1
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Zhu C, Chen ZL, Li H, Lu L, Kang X, Xuan J, Zhu M. Rational Design of Highly Phosphorescent Nanoclusters for Efficient Photocatalytic Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23212-23220. [PMID: 39084600 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Analyzing the molecular structure-photophysical property correlations of metal nanoclusters to accomplish function-oriented photocatalysis could be challenging. Here, the selective heteroatom alloying has been exploited to a Au15 nanocluster, making up a structure-correlated nanocluster series, including homogold Au15, bimetallic AgxAu15-x and CuxAu15-x, trimetallic AgxCuyAu15-x-y, and tetrametallic Pt1AgxCuyAu15-x-y. Their structure-dependent photophysical properties were investigated due to the atomically precise structures of these nanoclusters. Cu-alloyed CuxAu15-x showed intense phosphorescence and the highest singlet oxygen production efficiency. Moreover, the generation of 1O2 species from excited nanoclusters enabled CuxAu15-x as a suitable catalyst for efficient photocatalytic oxidation of silyl enol ethers to produce α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The generality and applicability of the CuxAu15-x catalysts toward different photocatalytic oxidations were assessed. Overall, this study presents an intriguing Au15-based cluster series enabling an atomic-level understanding of structure-photophysical property correlations, which hopefully provides guidance for the fabrication of cluster-based catalysts with customized photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Ze-Le Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Luyao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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2
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Body N, Lefebvre C, Eeckhout S, Léonard AS, Troian-Gautier L, Hermans S, Riant O. Structure-Activity Relationship of Benzophenazine Derivatives for Homogeneous and Heterogenized Photooxygenation Catalysis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400242. [PMID: 38805006 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen is a powerful oxidant used in various applications, such as organic synthesis, medicine, and environmental remediation. Organic and inorganic photosensitizers are commonly used to generate this reactive species through energy transfer with the triplet ground state of oxygen. We describe here a series of novel benzophenazine derivatives as a promising class of photosensitizers for singlet oxygen photosensitization. In this study, we investigated the structure-activity relationship of these benzophenazine derivatives. Akin to a molecular compass, the southern fragment was first functionalized with either aromatic tertiary amines, alkyl tertiary amines, aromatic sulfur groups, alkyl sulfur groups, or cyclic ethers. Enhanced photophysical properties (in terms of triplet excited-state lifetime, absorption wavelength, triplet state energy, and O2 quenching capabilities) were obtained with cyclic ether and sulfur groups. Conversely, the presence of an amine moiety was detrimental to the photocatalysts. The western and northern fragments were also investigated and slightly undesirable to negligible changes in photophysical properties were observed. The most promising candidate was then immobilized on silica nanoparticles and its photoactivity was evaluated in the citronellol photooxidation reaction. A high NMR yield of 97 % in desired product was obtained, with only a slight decrease over several recycling runs (85 % in the fourth run). These results provide insights into the design of efficient photosensitizers for singlet oxygen generation and the development of heterogeneous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Body
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Corentin Lefebvre
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sarah Eeckhout
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Léonard
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Wel Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hermans
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Riant
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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3
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Fayaz F, Ganie MA, Kumar S, Raheem S, Rizvi MA, Shah BA. Modular access to sulfur substituted analogues of isocytosine via photoredox catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8256-8259. [PMID: 39011863 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02076f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
A photoredox approach for synthesizing sulfur-substituted analogues of isocytosine via coupling of modular phenyl propargyl chloride with thiourea has been reported. The resulting product with an amine group was found amenable to various late-stage modifications, providing access to a broad range of sulfur-containing isocytosine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Fayaz
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
- Natural Product & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India.
| | - Majid Ahmad Ganie
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
- Natural Product & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India.
| | - Sourav Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
- Natural Product & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India.
| | - Shabnam Raheem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | | | - Bhahwal Ali Shah
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
- Natural Product & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180001, India.
