1
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Gnyawali KP, Shakenov A, Kirinde Arachchige PT, Yi CS. Benzoquinone Ligand-Enabled Ruthenium-Catalyzed Deaminative Coupling of 2-Aminoaryl Aldehydes and Ketones with Branched Amines for Regioselective Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39058560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic system generated in situ from the cationic Ru-H complex [(C6H6)(PCy3)(CO)RuH]+BF4- (1) with 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone (L1) was found to be highly effective for promoting the deaminative coupling reaction of 2-aminoaryl aldehydes with branched amines to form 2-substituted quinoline products. The analogous deaminative coupling reaction of 2-aminoaryl ketones with branched amines led to the regioselective formation of 2,4-disubstituted quinoline products. A number of biologically active quinoline derivatives including graveolinine and a triplex DNA intercalator have been synthesized by using the catalytic method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aldiyar Shakenov
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | | | - Chae S Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
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2
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Qiao B, Lin FY, Fu D, Li SJ, Zhang T, Lan Y. Mechanistic insights into facilitating reductive elimination from Ni(II) species. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39005163 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02667e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Reductive elimination is a key step in Ni-catalysed cross-couplings, which is often considered to result in new covalent bonds. Due to the weak oxidizing ability of Ni(II) species, reductive eliminations from Ni(II) centers are challenging. A thorough mechanistic understanding of this process could inspire the rational design of Ni-catalysed coupling reactions. In this article, we give an overview of recent advances in the mechanistic study of reductive elimination from Ni(II) species achieved by our group. Three possible models for reductive elimination from Ni(II) species were investigated and discussed, including direct reductive elimination, electron density-controlled reductive elimination, and oxidation-induced reductive elimination. Notably, the direct reductive elimination from Ni(II) species often requires a high activation energy in some cases. In contrast, the electron density-controlled and oxidation-induced reductive elimination pathways can significantly enhance the driving force for reductive elimination, accelerating the formation of new covalent bonds. The intricate reaction mechanisms for each of these pathways are thoroughly discussed and systematically summarized in this paper. These computational studies showcase the characteristics of three models for reductive elimination from Ni(II) species, and we hope that it will spur the development of mechanistic studies of cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Qiao
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Fa-You Lin
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Dongmin Fu
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
- Institute of Intelligent Innovation, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451162, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry, and Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Theory and Mechanism, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
- Pingyuan Laboratory, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
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3
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Zhu Y, Yang S, Zhou T, Szostak M. [(NHC)Pd(OAc) 2]: Highly Active Carboxylate Pd(II)-NHC (NHC = N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Precatalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura and Buchwald-Hartwig Cross-Coupling of Amides by N-C(O) Activation. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38950123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
In the past eight years, the selective cross-coupling of amides by N-C(O) bond activation has emerged as a highly attractive manifold for the manipulation of traditionally unreactive amide bonds. In this Special Issue on Next-Generation Cross-Coupling Chemistry, we report the Suzuki-Miyaura and Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling of amides by selective N-C(O) cleavage catalyzed by bench-stable, well-defined carboxylate Pd(II)-NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) catalysts {[(NHC)Pd(O2CR)2]}. This class of Pd(II)-NHCs promotes cross-coupling under exceedingly mild room-temperature conditions owing to the facile dissociation of the carboxylate ligands to form the active complex. These readily accessible Pd(II)-NHC precatalysts show excellent functional group tolerance and are compatible with a broad range of amide activating groups. Considering the mild conditions for the cross-coupling and the facile access to carboxylate Pd(II)-NHC complexes, we anticipate that this class of bench-stable complexes will find wide application in the activation of amide N-C(O) and related acyl X-C(O) bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Shiyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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4
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Huang H, Alvarez-Hernandez JL, Hazari N, Mercado BQ, Uehling MR. Effect of 6,6'-Substituents on Bipyridine-Ligated Ni Catalysts for Cross-Electrophile Coupling. ACS Catal 2024; 14:6897-6914. [PMID: 38737398 PMCID: PMC11087080 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
A family of 4,4'-tBu2-2,2'-bipyridine (tBubpy) ligands with substituents in either the 6-position, 4,4'-tBu2-6-Me-bpy (tBubpyMe), or 6 and 6'-positions, 4,4'-tBu2-6,6'-R2-bpy (tBubpyR2; R = Me, iPr, sBu, Ph, or Mes), was synthesized. These ligands were used to prepare Ni complexes in the 0, I, and II oxidation states. We observed that the substituents in the 6 and 6'-positions of the tBubpy ligand impact the properties of the Ni complexes. For example, bulkier substituents in the 6,6'-positions of tBubpy better stabilized (tBubpyR2)NiICl species and resulted in cleaner reduction from (tBubpyR2)NiIICl2. However, bulkier substituents hindered or prevented coordination of tBubpyR2 ligands to Ni0(cod)2. In addition, by using complexes of the type (tBubpyMe)NiCl2 and (tBubpyR2)NiCl2 as precatalysts for different XEC reactions, we demonstrated that the 6 or 6,6' substituents lead to major differences in catalytic performance. Specifically, while (tBubpyMe)NiIICl2 is one of the most active catalysts reported to date for XEC and can facilitate XEC reactions at room temperature, lower turnover frequencies were observed for catalysts containing tBubpyR2 ligands. A detailed study on the catalytic intermediates (tBubpy)Ni(Ar)I and (tBubpyMe2)Ni(Ar)I revealed several factors that likely contributed to the differences in catalytic activity. For example, whereas complexes of the type (tBubpy)Ni(Ar)I are low spin and relatively stable, complexes of the type (tBubpyMe2)Ni(Ar)I are high-spin and less stable. Further, (tBubpyMe2)Ni(Ar)I captures primary and benzylic alkyl radicals more slowly than (tBubpy)Ni(Ar)I, consistent with the lower activity of the former in catalysis. Our findings will assist in the design of tailor-made ligands for Ni-catalyzed transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | | | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Mycah R Uehling
