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Zhu SS, Lv H, Yuan X, Guo K. Photocatalytic Tricyclization of Enediynes for the Synthesis of Chromenoquinolines in Continuous Flow. Org Lett 2024; 26:8910-8915. [PMID: 39373972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
A photocatalyzed radical-initiated tricyclization of enediynes was developed to synthesize a range of hitherto unknown sulfonated chromenoquinolines with moderate to excellent yields under continuous operational conditions. The reaction mechanism involves a complex series of steps including alkyl radical capture by sulfur dioxide (SO2), radical addition, 6-exo-dig/6-exo-dig/6-endo-trig tricyclization, and single electron transfer (SET). This cascade of reactions results in the direct formation of a pentacyclic framework structure, along with the creation of up to three new rings and five chemical bonds in a single step. This photocatalytic protocol exhibits a diverse substrate scope, remarkable tolerance to functional groups, and scalable adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Zhu
- Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hao Lv
- Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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2
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Nishikata T. α-Halocarbonyls as a Valuable Functionalized Tertiary Alkyl Source. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202400108. [PMID: 38989712 DOI: 10.1002/open.202400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review introduces the synthetic organic chemical value of α-bromocarbonyl compounds with tertiary carbons. This α-bromocarbonyl compound with a tertiary carbon has been used primarily only as a radical initiator in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reactions. However, with the recent development of photo-radical reactions (around 2010), research on the use of α-bromocarbonyl compounds as tertiary alkyl radical precursors became popular (around 2012). As more examples were reported, α-bromocarbonyl compounds were studied not only as radicals but also for their applications in organometallic and ionic reactions. That is, α-bromocarbonyl compounds act as nucleophiles as well as electrophiles. The carbonyl group of α-bromocarbonyl compounds is also attractive because it allows the skeleton to be converted after the reaction, and it is being applied to total synthesis. In our survey until 2022, α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used to perform a full range of reactions necessary for organic synthesis, including multi-component reactions, cross-coupling, substitution, cyclization, rearrangement, stereospecific reactions, asymmetric reactions. α-Bromocarbonyl compounds have created a new trend in tertiary alkylation, which until then had limited reaction patterns in organic synthesis. This review focuses on how α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used in synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishikata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan
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3
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Huang N, Luo J, Liao L, Zhao X. Catalytic Enantioselective Aminative Difunctionalization of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7029-7038. [PMID: 38425285 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Enantioselective difunctionalization of alkenes offers a straightforward means for the rapid construction of enantioenriched complex molecules. Despite the tremendous efforts devoted to this field, enantioselective aminative difunctionalization remains a challenge, particularly through an electrophilic addition fashion. Herein, we report an unprecedented approach for the enantioselective aminative difunctionalization of alkenes via copper-catalyzed electrophilic addition with external azo compounds as nitrogen sources. A series of valuable cyclic hydrazine derivatives via either [3 + 2] cycloaddition or intramolecular cyclization have been achieved in high chemo-, regio-, enantio-, and diastereoselectivities. In this transformation, a wide range of functional groups, such as carboxylic acid, hydroxy, amide, sulfonamide, and aryl groups, could serve as nucleophiles. Importantly, a new cyano oxazoline chiral ligand was found to play a crucial role in the control of enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Huang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lihao Liao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Huang N, Liao L, Zhao X. Intermolecular Hydrazinative Halogenation of Alkenes with Potassium Halides as Nucleophilic Halogen Sources: Modular Entry to Phenelzine Derivatives. Org Lett 2023; 25:6587-6592. [PMID: 37616322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
An approach for the efficient synthesis of halogenated hydrazines via acid-mediated electrophilic hydrazinative halogenation of alkenes is disclosed. This transformation proceeds with readily available diethyl azodicarboxylate as a hydrazine source and low-cost potassium halides as nucleophilic halogen sources. A series of iodinated, brominated, and chlorinated hydrazines are facilely produced with a wide range of functional groups. The obtained products are good platform molecules. They can be conveniently converted into a variety of valuable phenelzine analogues which are appealing for development of novel drugs treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Huang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lihao Liao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
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5
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Zhang Y, Yang D, Lu D, Gong Y. Photoredox-Enabled Dearomatization of Protected Anilines: Access to Cyclohexadienone Imines with Contiguous Quaternary Centers. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 36808968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
A photoredox-enabled alkylative dearomatization of protected anilines is reported. Under Ir catalysis and light irradiation, an N-carbamoyl-protected aniline and an α-bromocarbonyl compound could be simultaneously activated, and the two resulting radical species then recombine with each other to afford a dearomatized cyclohexadienone imine as the major product. A series of such imines with contiguous quaternary carbon centers were prepared, which can be further converted into cyclohexadienones, cyclohexadienols, and cyclohexyl amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Daoyi Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Dengfu Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.,Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, 9 Yuexing 3rd Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518063, China
