1
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Lancaster H, Goodall JC, Douglas SP, Ashfield LJ, Duckett SB, Perutz RN, Weller AS. Platinum(II) Phenylpyridyl Schiff Base Complexes as Latent, Photoactivated, Alkene Hydrosilylation Catalysts. ACS Catal 2024; 14:7492-7505. [PMID: 38779183 PMCID: PMC11106775 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Photoactivated catalysts for the hydrosilylation of alkenes with silanes offer temporal control in manufacturing processes that require silicone curing. We report the development of a range of air-stable Pt(II) (salicylaldimine)(phenylpyridyl), [Pt(sal)(ppy)], complexes as photoinitiated hydrosilylation catalysts. Some of these catalysts show appreciable latency in thermal catalysis and can also be rapidly (10 s) activated by a LED UV-light source (365 nm), to give systems that selectively couple trimethylvinylsilane and hexamethylsiloxymethylsilane to give the linear hydrosilylation product. Although an undetectable (by NMR spectroscopy) amount of precatalyst is converted to the active form under UV-irradiation in the timescale required to initiate hydrosilylation, clean and reliable kinetics can be measured for these systems that allow for a detailed mechanism to be developed for Pt(sal)(ppy)-based photoactivated hydrosilylation. The suggested mechanism is shown to have close parallels with, but also subtle differences from, those previously proposed for thermally-activated Karstedt-type Pt(0) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena
G. Lancaster
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Joe C. Goodall
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Samuel P. Douglas
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Center, Blounts Court Road, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Laura J. Ashfield
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Center, Blounts Court Road, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Robin N. Perutz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Andrew S. Weller
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
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2
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Titova YY. Dynamic EPR Studies of the Formation of Catalytically Active Centres in Multicomponent Hydrogenation Systems. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13040653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of catalytically active nano-sized cobalt-containing structures in multicomponent hydrogenation systems based on Co(acac)2 complex and various cocatalysts, namely, AlEt3, AlEt2(OEt), Li-n-Bu, and (PhCH2)MgCl, has been studied for the first time in detail using dynamic EPR spectroscopy. It is shown that after mixing the initial components, paramagnetic structures are formed, which include a fragment containing Co(0) with the electronic configuration 3d9, as well as a fragment bearing an aluminium, lithium, or magnesium atom, depending on the nature of the used cocatalyst. Such bimetallic paramagnetic sites are stabilized by acetylacetonate ligands. In addition, the paramagnetic complex contains the arene molecule(s), and the cobalt atom is bonded with the atom of the corresponding non-transition through the alkyl group of the co-catalyst, in particular through the carbon atom in the α-position with respect to the atom of the non-transition element. Due to the high reactivity of the described intermediates, they, under the conditions of hydrogenation catalysis, are transformed into nano-sized cobalt-containing structures that act as carriers of the catalytically active sites. Furthermore, because of the high reactivity and paramagnetism, such intermediates can be detected only by the EPR technique. The paper describes the whole experimental way of interpreting the EPR signals corresponding to the intermediates, precursors of catalytically active structures. In addition, a possible mathematical model based on the obtained experimental EPR data is presented.
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3
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Mathiesen JK, Quinson J, Blaseio S, Kjær ETS, Dworzak A, Cooper SR, Pedersen JK, Wang B, Bizzotto F, Schröder J, Kinnibrugh TL, Simonsen SB, Theil Kuhn L, Kirkensgaard JJK, Rossmeisl J, Oezaslan M, Arenz M, Jensen KMØ. Chemical Insights into the Formation of Colloidal Iridium Nanoparticles from In Situ X-ray Total Scattering: Influence of Precursors and Cations on the Reaction Pathway. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1769-1782. [PMID: 36631996 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Iridium nanoparticles are important catalysts for several chemical and energy conversion reactions. Studies of iridium nanoparticles have also been a key for the development of kinetic models of nanomaterial formation. However, compared to other metals such as gold or platinum, knowledge on the nature of prenucleation species and structural insights into the resultant nanoparticles are missing, especially for nanoparticles obtained from IrxCly precursors investigated here. We use in situ X-ray total scattering (TS) experiments with pair distribution function (PDF) analysis to study a simple, surfactant-free synthesis of colloidal iridium nanoparticles. The reaction is performed in methanol at 50 °C with only a base and an iridium salt as precursor. From different precursor salts─IrCl3, IrCl4, H2IrCl6, or Na2IrCl6─colloidal nanoparticles as small as Ir∼55 are obtained as the final product. The nanoparticles do not show the bulk iridium face-centered cubic (fcc) structure but show decahedral and icosahedral structures. The formation route is highly dependent on the precursor salt used. Using IrCl3 or IrCl4, metallic iridium nanoparticles form rapidly from IrxClyn- complexes, whereas using H2IrCl6 or Na2IrCl6, the iridium nanoparticle formation follows a sudden growth after an induction period and the brief appearance of a crystalline phase. With H2IrCl6, the formation of different Irn (n = 55, 55, 85, and 116) nanoparticles depends on the nature of the cation in the base (LiOH, NaOH, KOH, or CsOH, respectively) and larger particles are obtained with larger cations. As the particles grow, the nanoparticle structure changes from partly icosahedral to decahedral. The results show that the synthesis of iridium nanoparticles from IrxCly is a valuable iridium nanoparticle model system, which can provide new compositional and structural insights into iridium nanoparticle formation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jette K Mathiesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej Bldg. 312, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Quinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Åbogade 40, 8200Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sonja Blaseio