- Merck & Co., Inc., Discovery Chemistry, HTE and Lead Discovery Capabilities, Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA
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5
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Noda N, Yamaoka S, Ogi U, Horie M, Okano K, Mori A. A Ni 0(cod)(dq) (COD: 1,5-cycloctadiene; DQ: duroquinone) complex as a catalyst precursor for oligothiophene and polythiophene synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2574-2579. [PMID: 38482726 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00210e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed syntheses of oligothiophene and polythiophene were carried out with Ni(cod)(dq) (COD: 1,5-cycloctadiene; DQ: duroquinone) as a catalyst precursor. Studies on the ligand exchange of Ni(cod)(dq) revealed that a high temperature was necessary to replace COD and DQ with PPh3 and N-heterocyclic carbene IPr. A coupling reaction of a metalated 3-hexylthiophene with 2-chloro-3-hexylthiophene employing Ni(cod)(dq) with IPr proceeded with a remarkably reduced amount of homocoupling byproduct. Polymerization of 2-chloro-3-hexylthiophene with Ni(cod)(dq)/DPPP also resulted in the reduction of the regioregularity defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Noda
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Seiha Yamaoka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Ukyo Ogi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kentaro Okano
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Atsunori Mori
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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6
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Bulger AS, Nasrallah DJ, Tena Meza A, Garg NK. Enantioselective nickel-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck cyclizations of amide electrophiles. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2593-2600. [PMID: 38362425 PMCID: PMC10866352 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05797f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Amide cross-couplings that rely on C-N bond activation by transition metal catalysts have emerged as valuable synthetic tools. Despite numerous discoveries in this field, no catalytic asymmetric variants have been disclosed to date. Herein, we demonstrate the first such transformation, which is the Mizoroki-Heck cyclization of amide substrates using asymmetric nickel catalysis. This proof-of-concept study provides an entryway to complex enantioenriched polycyclic scaffolds and advances the field of amide C-N bond activation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Bulger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Daniel J Nasrallah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Arismel Tena Meza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA
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7
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Cai Y, Zhao Y, Tang K, Zhang H, Mo X, Chen J, Huang Y. Amide C-N bonds activation by A new variant of bifunctional N-heterocyclic carbene. Nat Commun 2024; 15:496. [PMID: 38216571 PMCID: PMC10786861 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We report an organocatalyst that combines a triazolium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) with a squaramide as a hydrogen-bonding donor (HBD), which can effectively catalyze the atroposelective ring-opening of biaryl lactams via a unique amide C-N bond cleavage mode. The free carbene species attacks the amide carbonyl, forming an axially chiral acyl-azolium intermediate. Various axially chiral biaryl amines can be accessed by this methodology with up to 99% ee and 99% yield. By using mercaptan as a catalyst turnover agent, the resulting thioester synthon can be transformed into several interesting atropisomers. Both control experiments and theoretical calculations reveal the crucial role of the hybrid NHC-HBD skeleton, which activates the amide via H-bonding and brings it spatially close to the carbene centre. This discovery illustrates the potential of the NHC-HBD chimera and demonstrates a complementary strategy for amide bond activation and manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518118, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518118, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518118, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xueling Mo
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518118, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiean Chen
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518118, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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8
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Rajamanickam KR, Lee S. Ring Opening of N-Acyl Lactams Using Nickel-Catalyzed Transamidation. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38173413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We successfully developed a nickel-catalyzed transamidation method for the ring opening of N-acyl lactams. The method involves a reaction between N-benzoylpyrrolidin-2-one derivatives and aniline derivatives, with Ni(PPh3)2Cl2 serving as the catalyst, 2,2'-bipyridine as the ligand, and manganese as the reducing agent. This reaction led to the formation of ring-opening-amidated products in good yields. Notably, the method exhibited excellent efficiency for producing the corresponding ring-opening transamidation products for various ring sizes, including four-, five-, six-, seven-, and eight-membered ring lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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9
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Yang S, Zeng H, Luo M, Zeng X. Reductive transamidation of tertiary amides with nitroarenes enabled by magnesium and chlorosilane. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9337-9340. [PMID: 37987529 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Reported here is the reductive transamidation of tertiary amides with nitroarenes promoted by main group metal magnesium and chlorosilane. The reaction uses commercially available and air-stable nitroarenes as nitrogen sources, so it can occur under transition-metal- and ligand-free conditions, thus providing a step-economic and cost-effective strategy for forming centrally important secondary amides. Several biologically interesting amide motifs are readily accessible by the Mg-promoted reductive transamidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangru Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Haohao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Meiming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xiaoming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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10