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4
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Jiang Y, Chen S, Chen Y, Gu A, Tang C. Sustainable Aerobic Allylic C-H Bond Oxidation with Heterogeneous Iron Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2769-2778. [PMID: 38240486 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Emerging techniques are revolutionizing the realm of chemical synthesis by introducing new avenues for C-H bond functionalization, which have been exploited for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, natural compounds, and functional materials. Allylic C-H bond oxidation of alkenes serves as possibly the most employed C-H bond functionalization reaction. However, sustainable and selective approaches remain scarce, and the majority of the existing conditions still hinge on hazardous oxidants or costly metal catalysts. In this context, we introduce a heterogeneous iron catalyst that addresses the above-mentioned concerns by showcasing the aerobic oxidation of steroids, terpenes, and simple olefins to the corresponding enone products. This novel method provides a powerful tool for the arsenal of allylic C-H bond oxidation while minimizing the environmental concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sanxia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuangu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ailing Gu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Conghui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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5
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Liang Z, Yu Y, Zhang L, Xue G, Liu M, Zhang Y, Huang M, Cai L, Cai S. Visible-Light-Enabled Catalytic Approach to N, O-Spirocycles through Amidyl Radical Addition/Cyclization. Org Lett 2024; 26:298-303. [PMID: 38153355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
A rational combination of photoredox catalyst anthraquinone and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalyst methyl thioglycolate allows for the rapid and straightforward conversion of a range of 2-amidated acetylenic alcohols to multifunctional N,O-spirocycles under visible light irradiation. With oxygen as the sole terminal oxidant, these reactions can be carried out efficiently at room temperature without the involvement of transition metals or strong oxidants. The successful application of this mild catalytic strategy in the late-stage functionalization of bioactive skeletons further highlights its practical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Yushen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics of Guangdong Province, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guotao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Yirui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Mingqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Lina Cai
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Shunyou Cai
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics of Guangdong Province, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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6
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Cai L, Lai Q, Zhang L, Xue G, Zhang Y, He N, Huang M, Hu S, Cai S. Visible-Light-Enabled Lanthanum-Mediated Intramolecular Epoxy-Ring Opening/Dehydrogenative Lactonization. Org Lett 2023; 25:7126-7131. [PMID: 37754837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic C(sp3)-H functionalization has afforded great opportunities to prepare organic substances, facilitating the derivatization of complex drugs and natural molecules. This letter describes an efficient and practical protocol for lanthanum-catalyzed continuous epoxy-ring opening and oxidative dehydrogenative lactonization under visible-light irradiation. Notably, the lanthanum catalyst also acts as a photocatalyst while acting as a Lewis acid in this reaction; therefore, no additional photocatalyst is required. We can conveniently prepare a series of diverse isochromanones with oxygen-containing spirocyclic structural units under a balloon-oxygen atmosphere at room temperature. Mechanistic studies and control experiments reveal that the in situ-generated lanthanum bromide should be crucial in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cai
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Qihong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics of Guangdong Province, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guotao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Yirui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Na He
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Mingqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Shirong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Shunyou Cai
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics of Guangdong Province, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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7
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Lai Q, Chen S, Zou L, Lin C, Huang S, Fu L, Cai L, Cai S. Syntheses of functionalized benzocoumarins by photoredox catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1181-1186. [PMID: 36632780 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02225g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct functionalization of inert C(sp3)-H bonds is an attractive synthetic technology for the preparation of pharmaceutically significant compounds in modern synthetic organic chemistry. In this work, we report a new method for the synthesis of functionalized benzocoumarins through the strategy of activation of multiple C-H bonds on 2-aryl toluenes under visible-light-enabled photoredox conditions. This method has the advantages of high functional group compatibility, mild reaction conditions, and effectively avoiding the use of strong oxidants and precious metal catalysts. Detailed mechanistic investigations, including spectroscopic and electrochemical studies, support the reaction's mechanistic course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Lai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China.
| | - Shanyi Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China.
| | - Linnan Zou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China.
| | - Chengzhi Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China.
| | - Shuling Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China.
| | - Lailing Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China.
| | - Lina Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China.