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt Str. 35a, 38106Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Emil T S Kjær
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Dworzak
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt Str. 35a, 38106Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susan R Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jack K Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Baiyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Francesco Bizzotto
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Schröder
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tiffany L Kinnibrugh
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Søren B Simonsen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej Bldg. 310, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Luise Theil Kuhn
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej Bldg. 310, 2800Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jacob J K Kirkensgaard
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,Niels-Bohr-Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mehtap Oezaslan
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt Str. 35a, 38106Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten M Ø Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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4
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Gyton M, Royle CG, Beaumont SK, Duckett SB, Weller AS. Mechanistic Insights into Molecular Crystalline Organometallic Heterogeneous Catalysis through Parahydrogen-Based Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2619-2629. [PMID: 36688560 PMCID: PMC9896567 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous solid-gas reactions of crystals of [Rh(L2)(propene)][BArF4] (1, L2 = tBu2PCH2CH2PtBu2) with H2 and propene, 1-butene, propyne, or 1-butyne are explored by gas-phase nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy under batch conditions at 25 °C. The temporal evolution of the resulting parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) effects measures catalytic flux and thus interrogates the efficiency of catalytic pairwise para-H2 transfer, speciation changes in the crystalline catalyst at the molecular level, and allows for high-quality single-scan 1H, 13C NMR gas-phase spectra for the products to be obtained, as well as 2D-measurements. Complex 1 reacts with H2 to form dimeric [Rh(L2)(H)(μ-H)]2[BArF4]2 (4), as probed using EXAFS; meanwhile, a single-crystal of 1 equilibrates NMR silent para-H2 with its NMR active ortho isomer, contemporaneously converting into 4, and 1 and 4 each convert para-H2 into ortho-H2 at different rates. Hydrogenation of propene using 1 and para-H2 results in very high initial polarization levels in propane (>85%). Strong PHIP was also detected in the hydrogenation products of 1-butene, propyne, and 1-butyne. With propyne, a competing cyclotrimerization deactivation process occurs to afford [Rh(tBu2PCH2CH2PtBu2)(1,3,4-Me3C6H3)][BArF4], while with 1-butyne, rapid isomerization of 1-butyne occurs to give a butadiene complex, which then reacts with H2 more slowly to form catalytically active 4. Surprisingly, the high PHIP hydrogenation efficiencies allow hyperpolarization effects to be seen when H2 is taken directly from a regular cylinder at 25 °C. Finally, changing the chelating phosphine to Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2 results in initial high polarization efficiencies for propene hydrogenation, but rapid quenching of the catalyst competes to form the zwitterion [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2){η6-(CF3)2(C6H3)}BArF3].
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
R. Gyton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.,Centre
for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Cameron G. Royle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.,Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Simon K. Beaumont
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.,Centre
for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.,
| | - Andrew S. Weller
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.,
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5
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Ballesteros-Soberanas J, Carrasco JA, Leyva-Pérez A. Parts-Per-Million of Soluble Pd 0 Catalyze the Semi-Hydrogenation Reaction of Alkynes to Alkenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:18-26. [PMID: 35584367 PMCID: PMC9830639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of cis-alkenes is industrially carried out by selective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes with complex Pd catalysts, which include the Lindlar catalyst (PdPb on CaCO3) and c-Pd/TiS (colloidal ligand-protected Pd nanoparticles), among others. Here, we show that Pd0 atoms are generated from primary Pd salts (PdCl2, PdSO4, Pd(OH)2, PdO) with H2 in alcohol solutions, independently of the alkyne, to catalyze the semi-hydrogenation reaction with extraordinarily high efficiency (up to 735 s-1), yield (up to 99%), and selectivity (up to 99%). The easy-to-prepare Pd0 species hold other potential catalytic applications.