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Tong WY, Su X, Sun P, Xu S, Qu S, Wang X. Understanding the Reaction Mechanism of Ni-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Hydroalkylation of Enamines: Chemoselectivity of (Bi-oxazoline)NiH. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15404-15413. [PMID: 37853516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
This density functional theory study explores the detailed mechanism of nickel-catalyzed hydroalkylation of the C═C bond of N-Cbz-protected enamines (Cbz = benzyloxycarbonyl) with alkyl iodides to give chiral α-alkyl amines. The active catalyst (biOx)NiH, a chiral bioxazoline (biOx)-chelated Ni(I) hydride, exhibits chemoselectivity that favors single electron transfer to the alkyl iodide over C═C hydrometalation with the enamine. This generates an alkyl radical and a Ni(II) intermediate, which takes up the enamine substrate CbzNHCH═CH2CH3 via a regio- and enantioselective C═C insertion into the NiII-H bond. The resulting Ni(II) alkyl complex combines with the alkyl radical, forming a Ni(III) intermediate, from which the alkyl-alkyl reductive elimination delivers the chiral amine product. The regioselectivity arises from a combination of orbital and noncovalent interactions, both of which are induced by the Cbz group. Thus, Cbz plays an additional role in controlling regioselectivity. The enantioselectivity stems from the differing distortion energies of CbzNHCH═CH2CH3. The reductive elimination is the rate-determining step (ΔG⧧ = 18.7 kcal/mol). In addition, the calculations show a noninnocent behavior of the biOx ligand induced by the insertion of CbzNHCH═CH2CH3 into the Ni-H bond of (biOx)NiH. These computationally gained insights can have implications for developing new Ni(I)-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Tong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoxi Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Pengrui Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shaojie Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuanglin Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
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11
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Fortney VA, Murphy JK, Stancil TR, Gembicky M, Rheingold AL, Weinert CS. Exploring the Versatility of the Amidation of Aryl Acid Fluorides using the Germylamines R 3 GeNMe 2. Chem Asian J 2023:e202300788. [PMID: 37883375 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The formation of amide bonds is an important process since this linkage is an essential component in proteins, pharmaceuticals, and other medicinally and biologically significant molecules. Recently, it was demonstrated that germylamines R3 GeNR'2 were useful reagents for the conversion of acid fluorides to amides. This transformation occurs readily at room temperature and has a low activation energy. In the present study, the versatility of this amidation reaction with aryl acid fluorides is investigated. A series of thirteen acid fluorides with various substituents on the aromatic ring were reacted with the germylamine Ph3 GeNMe2 and twelve of these were converted to the corresponding amides in high yields, the exception being 1,4-benzenedicarbonyl difluoride. The germylamines Bun 3 GeNMe2 and Pri 3 GeNMe2 also could be used for this interconversion, and both of these species successfully converted 1,4-benzenedicarbonyl difluoride to the corresponding amide. In addition, the crystal structure of Ph3 GeNMe2 is reported. This represents one of only three crystallographically characterized germylamines. The synthesis and 19 F NMR characterization of three fluorogermanes R3 GeF (R=Bun , Pri , and Mes) are also reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Fortney
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74074, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0358
| | - Julia K Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74074, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0358
| | - Thad R Stancil
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74074, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0358
| | - Milan Gembicky
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74074, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0358
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74074, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0358
| | - Charles S Weinert
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74074, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0358
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12
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Gao P, Rahman MM, Zamalloa A, Feliciano J, Szostak M. Classes of Amides that Undergo Selective N-C Amide Bond Activation: The Emergence of Ground-State Destabilization. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13371-13391. [PMID: 36054817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ground-state destabilization of the N-C(O) linkage represents a powerful tool to functionalize the historically inert amide bond. This burgeoning reaction manifold relies on the availability of amide bond precursors that participate in weakening of the nN → π*C=O conjugation through N-C twisting, N pyramidalization, and nN electronic delocalization. Since 2015, acyl N-C amide bond activation through ground-state destabilization of the amide bond has been achieved by transition-metal-catalyzed oxidative addition of the N-C(O) bond, generation of acyl radicals, and transition-metal-free acyl addition. This Perspective summarizes contributions of our laboratory in the development of new ground-state-destabilized amide precursors enabled by twist and electronic activation of the amide bond and synthetic utility of ground-state-destabilized amides in cross-coupling reactions and acyl addition reactions. The use of ground-state-destabilized amides as electrophiles enables a plethora of previously unknown transformations of the amide bond, such as acyl coupling, decarbonylative coupling, radical coupling, and transition-metal-free coupling to forge new C-C, C-N, C-O, C-S, C-P, and C-B bonds. Structural studies of activated amides and catalytic systems developed in the past decade enable the view of the amide bond to change from the "traditionally inert" to "readily modifiable" functional group with a continuum of reactivity dictated by ground-state destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Alfredo Zamalloa
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jessica Feliciano
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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13