| | - Shunyou Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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8
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Abstract
The emergence of modern photocatalysis, characterized by mildness and selectivity, has significantly spurred innovative late-stage C-H functionalization approaches that make use of low energy photons as a controllable energy source. Compared to traditional late-stage functionalization strategies, photocatalysis paves the way toward complementary and/or previously unattainable regio- and chemoselectivities. Merging the compelling benefits of photocatalysis with the late-stage functionalization workflow offers a potentially unmatched arsenal to tackle drug development campaigns and beyond. This Review highlights the photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization strategies of small-molecule drugs, agrochemicals, and natural products, classified according to the targeted C-H bond and the newly formed one. Emphasis is devoted to identifying, describing, and comparing the main mechanistic scenarios. The Review draws a critical comparison between established ionic chemistry and photocatalyzed radical-based manifolds. The Review aims to establish the current state-of-the-art and illustrate the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future. The authors aim to introduce the general readership to the main approaches toward photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization, and specialist practitioners to the critical evaluation of the current methodologies, potential for improvement, and future uncharted directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210Shanghai, China
| | - Teresa Faber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
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9
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Angyal P, Kotschy AM, Dudás Á, Varga S, Soós T. Intertwining Olefin Thianthrenation with Kornblum/Ganem Oxidations: Ene-type Oxidation to Furnish α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214096. [PMID: 36408745 PMCID: PMC10108043 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A widely applicable, practical, and scalable synthetic method for efficient ene-type double oxidation of alkenes is reported via a two-step alkenyl thianthrenium umpolung/Kornblum-Ganem oxidation strategy. This chemo- and stereoselective procedure allows easy access to various α,β-unsaturated carbonyls that may be otherwise difficult or cumbersome to synthesize by conventional methods. For α-olefins, this metal-free transformation can be tuned according to synthetic needs to produce either the elusive (Z)-unsaturated aldehydes or their (E) counterparts. Moreover, this strategy has enabled streamlined synthesis of distinct butadienyl pheromones and kairomones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Angyal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András M Kotschy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dudás
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Varga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Soós
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Xian C, He J, He Y, Nie J, Yuan Z, Sun J, Martens WN, Qin J, Zhu HY, Zhang Z. High Nitrile Yields of Aerobic Ammoxidation of Alcohols Achieved by Generating •O 2- and Br • Radicals over Iron-Modified TiO 2 Photocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23321-23331. [PMID: 36516341 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic ammoxidation of alcohols into nitriles is an essential reaction in organic synthesis. While highly desirable, conducting the synthesis at room temperature is challenging, using NH3 as the nitrogen source, O2 as the oxidant, and a catalyst without noble metals. Herein, we report robust photocatalysts consisting of Fe(III)-modified titanium dioxide (Fe/TiO2) for ammoxidation reactions at room temperature utilizing oxygen at atmospheric pressure, NH3 as the nitrogen source, and NH4Br as an additive. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of catalytic ammoxidation of alcohols over a photocatalyst using such cheap and benign materials. Various (hetero) aromatic nitriles were synthesized at high yields, and aliphatic alcohols could also be transformed into corresponding nitriles at considerable yields. The modification of TiO2 with Fe(III) facilitates the formation of active •O2- radicals and increases the adsorption of NH3 and amino intermediates on the catalyst, accelerating the ammoxidation to yield nitriles. The additive NH4Br impressively improves the catalytic efficiency via the formation of bromine radicals (Br•) from Br-, which works synergistically with •O2- to capture H• from Cα-H, which is present in benzyl alcohol and the intermediate aldimine (RCH═NH), to generate the active carbon-centered radicals. Further, the generation of Br• from the Br- additive consumes the photogenerated holes and OH• radicals to prevent over-oxidation, significantly improving the selectivity toward nitriles. This amalgamation of function and synergy of the Fe(III)-doped TiO2 and NH4Br reveals new opportunities for developing semiconductor-based photocatalytic systems for fine chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensheng Xian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jie He
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yurong He
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jiabao Nie
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ziliang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wayde N Martens
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Jingzhong Qin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huai-Yong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Zehui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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11
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Lei T, Cheng YY, Han X, Zhou C, Yang B, Fan XW, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Lewis Acid-Relayed Singlet Oxygen Reaction with Enamines: Selective Dimerization of Enamines to Pyrrolin-4-ones. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16667-16675. [PMID: 36047993 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2)-mediated oxidation represents an attractive strategy for incorporation of oxygen atoms from air under mild and environmentally benign conditions. However, the 1O2 reaction with enamine suffers from fragmentation, leading to very unsuccessful transformation. Here, Lewis acid is introduced to intercept [2 + 2] or "ene" reaction intermediates of the 1O2 reaction and enables oxidative dimerization of enamines to produce pyrrolin-4-ones in good to excellent yields. Mechanistic studies reveal the formation of the imino ketone intermediate from the interaction of 1O2 and enamine, which is able to interact with Lewis acid, relaying the 1O2 reaction in enamine chemistry. For the first time, selective cross-dimerization of two different enamines is achieved. Due to the advantages of mild conditions, high chemoselectivity, and up to 99% yield, a promising strategy has been developed for synthesizing aza-heterocycles under ambient conditions, which can be further applied for the synthesis of imidazolone, quinoxaline, and highly functionalized imine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Han
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Wei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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12
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Oxidative lactonization of C(sp3)-H bond in methyl aromatic alcohols enabled by proton-coupled electron transfer. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Qu CH, Huang R, Liu Y, Liu T, Song GT. Bromine-radical-induced C sp2–H difluoroalkylation of quinoxalinones and hydrazones through visible-light-promoted C sp3–Br bond homolysis. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00710j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bromine radicals derived from photo-induced Csp3–Br bond homolysis can mediate H abstraction/imine radical formation from quinoxalinones and hydrazones, which in turn quench the in situ-generated difluoroalkyl radicals to furnish the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Hua Qu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Run Huang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Gui-Ting Song
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
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