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6
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Belykh LB, Skripov NI, Sterenchuk TP, Kornaukhova TA, Milenkaya EA, Schmidt FK. Competitive hydrogenation of alkynes and olefins: Application for the analysis of size sensitivity. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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7
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Titova YY, Schmidt FK. What 27Al NMR Spectroscopy Can Offer to Study of Multicomponent Catalytic Hydrogenation Systems? J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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8
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Denisova EA, Kostyukovich AY, Fakhrutdinov AN, Korabelnikova VA, Galushko AS, Ananikov VP. “Hidden” Nanoscale Catalysis in Alkyne Hydrogenation with Well-Defined Molecular Pd/NHC Complexes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Denisova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu. Kostyukovich
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Artem N. Fakhrutdinov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Viktoria A. Korabelnikova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey S. Galushko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
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9
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Akbayrak S, Özkar S. Magnetically Isolable Pt 0/Co 3O 4 Nanocatalysts: Outstanding Catalytic Activity and High Reusability in Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34341-34348. [PMID: 34255473 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of a new platinum nanocatalyst to maximize the catalytic efficiency of the precious noble metal catalyst in releasing hydrogen from ammonia borane (AB) is reported. Platinum(0) nanoparticles are impregnated on a reducible cobalt(II,III) oxide surface, forming magnetically isolable Pt0/Co3O4 nanocatalysts, which have (i) superb catalytic activity providing a record turnover frequency (TOF) of 4366 min-1 for hydrogen evolution from the hydrolysis of AB at room temperature and (ii) excellent reusability, retaining the complete catalytic activity even after the 10th run of hydrolysis reaction. The outstanding activity and stability of the catalyst can be ascribed to the strong interaction between the platinum(0) nanoparticles and reducible cobalt oxide, which is supported by the results of XPS analysis. Pt0/Co3O4 exhibits the highest TOF among the reported platinum-nanocatalysts developed for hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of AB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Akbayrak
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Sinop University, 57000 Sinop, Turkey
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090 Konya, Turkey
| | - Saim Özkar
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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10
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Özkar S. A review on platinum(0) nanocatalysts for hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of ammonia borane. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12349-12364. [PMID: 34259283 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01709h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review reports a survey on the progress in developing highly efficient platinum nanocatalysts for the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB). After a short prelude emphasizing the importance of increasing the atom efficiency of high cost, precious platinum nanoparticles (NPs) which are known to be one of the highest activity catalysts for hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of AB, this article reviews all the available reports on the use of platinum-based catalysts for this hydrolysis reaction covering (i) early tested platinum catalysts, (ii) platinum(0) NPs supported on oxides, (iii) platinum(0) NPs supported on carbonaceous materials, (iv) supported platinum single-atom catalysts, (v) bimetallic- and (vi) multimetallic-platinum NP nanocatalysts, and (vii) magnetically separable platinum-based catalysts. All the reported results are tabulated along with the important parameters used in the platinum-catalyzed hydrolysis of AB. In the section "Concluding remarks and a look towards the future" a discussion is devoted to the approaches for making high cost, precious platinum catalysts as efficient as possible, ultimately lowering the cost, including the suggestions for the future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saim Özkar
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
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11
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Skripov NI, Belykh LB, Sterenchuk TP, Levchenko AS, Schmidt FK. Reasons for the Inverse Dependence of the Turnover Frequency of Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Compounds on Palladium Catalyst Concentration. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158421020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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12
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Martínez-Martínez AJ, Royle CG, Furfari SK, Suriye K, Weller AS. Solid-State Molecular Organometallic Catalysis in Gas/Solid Flow (Flow-SMOM) as Demonstrated by Efficient Room Temperature and Pressure 1-Butene Isomerization. ACS Catal 2020; 10:1984-1992. [PMID: 32296595 PMCID: PMC7147255 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
use of solid–state molecular organometallic chemistry
(SMOM–chem) to promote the efficient double bond isomerization
of 1-butene to 2-butenes under flow–reactor conditions is reported.
