1
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Zachmann AKZ, Drappeau JA, Liu S, Alexanian EJ. C(sp 3)-H (N-Phenyltetrazole)thiolation as an Enabling Tool for Molecular Diversification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404879. [PMID: 38657161 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Methods enabling the broad diversification of C(sp3)-H bonds from a common intermediate are especially valuable in chemical synthesis. Herein, we report a site-selective (N-phenyltetrazole)thiolation of aliphatic and (hetero)benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds using a commercially available disulfide to access N-phenyltetrazole thioethers. The thioether products are readily elaborated in diverse fragment couplings for C-C, C-O, or C-N construction. The C-H functionalization proceeds via a radical-chain pathway involving hydrogen atom transfer by the electron-poor N-phenyltetrazolethiyl radical. Hexafluoroisopropanol was found to be essential to reactions involving aliphatic C(sp3)-H thiolation, with computational analysis consistent with dual hydrogen bonding of the N-phenyltetrazolethiyl radical imparting increased radical electrophilicity to facilitate the hydrogen atom transfer. Substrate is limiting reagent in all cases, and the reaction displays an exceptional functional group tolerance well suited to applications in late-stage diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K Z Zachmann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Justine A Drappeau
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shubin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Erik J Alexanian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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2
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Ohtsuka M, Ghosh K, Yim JCH, Sotome H, Okamoto T, Suda K, Kobori Y, Yokogawa D, Miyasaka H, Crudden CM, Nambo M. Visible-light-induced direct C-H alkylation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with alkylsulfones. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10592-10599. [PMID: 38994431 PMCID: PMC11234832 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02577f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are fragments of graphene that have attracted considerable attention as a new class of carbon-based materials. The functionalization of edge positions in PAHs is important to enable the modulation of physical and chemical properties essential for various applications. However, straightforward methods that combine functional group tolerance and regioselectivity remain sought after. Here we report a photochemical approach for the direct alkylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds in PAHs that takes place in a regiospecific manner, an outcome that has never been achieved in related thermal reactions. A reaction mechanism involving a single electron transfer process from photo-excited PAHs to sulfones, and a rationale for the origin of regioselectivity are proposed on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoo Ohtsuka
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya Aichi 464-8601 Japan
| | - Koushik Ghosh
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya Aichi 464-8601 Japan
| | - Jacky C-H Yim
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya Aichi 464-8601 Japan
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Tsubasa Okamoto
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku Kobe 657-8501 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Kayo Suda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku Kobe 657-8501 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Daisuke Yokogawa
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya Aichi 464-8601 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University Chernoff Hall Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, Queen's University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Masakazu Nambo
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya Aichi 464-8601 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Furo, Chikusa Nagoya Aichi 464-8601 Japan
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3
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Zhang YY, Zhang Y, Xue XS, Qing FL. Reversal of the Regioselectivity of Iron-Promoted Hydrogenation and Hydrohalogenation of gem-Difluoroalkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406324. [PMID: 38637292 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The reaction regioselectivity of gem-difluoroalkenes is dependent on the intrinsic polarity. Thus, the reversal of the regioselectivity of the addition reaction of gem-difluoroalkenes remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we described an unprecedented reversal of regioselectivity of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) to gem-difluoroalkenes triggered by Fe-H species for the formation of difluoroalkyl radicals. Hydrogenation of the in situ generated radicals gave difluoromethylated products. Mechanism experiments and theoretical studies revealed that the kinetic effect of the irreversible HAT process resulted in the reversal of the regioselectivity of this scenario, leading to the formation of a less stable α-difluoroalkyl radical regioisomer. On basis of this new reaction of gem-difluoroalkene, the iron-promoted hydrohalogenation of gem-difluoroalkenes for the efficient synthesis of aliphatic chlorodifluoromethyl-, bromodifluoromethyl- and iododifluoromethyl-containing compounds was developed. Particularly, this novel hydrohalogenation of gem-difluoroalkenes provided an effect and large-scale access to various iododifluoromethylated compounds of high value for synthetic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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4
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Wang H, He YY, Han J, Zhou ZQ, Hu XQ. Metal-Free Cyanation of gem-Difluoroalkenes via Azide-Mediated C-C Double Bond Fragmentation. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38787532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Activation and cleavage of C-C double bonds are long-standing challenges in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report an unprecedented azide-mediated C-C double bond fragmentation of gem-difluoroalkenes under mild and metal-free conditions, enabling the efficient synthesis of structurally diverse aromatic nitriles in moderate to good yields. This protocol is also amenable to the cyanation of gem-dichloro and dibromo alkenes. This reaction features simple operation and good functional group compatibility and can be implemented at a gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan He