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Malyk K, Pillai VG, Brennessel WW, Leon Baxin R, Silk ES, Nakamura DT, Kennedy CR. Distinguishing Competing Mechanistic Manifolds for C(acyl)-N Functionalization by a Ni/ N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst System. JACS AU 2023; 3:2451-2457. [PMID: 37772178 PMCID: PMC10523494 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acid derivatives are appealing alternatives to organohalides as cross-coupling electrophiles for fine chemical synthesis due to their prevalence in biomass and bioactive small molecules as well as their ease of preparation and handling. Within this family, carboxamides comprise a versatile electrophile class for nickel-catalyzed coupling with carbon and heteroatom nucleophiles. However, even state-of-the-art C(acyl)-N functionalization and cross-coupling reactions typically require high catalyst loadings and specific substitution patterns. These challenges have proven difficult to overcome, in large part due to limited experimental mechanistic insight. In this work, we describe a detailed mechanistic case study of acylative coupling reactions catalyzed by the commonly employed Ni/SIPr catalyst system (SIPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidine). Stoichiometric organometallic studies, in situ spectroscopic measurements, and crossover experiments demonstrate the accessibility of Ni(0), Ni(I), and Ni(II) resting states. Although in situ precatalyst activation limits reaction efficiency, the low concentrations of active, SIPr-supported Ni(0) select for electrophile-first (closed-shell) over competing nucleophile-first (open-shell) mechanistic manifolds. We anticipate that the experimental insights into the nature and controlling features of these distinct pathways will accelerate rational improvements to cross-coupling methodologies involving pervasive carboxamide substrate motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William W. Brennessel
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Roberto Leon Baxin
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Elliot S. Silk
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Daniel T. Nakamura
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - C. Rose Kennedy
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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14
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Zhong H, Egger DT, Gasser VCM, Finkelstein P, Keim L, Seidel MZ, Trapp N, Morandi B. Skeletal metalation of lactams through a carbonyl-to-nickel-exchange logic. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5273. [PMID: 37644031 PMCID: PMC10465567 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical metalation reactions such as the metal-halogen exchange have had a transformative impact on organic synthesis owing to their broad applicability in building carbon-carbon bonds from carbon-halogen bonds. Extending the metal-halogen exchange logic to a metal-carbon exchange would enable the direct modification of carbon frameworks with new implications in retrosynthetic analysis. However, such a transformation requires the selective cleavage of highly inert chemical bonds and formation of stable intermediates amenable to further synthetic elaborations, hence its development has remained considerably challenging. Here we introduce a skeletal metalation strategy that allows lactams, a prevalent motif in bioactive molecules, to be readily converted into well-defined, synthetically useful organonickel reagents. The reaction features a selective activation of unstrained amide C-N bonds mediated by an easily prepared Ni(0) reagent, followed by CO deinsertion and dissociation under mild room temperature conditions in a formal carbonyl-to-nickel-exchange process. The underlying principles of this unique reactivity are rationalized by organometallic and computational studies. The skeletal metalation is further applied to a direct CO excision reaction and a carbon isotope exchange reaction of lactams, underscoring the broad potential of metal-carbon exchange logic in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhong
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dominic T Egger
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Loris Keim
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Merlin Z Seidel
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nils Trapp
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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15
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Zhu X, Wan K, Zhang J, Zhao H, He Y, Ma Y, Yang X, Szostak M. Esterification of Thioamides via Selective N-C(S) Cleavage under Mild Conditions. Org Lett 2023; 25:6149-6154. [PMID: 37578346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report an exceedingly mild method for the direct, transition-metal-free esterification of thioamides through the selective generation of tetrahedral intermediates. The method represents the first transition-metal-free approach to the thioamide to thionoester transformation in organic synthesis. This reactivity has been accomplished through N,N-Boc2-thioamides that engage in ground-state destabilization of the nN → π*C═S conjugation. The ground-state destabilization of "single-atom" bioisosteric thioamides will expand the arsenal of valuable amide bond functionalization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Kerou Wan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalytic Materials and Technology, Kaili Catalyst & New Materials Company, Ltf., Xi'an 710299, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yang He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yangmin Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiufang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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16
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Rinu PXT, Philip RM, Anilkumar G. Low-cost transition metal catalysed Negishi coupling: an update. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6438-6455. [PMID: 37522832 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00784g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The Negishi coupling is a significant C-C bond-forming reaction to access synthetically valuable organic compounds. In recent years, researchers have developed sustainable first-row transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) based complexes in place of the conventional Pd catalyst for this reaction. Several such low-cost metal-based catalysts showed high efficiency and potential application in natural product synthesis. This review focuses on the recent achievements in low-cost transition metal-based Negishi coupling reactions, covering reports from 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rose Mary Philip
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560 India.
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560 India.