Single crystalline catalysts based upon the σ-alkane complexes
[Rh(R2PCH2CH2PR2)(η2η2-NBA)][BArF4] (R
= Cy, tBu; NBA = norbornane; ArF = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3) are prepared by hydrogenation
of a norbornadiene precursor. For the tBu-substituted system
this results in the loss of long-range order, which can be re-established
by addition of 1-butene to the material to form a mixture of [Rh(tBu2PCH2CH2PtBu2)(cis-2-butene)][BArF4] and [Rh(tBu2PCH2CH2PtBu2)(1-butene)][BArF4], in an order/disorder/order phase change. Deployment under flow-reactor
conditions results in very different on-stream stabilities. With R
= Cy rapid deactivation (3 h) to the butadiene complex occurs, [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(butadiene)][BArF4], which can be reactivated by simple addition
of H2. While the equivalent butadiene complex does not
form with R = tBu at 298 K and on-stream conversion
is retained up to 90 h, deactivation is suggested to occur via loss
of crystallinity of the SMOM catalyst. Both systems operate under
the industrially relevant conditions of an isobutene co-feed. cis:trans
selectivites for 2-butene are biased in favor of cis for the tBu system and are more leveled for Cy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cameron G. Royle
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingsdom
| | - Samantha K. Furfari
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingsdom
| | - Kongkiat Suriye
- SCG Chemicals, 1 Siam Cement Road, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Andrew S. Weller
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingsdom
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13
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Jagannathan JR, Diemoz KM, Targos K, Fettinger JC, Franz AK. Kinetic and Binding Studies Reveal Cooperativity and Off-Cycle Competition for H-Bonding Catalysis with Silsesquioxane Silanols. Chemistry 2019; 25:14953-14958. [PMID: 31448459 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic activity, kinetics, and quantification of H-bonding ability of incompletely condensed polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) silanols are reported. POSS-triols, a homogeneous model for vicinal silica surface sites, exhibit enhanced H-bonding compared with other silanols and alcohols as quantified using a 31 P NMR probe. Evaluation of a Friedel-Crafts addition reaction shows that phenyl-POSS-triol is active as an H-bond donor catalyst whereas other POSS silanols studied are not. An in-depth kinetic study (using RPKA and VTNA) highlights the concentration-dependent H-bonding behavior of POSS-triols, which is attributed to intermolecular association forming an off-cycle dimeric species. Binding constants provide additional support for reduced H-bond ability at higher concentrations, which is attributed to competitive association. POSS-triol self-association disrupts H-bond donor abilities relevant for catalysis by reducing the concentration of active monomeric catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake R Jagannathan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kayla M Diemoz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karina Targos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Annaliese K Franz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
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14
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Xiao M, Wang Z, Lyu M, Luo B, Wang S, Liu G, Cheng HM, Wang L. Hollow Nanostructures for Photocatalysis: Advantages and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1801369. [PMID: 30125390 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis for solar-driven reactions promises a bright future in addressing energy and environmental challenges. The performance of photocatalysis is highly dependent on the design of photocatalysts, which can be rationally tailored to achieve efficient light harvesting, promoted charge separation and transport, and accelerated surface reactions. Due to its unique feature, semiconductors with hollow structure offer many advantages in photocatalyst design including improved light scattering and harvesting, reduced distance for charge migration and directed charge separation, and abundant surface reactive sites of the shells. Herein, the relationship between hollow nanostructures and their photocatalytic performance are discussed. The advantages of hollow nanostructures are summarized as: 1) enhancement in the light harvesting through light scattering and slow photon effects; 2) suppression of charge recombination by reducing charge transfer distance and directing separation of charge carriers; and 3) acceleration of the surface reactions by increasing accessible surface areas for separating the redox reactions spatially. Toward the end of the review, some insights into the key challenges and perspectives of hollow structured photocatalysts are also discussed, with a good hope to shed light on further promoting the rapid progress of this dynamic research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Xiao
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Miaoqiang Lyu
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Bin Luo
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Songcan Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Adams GM, Ryan DE, Beattie NA, McKay AI, Lloyd-Jones GC, Weller AS. Dehydropolymerization of H 3B·NMeH 2 Using a [Rh(DPEphos)] + Catalyst: The Promoting Effect of NMeH 2. ACS Catal 2019; 9:3657-3666. [PMID: 30984472 PMCID: PMC6454579 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
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[Rh(κ2-PP-DPEphos){η2η2-H2B(NMe3)(CH2)2tBu}][BArF4]
acts as an effective precatalyst
for the dehydropolymerization of H3B·NMeH2 to form N-methylpolyaminoborane (H2BNMeH)n. Control of polymer molecular weight is
achieved by variation of precatalyst loading (0.1–1 mol %,
an inverse relationship) and use of the chain-modifying agent H2: with Mn ranging between 5 500
and 34 900 g/mol and Đ between 1.5 and
1.8. H2 evolution studies (1,2-F2C6H4 solvent) reveal an induction period that gets longer
with higher precatalyst loading and complex kinetics with a noninteger
order in [Rh]TOTAL. Speciation studies at 10 mol % indicate
the initial formation of the amino–borane bridged dimer, [Rh2(κ2-PP-DPEphos)2(μ-H)(μ-H2BN=HMe)][BArF4], followed by the crystallographically