| | - Yuefa Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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Zhu SS, Liu JK, Qin LZ, Wang J, Duan X, Yuan X, Qiu JK, Guo K. Visible-Light-Promoted Cyanoalkylation/Cyclization Cascade Reaction to Assemble Polyheterocycles in Continuous Flow. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2057-2068. [PMID: 36710438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a visible-light-induced cascade reaction for preparing cyanoalkyl-containing polyheterocycles initiated by the photoinduced radical cascade addition of N-arylacrylamide derivatives using cyclic oxime esters as radical sources followed by cyanoalkyl-mediated cyclization. This protocol features outstanding functional group compatibility, providing a variety of desired phenanthridine derivatives in moderate to good yields. Moreover, the application of a microflow technique enhanced these reactions compared with the equivalent batch reaction, significantly reducing reaction times to 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Kang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Long-Zhou Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xiu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Kai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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Meng Y, Gnanamani E, Zare RN. Direct C(sp 3)–N Bond Formation between Toluene and Amine in Water Microdroplets. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19709-19713. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Elumalai Gnanamani
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Cheng XY, Zhang YF, Wang JH, Gu QS, Li ZL, Liu XY. A Counterion/Ligand-Tuned Chemo- and Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Intermolecular Radical 1,2-Carboamination of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18081-18089. [PMID: 36153984 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The copper-catalyzed enantioselective intermolecular radical 1,2-carboamination of alkenes with readily accessible alkyl halides is an appealing strategy for producing chiral amine scaffolds. The challenge arises from the easily occurring atom transfer radical addition between alkyl halides and alkenes and the issue of enantiocontrol. We herein describe a radical alkene 1,2-carboamination with sulfoximines in a highly chemo- and enantioselective manner. The key to the success of this process is the conceptual design of a counterion/highly sterically demanded ligand coeffect to promote the ligand exchange of copper(I) with sulfoximines and forge chiral C-N bonds between alkyl radicals and the chiral copper(II) complex. The reaction covers alkenes bearing distinct electronic properties, such as aryl-, heteroaryl-, carbonyl-, and aminocarbonyl-substituted ones, and various radical precursors, including alkyl chlorides, bromides, iodides, and the CF3 source. Facile transformations deliver many chiral amine building blocks of interest in organic synthesis and related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yan Cheng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jia-Huan Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiang-Shuai Gu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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9
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Majhi J, Dhungana RK, Rentería-Gómez Á, Sharique M, Li L, Dong W, Gutierrez O, Molander GA. Metal-Free Photochemical Imino-Alkylation of Alkenes with Bifunctional Oxime Esters. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15871-15878. [PMID: 35984388 PMCID: PMC10245625 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The concurrent installation of C-C and C-N bonds across alkene frameworks represents a powerful tool to prepare motifs that are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals and bioactive compounds. To construct such prevalent bonds, most alkene difunctionalization methods demand the use of precious metals or activated alkenes. We report a metal-free, photochemically mediated imino-alkylation of electronically diverse alkenes to install both alkyl and iminyl groups in a highly efficient manner. The exceptionally mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, and facile one-pot reaction protocol highlight the utility of this method to prepare privileged motifs from readily available alkene and acid feedstocks. One key and striking feature of this transformation is that an electrophilic trifluoromethyl radical is equally efficient with both electron-deficient and electron-rich alkenes. Additionally, dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) and empirical investigations provide detailed mechanistic insight into this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadab Majhi
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Roshan K. Dhungana
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ángel Rentería-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mohammed Sharique
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Longbo Li
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Weizhe Dong
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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10
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Wu M, Zhang H, Wang T, Lin S, Guo Z, Gao H, Zhou Z, Yi W. Rh(III)-Catalyzed chemo-, regio- and stereoselective carboamination of sulfonyl allenes with N-phenoxy amides or N-enoxy imides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9286-9289. [PMID: 35904085 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02982k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Rh(III)-catalyzed chemo-, regio- and stereoselective carboamination of sulfonyl allenes has been realized by virtue of either N-phenoxy amides or N-enoxy imides simultaneously acting as the C- and N-sources, via redox-neutral tandem C-H activation/allene insertion/oxidative addition/C-N bond formation for the direct construction of allylamine derivatives equipped with an α-quaternary carbon center. This protocol features high atom-economy with good substrate compatibility and exhibits profound synthetic potential for late-stage C-H modification of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P. R. China.
| | - Haiman Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P. R. China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang Lin
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P. R. China.
| | - Ziyang Guo
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Gao
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Yi
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P. R. China.
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