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17
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Ni J, Xia X, Gu D, Wang Z. Ti-Catalyzed Modular Ketone Synthesis from Carboxylic Derivatives and gem-Dihaloalkanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37365677 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Ketones are ubiquitous in organic synthesis. However, the general method to convert widely available carboxylic acids, unactivated esters, and amides into ketones remains elusive. Herein, we describe the Ti-catalyzed modular ketone synthesis from carboxylic derivatives and easily accessed gem-dihaloalkanes. Notably, this protocol could achieve the direct catalytic olefination of carboxylic acids. This method features a sequence of olefination and electrophilic transformation and good functional group compatibility and allows rapid access to various functionalized ketones. Preliminary mechanistic studies provide insights into the reaction pathway and support the intermediacy of plausible alkylidene titanocene and gem-bimetallic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China; Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaowen Xia
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China; Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Danyu Gu
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhaobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China; Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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18
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Yamasaki R, Okada Y, Iizumi H, Ito A, Fukuda K, Okamoto I. Structure and Additive-free Transamidation of Planar N-Cyano Amides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:5704-5712. [PMID: 37094254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Although transamidation of amides generally requires metals, additives, or harsh conditions, we present here a facile transamidation of N-cyano amides with various amines at ambient temperature without any additive. N-cyano amides preferred the trans conformation and have a reduced double bond character revealed by crystal analysis. The DFT study indicates that the transamidation reaction proceeds through the direct attack of amine on the amide carbonyl since the LUMO (or LUMO+1) is located at the carbonyl moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Yamasaki
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yuko Okada
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiromi Iizumi
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Ai Ito
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Kazuo Fukuda
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Iwao Okamoto
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
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19
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Li X, Hu L, Ma S, Yu H, Lu G, Xu T. Divergent Rh Catalysis: Asymmetric Dearomatization Versus C–H Activation Initiated by C–C Activation. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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20
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Bai J, Li S, Zhu R, Li Y, Li W. B 2(OH) 4-Mediated Reductive Transamidation of N-Acyl Benzotriazoles with Nitro Compounds En Route to Aqueous Amide Synthesis. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3714-3723. [PMID: 36888556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
We herein developed a reductive transamidation reaction between N-acyl benzotriazoles (AcBt) and organic nitro compounds or NaNO2 under mild conditions. This protocol employed the stable and readily available B2(OH)4 as the reducing agent and H2O as the ideal solvent. N-Deuterated amides can be synthesized when conducting the reaction in D2O. A reasonable reaction mechanism involving bond metathesis between the AcBt amide and amino boric acid intermediate was proposed to explain the unique nature of AcBt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Bai
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Shangzhang Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Riqian Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Wanfang Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
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21
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Lv C, Zhao R, Wang X, Liu D, Muschin T, Sun Z, Bai C, Bao A, Bao YS. Copper-Catalyzed Transamidation of Unactivated Secondary Amides via C-H and C-N Bond Simultaneous Activations. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2140-2157. [PMID: 36701175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate that α-C-H and C-N bonds of unactivated secondary amides can be activated simultaneously by the copper catalyst to synthesize α-ketoamides or α-ketoesters in one step, which is a challenging and underdeveloped transformation. Using copper as a catalyst and air as an oxidant, the reaction is compatible with a broad range of acetoamides, amines, and alcohols. The preliminary mechanism studies and density functional theory calculation indicated that the reaction process may undergo first radical α-oxygenation and then transamidation with the help of the resonant six-membered N,O-chelation and molecular oxygen plays a role as an initiator to trigger the transamidation process. The combination of chelation assistance and dioxygen selective oxygenation strategy would substantially extend the modern mild synthetic amide cleavage toolbox, and we envision that this broadly applicable method will be of great interest in the biopharmaceutical industry, synthetic chemistry, and agrochemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lv
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Ruisheng Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Xiuying Wang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Animal Epidemic Prevention Center, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Tegshi Muschin
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Zhaorigetu Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Chaolumen Bai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Agula Bao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Bao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
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22
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Direct Synthesis of Amides through Transamidation Using Dichloroimidazolinedione (DCID). Tetrahedron Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2023.154392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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23
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Liu C, Szostak M. Amide N-C Bond Activation: A Graphical Overview of Acyl and Decarbonylative Coupling. SYNOPEN 2023; 7:88-101. [PMID: 38037650 PMCID: PMC10686541 DOI: 10.1055/a-2035-6733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This Graphical Review provides an overview of amide bond activation achieved by selective oxidative addition of the N-C(O) acyl bond to transition metals and nucleophilic acyl addition, resulting in acyl and decarbonylative coupling together with key mechanistic details pertaining to amide bond distortion underlying this reactivity manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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24
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Underwood SJ, Douglas CJ. N-Pyridylimidates as Traceless Acyl Equivalents for Directed C-O Bond Functionalization. Org Lett 2023; 25:146-151. [PMID: 36583549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Directing groups are a common strategy to target traditionally inert bonds, with an easily removable directing group being ideal. Herein we disclose our method for rhodium-catalyzed C-O bond functionalization of N-pyridylimidates using a recyclable and traceless amine directing group. In addition to the substrate scope, we discuss the behavior of this class of compounds and how that behavior affects their reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Underwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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25