characterized amidodiboryl complex [Rh2(cis-κ2-PP-DPEphos)2(σ,μ-(H2B)2NHMe)][BArF4]. Adding
∼2 equiv of NMeH2 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution
to the precatalyst removes this induction period, pseudo-first-order
kinetics are observed, a half-order relationship to [Rh]TOTAL is revealed with regard to dehydrogenation, and polymer molecular
weights are increased (e.g., Mn = 40 000
g/mol). Speciation studies suggest that NMeH2 acts to form
the precatalysts [Rh(κ2-DPEphos)(NMeH2)2][BArF4] and [Rh(κ2-DPEphos)(H)2(NMeH2)2][BArF4], which were independently synthesized and shown to
follow very similar dehydrogenation kinetics, and produce polymers
of molecular weight comparable with [Rh(κ2-PP-DPEphos){η2-H2B(NMe3)(CH2)2tBu}][BArF4], which has been doped
with amine. This promoting effect of added amine in situ is shown
to be general in other cationic Rh-based systems, and possible mechanistic
scenarios are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma M. Adams
- Chemistry Research Laboratories, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Ryan
- Chemistry Research Laboratories, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas A. Beattie
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair I. McKay
- Chemistry Research Laboratories, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Guy C. Lloyd-Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S. Weller
- Chemistry Research Laboratories, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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16
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Influence of microwave activation on the catalytic behavior of Pd-Au/C catalysts employed in the hydrodechlorination of tetrachloromethane. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-018-1364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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17
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Nakhaei Pour A, Karimi J, Housaindokht M, Hashemian M. Structure sensitivity evaluation of catalytic CO2 hydrogenation to higher hydrocarbons by an iron catalyst. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-017-1242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Akbayrak S, Özkar S. Inverse relation between the catalytic activity and catalyst concentration for the ruthenium(0) nanoparticles supported on xonotlite nanowire in hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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20
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Smith KT, Berritt S, González-Moreiras M, Ahn S, Smith MR, Baik MH, Mindiola DJ. Catalytic borylation of methane. Science 2016; 351:1424-7. [PMID: 27013726 PMCID: PMC5609458 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad9730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite steady progress in catalytic methods for the borylation of hydrocarbons, methane has not yet been subject to this transformation. Here we report the iridium-catalyzed borylation of methane using bis(pinacolborane) in cyclohexane solvent. Initially, trace amounts of borylated products were detected with phenanthroline-coordinated Ir complexes. A combination of experimental high-pressure and high-throughput screening, and computational mechanism discovery techniques helped to rationalize the foundation of the catalysis and identify improved phosphine-coordinated catalytic complexes. Optimized conditions of 150°C and 3500-kilopascal pressure led to yields as high as ~52%, turnover numbers of 100, and improved chemoselectivity for monoborylated versus diborylated methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Simon Berritt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mariano González-Moreiras
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seihwan Ahn
- Institute for Basic Science-Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Daejeon, Korea. Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Milton R Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Institute for Basic Science-Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Daejeon, Korea. Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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21
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Maximov A, Zolotukhina A, Kulikov L, Kardasheva Y, Karakhanov E. Ruthenium catalysts based on mesoporous aromatic frameworks for the hydrogenation of arenes. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-015-0956-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Akbayrak S, Tonbul Y, Özkar S. Ceria-supported ruthenium nanoparticles as highly active and long-lived catalysts in hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of ammonia borane. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:10969-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01117a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium(0) nanoparticles supported on ceria (Ru0/CeO2) were in situ generated from the reduction of ruthenium(iii) ions impregnated on ceria during the hydrolysis of ammonia borane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Akbayrak
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Yalçın Tonbul
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
- Ziya Gökalp Faculty of Education
| | - Saim Özkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
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23
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Bayram E, Lu J, Aydin C, Browning ND, Özkar S, Finney E, Gates BC, Finke RG. Agglomerative Sintering of an Atomically Dispersed Ir1/Zeolite Y Catalyst: Compelling Evidence Against Ostwald Ripening but for Bimolecular and Autocatalytic Agglomeration Catalyst Sintering Steps. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Bayram
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Jing Lu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ceren Aydin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Nigel D. Browning
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Saim Özkar
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eric Finney
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Bruce C. Gates
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Richard G. Finke
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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