y. Palladium-catalyzed dearomative 1,4-arylmethylenation of naphthalenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00266c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient palladium-catalyzed construction of E-exocyclic-double-bond-containing spirooxindoles through 1,4-arylmethylenation of naphthalenes has been developed. Aryl aldehyde-derived N‑tosylhydrazones were successfully applied as carbene precursors to capture the endocyclic π-allylpalladium intermediate, which...
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