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Reimann CE, Kim KE, Rand AW, Moghadam FA, Stoltz BM. What is a Cross-Coupling? An Argument for a Universal Definition. Tetrahedron 2023; 130:133176. [PMID: 36710952 PMCID: PMC9878734 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite amazing advances in cross-coupling technologies over the past several decades, there is not a consistent definition of what a cross-coupling reaction is. Often, definitions rely on comparison to "traditional" palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings pioneered in the 1970s by chemists such as Suzuki, Negishi, and Heck. While these reactions provide a basis for a cross-coupling definition, they do not define this type of transformation, originally described by Linstead almost 20 years prior. Rather than modify and compartmentalize modern transformations to categorize them into either a synthetic or mechanistic definition, we make an argument for broadening the cross-coupling definition to the union of two distinct molecular entities in a covalent-bond-forming process, to encourage discussion around exploring novel reactivity and disconnections. In addition to making a case for a universal cross-coupling definition, we cite specific examples of reactions that break the mold of prior cross-coupling definitions. We believe this perspective will stimulate dialog around what it means to be a cross-coupling and in turn inspire future developments within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly E Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
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26
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Li LJ, Zhou ZQ, Liu ZK, He YY, Jia FC, Hu XQ. Organo-cyanamides: convenient reagents for catalytic amidation of carboxylic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:438-441. [PMID: 36515146 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05826j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented DMAP-catalysed amidation of aryl and alkyl carboxylic acids with organo-cyanamides has been developed. Unlike the use of N-cyano-N-phenyl-p-methylbenzenesulfonamide (NCTS) as an electrophilic cyanating reagent, an unusual desulfonylation/decyanation reaction model has been disclosed for the first time. Remarkable features of this reaction include readily available substrates, simple operation and broad scope, enabling the efficient synthesis of structurally diverse amides. The synthetic utility of this protocol was demonstrated by the late-stage amidation of bioactive carboxylic acids and a scale-up reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Zhong-Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Zi-Kui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan He
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Feng-Cheng Jia
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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27
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Feng M, Zhang H, Maulide N. Challenges and Breakthroughs in Selective Amide Activation. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202212213. [PMID: 38504998 PMCID: PMC10947092 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202212213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to ketones and carboxylic esters, amides are classically seen as comparatively unreactive members of the carbonyl family, owing to their unique structural and electronic features. However, recent decades have seen the emergence of research programmes focused on the selective activation of amides under mild conditions. In the past four years, this area has continued to rapidly develop, with new advances coming in at a fast pace. Several novel activation strategies have been demonstrated as effective tools for selective amide activation, enabling transformations that are at once synthetically useful and mechanistically intriguing. This Minireview comprises recent advances in the field, highlighting new trends and breakthroughs in what could be called a new age of amide activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Feng
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Haoqi Zhang
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 381090ViennaAustria
- Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug DesignJosef-Holaubek-Platz 21090ViennaAustria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Straße 381090ViennaAustria
- Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug DesignJosef-Holaubek-Platz 21090ViennaAustria
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28
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Tang JT, Gan Y, Li X, Ye B. Regioselective reductive transamination of peptidic amides enabled by a dual Zr(IV)–H catalysis. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Kou M, Wei Z, Li Z, Xu B. Copper-Catalyzed Sulfinyl Cross-Coupling Reaction of Sulfinamides. Org Lett 2022; 24:8514-8519. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Kou
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ziqiang Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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30
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Afandiyeva M, Kadam AA, Wu X, Brennessel WW, Kennedy CR. Synthesis, Structure, and Hydroboration Reactivity of Anionic Nickel(0) Complexes Supported by Bidentate NHC-Pyridone Ligands. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Medina Afandiyeva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Abhishek A. Kadam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Xijue Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - William W. Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - C. Rose Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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31
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Kerackian T, Bouyssi D, Pilet G, Médebielle M, Monteiro N, Vantourout JC, Amgoune A. Nickel-Catalyzed Electro-Reductive Cross-Coupling of Aliphatic N-Acyl Imides with Alkyl Halides as a Strategy for Dialkyl Ketone Synthesis: Scope and Mechanistic Investigations. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taline Kerackian
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Didier Bouyssi
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guillaume Pilet
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (LMI, UMR 5615 du CNRS), 6 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maurice Médebielle
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nuno Monteiro
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julien C. Vantourout
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Abderrahmane Amgoune
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France
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32
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Singh S, Kandasamy J. Synthesis of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds using N‐Cbz amides as an acyl source under transition metal‐free conditions at room temperature. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Singh
- IIT BHU: Indian Institute of Technology BHU Varanasi Chemistry INDIA
| | - Jeyakumar Kandasamy
- Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Chemistry Varanasi 221005 Varanasi INDIA
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33
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Wang F, Tong Y, Zou G. Nickel-Catalyzed, Manganese-Assisted Denitrogenative Cross-Electrophile-Coupling of Benzotriazinones with Alkyl Halides for ortho-Alkylated Benzamides. Org Lett 2022; 24:5741-5745. [PMID: 35916781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed denitrogenative cross-electrophile-coupling of benzotriazinones with unactivated alkyl halides (X = Cl, Br, I) in the presence of manganese powder as a reductant has been developed. The reaction furnishes ortho-alkylated secondary benzamides in modest to good yields under mild conditions. The scope of the reaction is demonstrated with 25 examples, showing good tolerance of steric hindrance and common functional groups, thus providing an efficient protocol to ortho-alkylated benzamide derivatives without the use of preprepared organometallic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengze Wang
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tong
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zou
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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34
