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Zhao X, Wang J, Liu D, Kong W, Zhang J. Chromium Ethylene Tri-/Tetramerization Catalysts Supported by Iminophosphine Ligands. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:34549-34556. [PMID: 37780000 PMCID: PMC10536060 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A new class of highly active ethylene tri-/tetramerization chromium catalysts supported by iminophosphine ligands has been studied. The impact of electronic and steric changes of these ligands on selectivity and activity has been investigated by varying P- and/or N-substituents. Upon activation with MMAO, the ligand bearing a P-cyclohexyl group displayed a high activity of 307 kg/(g Cr/h) with a high trimerization selectivity of 92.6%. Decreasing the steric hindrance of N-aryl group led to a decrease in 1-hexene selectivity (74.5%), producing more 1-octene (10.3%). X-ray diffraction analysis verifies that the ligands coordinate with the chromium center in a κ2-P,N mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry &
Molecular Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jihe Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry &
Molecular Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dongchang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry &
Molecular Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weihuan Kong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry &
Molecular Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry &
Molecular Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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2
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Baek JW, Ko JH, Park JH, Park JY, Lee HJ, Seo YH, Lee J, Lee BY. α-Olefin Trimerization for Lubricant Base Oils with Modified Chevron–Phillips Ethylene Trimerization Catalysts. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Won Baek
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyeong Ko
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Jun Hyeong Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Ju Yong Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Yeong Hyun Seo
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Bun Yeoul Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
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3
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Selective Trimerization of α-Olefins with Immobilized Chromium Catalyst for Lubricant Base Oils. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10090990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for poly(α-olefin)s (PAOs), which are high-performance group IV lubricant base oils, is increasingly high. PAOs are generally produced via the cationic oligomerization of 1-decene, wherein skeleton rearrangement inevitably occurs in the products. Hence, a transition-metal-based catalytic process that avoids rearrangement would be a valuable alternative for cationic oligomerization. In particular, transition-metal-catalyzed selective trimerization of α-olefins has the potential for success. In this study, (N,N′,N″-tridodecyltriazacyclohexane)CrCl3 complex was reacted with MAO-silica (MAO, methylaluminoxane) for the preparation of a supported catalyst, which exhibited superior performance in selective α-olefin trimerization compared to that of the corresponding homogeneous catalyst, enabling the preparation of α-olefin trimers at ~200 g scale. Following hydrogenation, the prepared 1-decene trimer (C30H62) exhibited better lubricant properties than those of commercial-grade PAO-4 (kinematic viscosity at 40 °C, 15.1 vs. 17.4 cSt; kinematic viscosity at 100 °C, 3.9 vs. 3.9 cSt; viscosity index, 161 vs. 123). Moreover, it was shown that 1-octene/1-dodecene mixed co-trimers (i.e., a mixture of C24H50, C28H58, C32H66, and C36H74), generated by the selective supported Cr catalyst, exhibited outstanding lubricant properties analogous to those observed for the 1-decene trimer (C30H62).
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Köhn RD, Coxon AG, Chunawat S, Heron C, Mihan S, Lyall CL, Reeksting SB, Kociok-Köhn G. Triazacyclohexane chromium triflate complexes as precursors for the catalytic selective olefin trimerisation and its investigation by mass spectrometry. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fair Look at Coordination Oligomerization of Higher α-Olefins. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051082. [PMID: 32397482 PMCID: PMC7285168 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination catalysis is a highly efficient alternative to more traditional acid catalysis in the oligomerization of α-olefins. The distinct advantage of transition metal-based catalysts is the structural homogeneity of the oligomers. Given the great diversity of the catalysts and option of varying the reaction conditions, a wide spectrum of processes can be implemented. In recent years, both methylenealkanes (vinylidene dimers of α-olefins) and structurally uniform oligomers with the desired degrees of polymerization have become available for later use in the synthesis of amphiphilic organic compounds and polymers, high-quality oils or lubricants, and other prospective materials. In the present review, we discussed the selective dimerization and oligomerization of α-olefins, catalyzed by metallocene and post-metallocene complexes, and explored the prospects for the further applications of the coordination α-olefin dimers and oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orson L. Sydora
- Research & Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, Kingwood, Texas 77339, United States
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Nifant’ev IE, Vinogradov AA, Vinogradov AA, Churakov AV, Ivchenko PV. Synthesis of zirconium(III) complex by reduction of O[SiMe2(η5-C5H4)]2ZrCl2 and its selectivity in catalytic dimerization of hex-1-ene. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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8
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Nifant’ev I, Ivchenko P, Tavtorkin A, Vinogradov A, Vinogradov A. Non-traditional Ziegler-Natta catalysis in α-olefin transformations: reaction mechanisms and product design. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis paper describes our recent results in the field of zirconocene-catalyzed α-oltfin transformations, and focuses on questions regarding the reaction mechanism, rational design of zirconocene pre-catalysts, as well as prospective uses of α-olefin products. It has been determined that a wide range of α-olefin-based products, namely vinylidene dimers, oligomers and polymers, can be prepared via catalysis by zirconocene dichlorides, activated by a minimal (10–20 eq.) amount of MAO. We assumed that in the presence of minimal quantities of MAO, various types of zirconocene catalysts form different types of catalytic particles. In the case of bis-cyclopentadienyl complexes, the reactive center is formed under the influence of R2AlCl, which makes the chain termination via β-hydride elimination significantly easier, with α-olefin dimers being formed as the primary product. Bis-indenyl complexes and their heteroanalogues, form stable cationic catalytic particles and effectively catalyze the polymerization. Mono-indenyl and mono-substituted bis-cyclopentadienyl-ansa complexes catalyze α-olefin oligomerization. Effective catalysts of dimerization, oligomerization and polymerization of α-olefins in the presence of minimal MAO quantities are proposed. Prospects of using α-olefin dimers, oligomers and polymers in the synthesis of branched hydrocarbon functional derivatives (dimers), high quality, low viscosity motor oils (oligomers), and thickeners and absorbents (polymers) are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Nifant’ev
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow University, Moscow, Russia
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Ivchenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexey Vinogradov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Steelman DK, Aluthge DC, Lehman MC, Labinger JA, Bercaw JE. Mechanistic Studies on Selective Trimerization of Linear α-Olefins over a Supported Titanium Catalyst. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Keith Steelman
- Arnold and Mabel
Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Dinesh C. Aluthge
- Arnold and Mabel
Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Matthew C. Lehman
- Arnold and Mabel
Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jay A. Labinger
- Arnold and Mabel
Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John E. Bercaw
- Arnold and Mabel
Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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10
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Simler T, Braunstein P, Danopoulos AA. Chromium(II) Pincer Complexes with Dearomatized PNP and PNC Ligands: A Comparative Study of Their Catalytic Ethylene Oligomerization Activity. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Simler
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177
CNRS) and ‡Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg CEDEX 67081, France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177
CNRS) and ‡Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg CEDEX 67081, France
| | - Andreas A. Danopoulos
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177
CNRS) and ‡Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg CEDEX 67081, France
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Luo W, Li A, Liu S, Ye H, Li Z. 2-Benzimidazol-6-pyrazol-pyridine Chromium(III) Trichlorides: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for Ethylene Oligomerization and Polymerization. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Luo
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Antai Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hongqi Ye
- Department
of Chemistry and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Li
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
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