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Mondal A, Roy P, Carrannatto J, Datar PM, DiRocco DJ, Hunter K, Marsh ENG. Surveying the scope of aromatic decarboxylations catalyzed by prenylated-flavin dependent enzymes. Faraday Discuss 2024. [PMID: 38837123 DOI: 10.1039/d4fd00006d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The prenylated-flavin mononucleotide-dependent decarboxylases (also known as UbiD-like enzymes) are the most recently discovered family of decarboxylases. The modified flavin facilitates the decarboxylation of unsaturated carboxylic acids through a novel mechanism involving 1,3-dipolar cyclo-addition chemistry. UbiD-like enzymes have attracted considerable interest for biocatalysis applications due to their ability to catalyse (de)carboxylation reactions on a broad range of aromatic substrates at otherwise unreactive carbon centres. There are now ∼35 000 protein sequences annotated as hypothetical UbiD-like enzymes. Sequence similarity network analyses of the UbiD protein family suggests that there are likely dozens of distinct decarboxylase enzymes represented within this family. Furthermore, many of the enzymes so far characterized can decarboxylate a broad range of substrates. Here we describe a strategy to identify potential substrates of UbiD-like enzymes based on detecting enzyme-catalysed solvent deuterium exchange into potential substrates. Using ferulic acid decarboxylase (FDC) as a model system, we tested a diverse range of aromatic and heterocyclic molecules for their ability to undergo enzyme-catalysed H/D exchange in deuterated buffer. We found that FDC catalyses H/D exchange, albeit at generally very low levels, into a wide range of small, aromatic molecules that have little resemblance to its physiological substrate. In contrast, the sub-set of aromatic carboxylic acids that are substrates for FDC-catalysed decarboxylation is much smaller. We discuss the implications of these findings for screening uncharacterized UbiD-like enzymes for novel (de)carboxylase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Pronay Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Jaclyn Carrannatto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Prathamesh M Datar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Daniel J DiRocco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Katherine Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - E Neil G Marsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Zhu C, Yuan Z, Deng Z, Yin D, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Rao Y. Photoenzymatic Enantioselective Synthesis of Oxygen-Containing Benzo-Fused Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311762. [PMID: 37899302 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
New-to-nature biocatalysis in organic synthesis has recently emerged as a green and powerful strategy for the preparation of valuable chiral products, among which chiral oxygen-containing benzo-fused heterocycles are important structural motifs in pharmaceutical industry. However, the asymmetric synthesis of these compounds through radical-mediated methods is challenging. Herein, a novel asymmetric radical-mediated photoenzymatic synthesis strategy is developed to realize the efficient enantioselective synthesis of oxygen-containing benzo-fused heterocycles through structure-guided engineering of a flavin-dependent 'ene'-reductase GluER. It shows that variant GluER-W100H could efficiently produce various benzoxepinones, chromanone and indanone with different benzo-fused rings in high yields with great stereoselectivities under visible light. Moreover, these results are well supported by mechanistic experiments, revealing that this photoenzymatic process involves electron donor-acceptor complex formation, single electron transfer and hydrogen atom transfer. Therefore, we provide an alternative green approach for efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of important chiral skeletons of bioactive pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changtong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Dejing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, P. R. China
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Xie W, Wang M, Yang S, Chen Y, Feng J, Huang Y. C-H chlorination of (hetero)anilines via photo/organo co-catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5319-5324. [PMID: 35730736 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00834c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chlorinated (hetero)anilines are a class of important structural motifs that are widely present in synthetic building blocks and pharmaceuticals. Despite recent advancements, direct aniline chlorination still suffers from ortho/para and mono/poly chlorination selectivity problems. Herein, we disclose a photo-redox and organo co-catalyzed chlorination method for anilines. This method has great substrate generality and excellent mono-chlorination selectivity. Another merit of this method is the late-stage modification of drug molecules, which would be useful in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuchen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Siyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Yadong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Yatian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
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Liu B, Wang G, Xu Z, Wang M, Nie Y, Luo Z. Ionic liquid/boronic acid system enabled deuteration with D2O. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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