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Wu DP, Ou W, Huang PQ. Ir-Catalyzed Chemoselective Reductive Condensation Reactions of Tertiary Amides with Active Methylene Compounds. Org Lett 2022; 24:5366-5371. [PMID: 35849542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic reductive condensation reactions of tertiary amides with active methylene compounds leading to multifunctionalized non-N-containing products is described. The reactions proceed through sequential iridium-catalyzed hydrosilylation of the amides followed by acid-mediated condensation with the active methylene compounds. This scalable method is broad in scope and shows remarkable chemoselectivity for the amide group in the presence of several sensitive or even more reactive functionalities such as ester, cyano, nitro, silyl dienol ether, and ketone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ping Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ou
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
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35
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Kanaujiya VK, Tiwari V, Pattanaik K, Sabiah S, Kandasamy J. Synthesis of Glycouronamides by the Transamidation Approach at Room Temperature. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Varsha Tiwari
- IIT BHU: Indian Institute of Technology BHU Varanasi Chemistry INDIA
| | | | | | - Jeyakumar Kandasamy
- Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Chemistry Varanasi 221005 Varanasi INDIA
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36
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Cetin HK, Baytaroglu C. The Impact of Age on Percutaneous Thrombectomy Outcomes in the Management of Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis. HASEKI TIP BÜLTENI 2022. [DOI: 10.4274/haseki.galenos.2022.8233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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37
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Shimazumi R, Tanimoto R, Kodama T, Tobisu M. Palladium-Catalyzed Unimolecular Fragment Coupling of N-Allylamides via Elimination of Isocyanate. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11033-11043. [PMID: 35695391 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed unimolecular fragment coupling (UFC) is defined as processes that forge new chemical bonds through the extrusion of molecules, such as CO and CO2, and the subsequent recombination of the remaining fragments. Herein, we report on a new UFC reaction that involves the palladium-catalyzed elimination of an isocyanate fragment from an amide, with the formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. An organometallic intermediate that is relevant to the catalytic reaction was characterized by X-ray crystallography. This UFC reaction enables the late-stage transformation of an amide functionality, allowing amides to be used as a convertible directing or protecting group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Shimazumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Riku Tanimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Kodama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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38
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Ping Y, Li X, Pan Q, Kong W. Ni-Catalyzed Divergent Synthesis of 2-Benzazepine Derivatives via Tunable Cyclization and 1,4-Acyl Transfer Triggered by Amide N-C Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201574. [PMID: 35385598 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-directed divergent synthesis can transform common starting materials into distinct molecular scaffolds by simple tuning different ligands. This strategy enables the rapid construction of structurally rich collection of small molecules for biological evaluation and reveals novel modes of catalytic transformation, representing one of the most sought-after challenges in synthetic chemistry. We herein report a Ni-catalyzed ligand-controlled tunable cyclization/cross-couplings for the divergent synthesis of pharmacologically important 2-benzazepine frameworks. The bidentate ligand facilitates the nucleophilic addition of the aryl halides to the amide carbonyl, followed by 1,4-acyl transfer and cross-coupling to obtain 2-benzazepin-5-ones and benzo[c]pyrano[2,3-e]azepines. The tridentate ligand promotes the selective 7-endo cyclization/cross-coupling to access to 2-benzazepin-3-ones. The protocol operates under mild reaction conditions with divergent cyclization patterns that can be easily modulated through the ligand backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ping
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qi Pan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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39
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Electrophile-Dependent Reactivity of Lithiated N-Benzylpyrene-1-Carboxamide. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123930. [PMID: 35745055 PMCID: PMC9227622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the lithiation of N-benzylpyrene-1-carboxamide with RLi-TMEDA. We found that the reaction outcome strongly depends on the electrophile used in the quenching step. The electrophile can be introduced at either the benzylic position or at the C-2 position in the pyrene nucleus. Furthermore, when H+ was used as the quencher, the product of the intramolecular carbolithiation of the pyrene K-region was formed. Dehydrogenation of the obtained compound with DDQ allowed the synthesis of a novel nitrogen polycyclic compound with an aza-benzo[c,d]pyrene (azaolympicene) skeleton. Attempts to extend the reaction scope to the amides substituted in the phenyl ring 8a and 8b gave an unexpected result. The reaction of both compounds with BuLi gave 1-valerylpyrene (9) in good yield. Photophysical properties, including absorption spectra, emission spectra and quantum yields of the emission of selected products, were studied and discussed.
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40
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Zuo D, Wang Q, Liu L, Huang T, Szostak M, Chen T. Highly Chemoselective Transamidation of Unactivated Tertiary Amides by Electrophilic N-C(O) Activation by Amide-to-Acyl Iodide Re-routing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202794. [PMID: 35355386 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The challenging transamidation of unactivated tertiary amides has been accomplished via cooperative acid/iodide catalysis. Most crucially, the method provides a novel manifold to re-route the reactivity of unactivated N,N-dialkyl amides through reactive acyl iodide intermediates, thus reverting the classical order of reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives. This method provides a direct route to amide-to-amide bond interconversion with excellent chemoselectivity using equivalent amounts of amines. The combination of acid and iodide has been identified as the essential factor to activate the amide C-N bond through electrophilic catalytic activation, enabling the production of new desired transamidated products with wide substrate scope of both unactivated amides and amines, including late-stage functionalization of complex APIs (>80 examples). We anticipate that this powerful activation mode of unactivated amide bonds will find broad-ranging applications in chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Zuo
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Qun Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Long Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Tianzeng Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Tieqiao Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
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41
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Hattori H, Ogiwara Y, Sakai N. Formation, Characterization, and Reactivity of Acyl Palladium Complexes in Pd(OAc) 2/PCy 3-Catalyzed Transformation of Acyl Fluorides. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hattori
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yohei Ogiwara
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Norio Sakai
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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42