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jianwei Han
- Jiangsu Tetra New Material Technology Co., Ltd, Taixing 225400, China
| | - Zhong-Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
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5
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Kong L, Ti W, Lin A, Yao H, Huang Y, Li X. Palladium-Catalyzed Defluorinative Alkylation of gem-Difluoroalkenes with Cyclopropanols: Stereoselective Synthesis of γ-Fluorinated γ,δ-Unsaturated Ketones. Org Lett 2024; 26:3591-3596. [PMID: 38661127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed defluorinative alkylation of gem-difluoroalkenes with cyclopropyl alcohols was developed. A range of γ-fluorinated γ,δ-unsaturated ketones were constructed in good yields with excellent stereoselectivities. In addition, by base-mediated intramolecular nucleophilic vinylic substitution (SNV), the products could be further transformed to 2,5-dimethylenetetrahydrofurans and analogues with excellent stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Kong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Wenqing Ti
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Hequan Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211098, China
| | - Xuanyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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6
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Wang X, Wang K, Song H, Niu Y, Hou W, Hu M. Electrocatalysis-Enabled Defluorinative Cross-Coupling of gem-Difluoroalkenes with Aldehydes and Ketones. Org Lett 2024; 26:160-165. [PMID: 38147591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical defluorinative cross-coupling of gem-difluoroalkenes with carbonyl compounds was described, by which highly stereoselective monofluoroalkene allyl alcohols were synthesized. The reaction tolerates a broad range of functional groups and has successfully been applied to synthesize complex molecules. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction starts from electron reduction of gem-difluoroalkenes to generate radical negative ions, which undergo β-fluoride elimination and subsequent reduction to form anions. These anions are subsequently trapped by carbonyl compounds to furnish target products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Kaiteng Wang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Haixia Song
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yuhui Niu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Weiwei Hou
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Mingyou Hu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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7
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Xia C, Hu H, Xu W, Yang B, Shao Q, Wu M. Defluoroalkylation of gem-Difluoroalkenes with Alcohols via C-F/C-H Coupling. Org Lett 2024; 26:310-314. [PMID: 38134354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
A feasible and effective method to synthesize α-fluoroalkenyl alcohols was reported. With the cooperation of photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes, defluoroalkylations of gem-difluoroalkenes occurred smoothly with alcohols under visible-light irradiation. Notably, the protocols feature broad scopes, mild conditions, and validity for the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecule derivatives. Mechanistic studies suggested that the reaction occurred through the radical coupling of the alkyl radical and the fluoroalkenyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congjian Xia
- College of New Energy, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), 266580 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 266580 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Wengang Xu
- College of New Energy, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), 266580 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Baokai Yang
- College of New Energy, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), 266580 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Qi Shao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 266580 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Mingbo Wu
- College of New Energy, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), 266580 Qingdao, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 266580 Qingdao, P. R. China
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8
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Patel S, Chakraborty A, Chatterjee I. C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Radical-Cross-Coupling Reaction via Photoexcitation. Org Lett 2023; 25:8246-8251. [PMID: 37947520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The photoexcitation of 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines (alkyl-DHPs) in the presence of a base triggers the single-electron-transfer-mediated desulfonative radical-cross-coupling (RCC) reaction without the need for any metal or photocatalyst. 4-Alkyl-substituted 1,4-DHPs as the electron donor (reductant) and alkyl sulfones as the electron acceptor (oxidant) are chosen strategically as the two best-matched modular radical precursors for the construction of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds. Ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (365 nm) have proven to be adequate for inducing single-electron transfer between two radical precursors in the excited state. Following this designed strategy, a diverse collection of primary, secondary, and tertiary persistent alkyl radicals from both radical precursors have been used to forge C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds. This blueprint features good functional group compatibility, a broad scope, and detailed mechanistic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Arijit Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Indranil Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
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9
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Sengoku T, Iwama H, Shimotori T, Fujimoto K, Inuzuka T, Matsune K, Yoda H. Visible-Light-Induced Reductive Coupling of Arylacetylenes with Benzothiazole Sulfones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12776-12782. [PMID: 37614008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we propose heavy-metal-free reductive coupling of arylacetylenes with benzothiazole sulfones. The reactions of alkyl or benzylic benzothiazole sulfones with arylacetylenes are successfully performed in the presence of Hantzsch esters and K2CO3 under visible-light irradiation to afford 1,2-disubstituted alkenes in moderate to good yields, with Z-isomer as the major product. The utility of this protocol is expanded to α-deuterative coupling using a deuterated Hantzsch ester, furnishing the corresponding alkenes with high deuterium incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Sengoku
