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Shan QC, Wu YW, Chen MX, Zhao X, Loh TP, Hu XH. Synergistic Copper-Aminocatalysis for Direct Tertiary α-Alkylation of Ketones with Electron-Deficient Alkanes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402255. [PMID: 38885363 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel approach for the tertiary α-alkylation of ketones using alkanes with electron-deficient C─H bonds is presented, employing a synergistic catalytic system combining inexpensive copper salts with aminocatalysis. This methodology addresses the limitations of traditional alkylation methods, such as the need for strong metallic bases, regioselectivity issues, and the risk of over alkylation, by providing a high reactivity and chemoselectivity without the necessity for pre-functionalized substrates. The dual catalytic strategy enables the direct functionalization of C(sp3)─H bonds, demonstrating remarkable selectivity in the presence of conventional C(sp3)─H bonds that are adjacent to heteroatoms or π systems, which are typically susceptible to single-electron transfer processes. The findings contribute to the advancement of alkylation techniques, offering a practical and efficient route for the construction of C(sp3)─C(sp3) bonds, and paving the way for further developments in the synthesis of complex organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Chao Shan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - You-Wei Wu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mu-Xiang Chen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xu-Hong Hu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
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Dam P, Zuo K, Azofra LM, El-Sepelgy O. Biomimetic Photoexcited Cobaloxime Catalysis in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202405775. [PMID: 38775208 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Drawing inspiration from nature has long been a cornerstone of chemical innovation, with natural systems offering a wealth of untapped potential for discovery. In this minireview, we delve into the burgeoning field of cobaloxime catalysis in organic synthesis, which mimics the catalytic activity of the natural organometallic alkylcobalamine enzymes. Our focus lies on elucidating the latest advancements in this area, as well as delineating the primary mechanistic pathways at play. By describing, and comparing these mechanisms, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art, while also shedding light on the key unresolved challenges that await further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong Dam
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kaiming Zuo
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Luis Miguel Azofra
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Osama El-Sepelgy
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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3
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Hou H, Pan Y, Sun Y, Han Y, Yan C, Shi Y, Zhu S. Visible-Light Photoredox Catalyzed Regioselective 1,4-Hydroalkylation of 1,3-Enyne. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301633. [PMID: 37365999 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Described herein is a visible-light photoredox-catalyzed regioselective 1,4-hydroalkylation of 1,3-enynes. Various of di- and tri-substituent allenes were really accessible under the present reaction conditions. The visible-light photoredox activation of the carbon nucleophile to generate its radical species, allowing the addition with un-activated enynes. The synthetic utility for the present protocol was demonstrated by a large-scale reaction, as well as the derivatization of the allene product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Yuejie Sun
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Ying Han
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Chaoguo Yan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Yaocheng Shi
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Shaoqun Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
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Chen PF, Li DS, Ou WT, Xue F, Deng HP. 2-Isopropylthioxanthone-Catalyzed Divergent Functionalization of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes under Visible-Light Irradiation. Org Lett 2023; 25:6184-6188. [PMID: 37559181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Functionalized cyclobutane structural motifs are ubiquitous in natural products and pharmaceuticals. Photoinduced alkylation of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) offers a step-economical strategy for accessing 1,3-functionalized cyclobutane motifs. Herein, we disclose a general and mild photocatalytic protocol of bromoallylation and alkylation of BCBs in a metal, additive-free manner by using the same photocatalyst, 2-isopropylthioxanthone, in different catalytic roles. Furthermore, the synthetic utility of these products was illustrated in the synthesis of various valuable and complex cyclobutane derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Sheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Tong Ou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xue
- Institute of Material Physics & Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ping Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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5
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Katta N, Zhao QQ, Mandal T, Reiser O. Divergent and Synergistic Photocatalysis: Hydro- and Oxoalkylation of Vinyl Arenes for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopentanols via a Formal [4+1]-Annulation of 1,3-Dicarbonyls. ACS Catal 2022; 12:14398-14407. [PMID: 36439036 PMCID: PMC9680001 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
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The controllable
divergent reactivity of 1,3-dicarbonyls is described,
which enables the efficient hydro- and oxoalkylation of vinyl arenes.
Both reaction pathways are initiated through the formation of polarity-reversed C-centered-radical intermediates at the active methylene
center of 1,3-dicarbonyls via direct photocatalytic C–H bond
transformations. The oxoalkylation of alkenes is achieved under aerobic
conditions via a Cu(II)-photomediated rebound mechanism, while
the corresponding hydroalkylation becomes possible under a nitrogen
atmosphere by the combination of 4CzIPN and a Brønsted base.
The breadth of these divergent protocols is demonstrated in the late-stage
modification of drugs and natural products and by the transformation
of the products to a variety of heterocycles such as pyridines, pyrroles,
or furans. Moreover, the two catalytic modes can be combined synergistically
for the stereoselective construction of cyclopentanol derivatives
in a formal [4+1]-annulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narenderreddy Katta
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Quan-Qing Zhao
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tirtha Mandal
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Hong Y, Dong MY, Li DS, Deng HP. Photoinduced Three-Component Carboarylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Protic C(sp 3)-H Feedstocks. Org Lett 2022; 24:7677-7684. [PMID: 36214601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A general and mild strategy involving three-component carboarylation of unactivated alkenes with protic C(sp3)-H feedstocks via photoredox catalysis was reported. This catalytic system is compatible with a broad range of unactivated alkenes, cyano-substituted arenes, and diverse protic C(sp3)-H feedstocks. The synthetic value of this protocol was demonstrated by the late-stage functionalization of complex molecules and the synthesis of the antiallergies including pheniramine, chlorpheniramine, and brompheniramine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yuan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Sheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ping Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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