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Wang WT, Zhang S, Tao LF, Pan ZQ, Qian L, Liao JY. Cooperative catalysis-enabled C-N bond cleavage of biaryl lactams with activated isocyanides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6292-6295. [PMID: 35531758 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01625g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic reaction of biaryl lactams with activated isocyanides is reported for the first time. By employing a cooperative catalytic system, oxazole-containing axially chiral biaryl anilines were obtained in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities. The key to the success lies in the atroposelective amide C-N bond cleavage with activated isocyanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Sen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Ling-Fei Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Zi-Qi Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Linghui Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jia-Yu Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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43
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Ping Y, Li X, Pan Q, Kong W. Ni‐Catalyzed Divergent Synthesis of 2‐Benzazepine Derivatives via Tunable Cyclization and 1,4‐Acyl Transfer Triggered by Amide N‐C Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ping
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Qi Pan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
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44
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Zhang J, Zhao H, Li G, Zhu X, Shang L, He Y, Liu X, Ma Y, Szostak M. Transamidation of thioamides with nucleophilic amines: thioamide N-C(S) activation by ground-state-destabilization. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5981-5988. [PMID: 35441645 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00412g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Thioamides are 'single-atom' isosteres of amide bonds that have found broad applications in organic synthesis, biochemistry and drug discovery. In this New Talent themed issue, we present a general strategy for activation of N-C(S) thioamide bonds by ground-state-destabilization. This concept is outlined in the context of a full study on transamidation of thioamides with nucleophilic amines, and relies on (1) site-selective N-activation of the thioamide bond to decrease resonance and (2) highly chemoselective nucleophilic acyl addition to the thioamide CS bond. The follow-up collapse of the tetrahedral intermediate is favored by the electronic properties of the amine leaving group. The ground-state-destabilization concept of thioamides enables weakening of the N-C(S) bond and rationally modifies the properties of valuable thioamide isosteres for the development of new methods in organic synthesis. We fully expect that in analogy to the burgeoning field of destabilized amides introduced by our group in 2015, the thioamide bond ground-state-destabilization activation concept will find broad applications in various facets of chemical science, including metal-free, metal-catalyzed and metal-promoted reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Guangchen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Xinhao Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Linqin Shang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Yang He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Yangmin Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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45
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Dorval C, Stetsiuk O, Gaillard S, Dubois E, Gosmini C, Danoun G. Cobalt Bromide-Catalyzed Negishi-Type Cross-Coupling of Amides. Org Lett 2022; 24:2778-2782. [PMID: 35380446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a novel Negishi-type cross-coupling of amides employing only cobalt bromide salt as the catalyst. This original reaction is highly tolerant to various glutarimide amides as well as organozinc coupling partners. These conditions also allow the performance of the cross-coupling reaction in an eco-compatible solvent such as ethyl acetate on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Dorval
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Oleh Stetsiuk
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Sylvaine Gaillard
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Elodie Dubois
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Corinne Gosmini
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Grégory Danoun
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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46
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Singh S, Sureshbabu P, Sabiah S, Kandasamy J. Synthesis of N‐Aryl α–Ketoamides, α–Ketoesters, α–Ketothioesters and Their Applications in Quinoxalinone Preparation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Singh
- IIT BHU: Indian Institute of Technology BHU Varanasi Chemistry INDIA
| | - Popuri Sureshbabu
- IIT BHU: Indian Institute of Technology BHU Varanasi Chemistry INDIA
| | | | - Jeyakumar Kandasamy
- Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Chemistry Varanasi 221005 Varanasi INDIA
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47
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Zuo D, Wang Q, Liu L, Huang T, Szostak M, Chen T. Highly Chemoselective Transamidation of Unactivated Tertiary Amides by Electrophilic N–C(O) Activation via Amide‐to‐Acyl Iodide Re‐Routing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Zuo
- Hainan University College of Chemical Engineering and Technology CHINA
| | - Qun Wang
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Long Liu
- Hainan University College of Chemical Engineering and Technology CHINA
| | - Tianzeng Huang
- Hainan University College of Chemical Engineering and Technology CHINA
| | - Michal Szostak
- Rutgers University Newark Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Tieqiao Chen
- Hainan University College of Chemical Engineering and Technology No. 58, Renmin Avenue, Meilan District 570228 Haikou CHINA
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48
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Sureshbabu P, Azeez S, Pattanaik K, Sabiah S, Kandasamy J. Synthesis of N‐Cbz Amides and Their Applications in the Transamidation Reactions at Room Temperature. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Popuri Sureshbabu
- IIT BHU: Indian Institute of Technology BHU Varanasi Chemistry Department of Chemistry, IIT BHU, VaranaVaranasi 221005 Varanasi INDIA
| | - Sadaf Azeez
- IIT BHU: Indian Institute of Technology BHU Varanasi Chemistry INDIA
| | | | | | - Jeyakumar Kandasamy
- Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Chemistry Varanasi 221005 Varanasi INDIA
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49
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He Y, Wang Y, Li SJ, Lan Y, Wang X. Deoxygenative Cross-Coupling of Aromatic Amides with Polyfluoroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115497. [PMID: 35014163 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Considering the ubiquitous nature and ready synthesis of amides, and the great significance of organofluorine-containing species, the cross-coupling of amides and polyfluoroarenes, leading to new carbon-carbon bond-forming methodologies, would find useful applications in synthesis, late-stage functionalization, and rapid generation of molecular diversity. Herein, we present a novel synthesis of α-polyfluoroaryl amines via Sm/SmI2 -mediated deoxygenative cross-coupling of aromatic amides with polyfluoroarenes through direct C-H functionalization. The structural and functional diversity of these readily available precursors provides a versatile and flexible strategy for the streamlined synthesis of α-polyfluoroaryl amines. Combining experimental and theoretical studies, a novel plausible mechanism of the α-aminocarbene-mediated C-H insertion has been revealed, which may stimulate future work for the development of novel methods in amine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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50
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Pandey AK. Emerging Nickel Catalysis in Ketones Synthesis Using Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Pandey
- IICT CSIR: Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Fluoro-Agrochemicals Uppal RoadTarnaka 500007 Hyderbada INDIA
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