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Haruka Iwama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Takuma Shimotori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fujimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Inuzuka
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Koki Matsune
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Hidemi Yoda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
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10
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Li MY, Zhai S, Nong XM, Gu A, Li J, Lin GQ, Liu Y. Trisubstituted alkenes featuring aryl groups: stereoselective synthetic strategies and applications. Sci China Chem 2023; 66:1261-1287. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
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11
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Liu YT, Fan YH, Mei Y, Li DJ, Jiang Y, Yu WH, Pan F. Chromium-Catalyzed Defluorinative Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes with gem-Difluoroalkenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:549-554. [PMID: 36637443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a mild and convenient defluorinative reductive cross coupling of gem-difluoroalkenes with aliphatic aldehydes has been developed to afford diverse silyl-protected β-fluorinated allylic alcohols. The reaction is operationally simple and shows good functional group tolerance with moderate to excellent yields. The utility of this method is demonstrated by converting the products into various bioactive fluorinated compounds, showing its potential applications in drug discovery and biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hang Fan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Mei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Jie Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Pan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
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12
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Lu MZ, Goh J, Maraswami M, Jia Z, Tian JS, Loh TP. Recent Advances in Alkenyl sp 2 C-H and C-F Bond Functionalizations: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17479-17646. [PMID: 36240299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alkenes and their derivatives are featured widely in a variety of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and advanced materials. Significant efforts have been made toward the development of new and practical methods to access this important class of compounds by selectively activating the alkenyl C(sp2)-H bonds in recent years. In this comprehensive review, we describe the state-of-the-art strategies for the direct functionalization of alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bonds until June 2022. Moreover, metal-free, photoredox, and electrochemical strategies are also covered. For clarity, this review has been divided into two parts; the first part focuses on currently available alkenyl sp2 C-H functionalization methods using different alkene derivatives as the starting materials, and the second part describes the alkenyl sp2 C-F bond functionalization using easily accessible gem-difluoroalkenes as the starting material. This review includes the scope, limitations, mechanistic studies, stereoselective control (using directing groups as well as metal-migration strategies), and their applications to complex molecule synthesis where appropriate. Overall, this comprehensive review aims to document the considerable advancements, current status, and emerging work by critically summarizing the contributions of researchers working in this fascinating area and is expected to stimulate novel, innovative, and broadly applicable strategies for alkenyl sp2 C-H and C-F bond functionalizations in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Lu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Goh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Manikantha Maraswami
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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13
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Du D, Peng H, He L, Bai S, Li Z, Teng H. Synthesis of remote fluoroalkenyl ketones by photo-induced ring-opening addition of cyclic alkoxy radicals to fluorinated alkenes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9313-9318. [PMID: 36408839 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01533a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroalkenyl moieties are often used as carbonyl mimics in medicine preparation, and thus the development of facile routes for the synthesis of such compounds is of great importance. In this work, we report a photocatalytic ring-opening addition of cyclic alcohols to α-(trifluoromethyl)styrenes, which underwent a proton-coupled electron transfer and β-scission process, delivering a great variety of remote gem-difluoroalkenyl ketone derivatives. This methodology can also be applied in the reaction of gem-difluorostyrenes and 1,1,2-trifluorostyrenes to access monofluoro- and 1,2-difluoroalkenyl ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Du
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Han Peng
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Ling He
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Shunpeng Bai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghua Li
- School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Huailong Teng
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
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14
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Mandal T, Mallick S, Kumari N, De Sarkar S. Visible-Light-Mediated Synthesis of Phenanthrenes through Successive Photosensitization and Photoredox by a Single Organocatalyst. Org Lett 2022; 24:8452-8457. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanumoy Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Samrat Mallick
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Nidhi Kumari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
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