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Brotons-Rufes A, Bahri-Laleh N, Poater A. H-Bonding leading to latent initiators for olefin metathesis polymerization. Faraday Discuss 2023; 244:252-268. [PMID: 37186245 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00163b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium-NHC based catalysts, with a chelated iminium ligand trans to the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand, that polymerize dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) at different temperatures are monitored using Density Functional Theory calculations to unveil the reaction mechanism, and subsequently how important are the geometrical and electronic features vs. the non-covalent interactions in between. The balance is very fragile and H-bonds are fundamental to explain the different behaviour of latent catalysts. This computational study aims to facilitate future studies of new generations of latent initiators for olefin metathesis polymerization, with the 3D and mainly the 2D Non-Covalent Interaction plots the characterization tool for H-bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Brotons-Rufes
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Naeimeh Bahri-Laleh
- Polymerization Engineering Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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2
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Kinugawa T, Matsuo T. Reactivity regulation for olefin metathesis-catalyzing ruthenium complexes with sulfur atoms at the terminal of 2-alkoxybenzylidene ligands. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37368438 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01471a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
For regulating the olefin metathesis (OM) activity of the Hoveyda-Grubbs second-generation complex (HG-II), the structural modification of the benzylidene ligand is a useful strategy. This paper reports the effect of a chalcogen atom placed at the end of the benzylidene group on the catalytic properties of HG-II derivatives, using complexes with a thioether or ether component in the benzylidene ligand (ortho-Me-E-(CH2)2O-styrene; E = S, O). Nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray crystallographic analyses of the complex with a thioether moiety (E = S) proved the (O,S)-bidentate and trans-dichlorido coordination for the complex. A stoichiometric ligand exchange between HG-II and the benzylidene ligand (E = S) produced the corresponding complex with an 86% yield, confirming higher stability of the complex (E = S) than that of HG-II. Despite the bidentate chelation, the complex (E = S) exhibited OM catalytic activity, indicating the exchangeability of the S-chelating ligand with an olefinic substrate. The green solution color, a characteristic of HG-II derivatives, was retained after the complex (E = S)-mediated OM reactions, indicating high catalyst durability. Conversely, the complex (E = O) rapidly initiated OM reactions; however, it showed low catalyst durability. In the OM reactions conducted in the presence of methanol, the complex (E = S) exhibited higher yields than the complex (E = O) and HG-II: the S-coordination increased the catalyst tolerance to methanol. A coordinative atom (such as sulfur) placed at the terminal of the benzylidene ligand can precisely regulate the reactivity of HG-II derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Kinugawa
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
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3
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Musso JV, Gebel P, Gramm V, Frey W, Buchmeiser MR. Tungsten Oxo and Tungsten Imido Alkylidene N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes for the Visible-Light-Induced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Dicyclopentadiene. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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4
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Vasilyev KA, Antonova AS, Volchkov NS, Logvinenko NA, Nikitina EV, Grigoriev MS, Novikov AP, Kouznetsov VV, Polyanskii KB, Zubkov FI. Influence of Substituents in a Six-Membered Chelate Ring of HG-Type Complexes Containing an N→Ru Bond on Their Stability and Catalytic Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031188. [PMID: 36770854 PMCID: PMC9921640 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient approach to the synthesis of olefin metathesis HG-type catalysts containing an N→Ru bond in a six-membered chelate ring was proposed. For the most part, these ruthenium chelates can be prepared easily and in high yields based on the interaction between 2-vinylbenzylamines and Ind II (the common precursor for Ru-complex synthesis). It was demonstrated that the increase of the steric volume of substituents attached to the nitrogen atom and in the α-position of the benzylidene fragment leads to a dramatic decrease in the stability of the target ruthenium complexes. The bulkiest iPr substituent bonded to the nitrogen atom or to the α-position does not allow the closing of the chelate cycle. N,N-Diethyl-1-(2-vinylphenyl)propan-1-amine is a limiting case; its interaction with Ind II makes it possible to isolate the corresponding ruthenium chelate in a low yield (5%). Catalytic activity of the synthesized complexes was tested in RCM reactions and compared with α-unsubstituted catalysts obtained previously. The structural peculiarities of the final ruthenium complexes were thoroughly investigated using XRD and NMR analysis, which allowed making a reliable correlation between the structure of the complexes and their catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A. Vasilyev
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexandra S. Antonova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Nikita S. Volchkov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Nikita A. Logvinenko
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Eugeniya V. Nikitina
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Mikhail S. Grigoriev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, bld. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Anton P. Novikov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, bld. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Kouznetsov
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Cl. 9 # Cra 27, Bucaramanga 680006, Colombia
| | - Kirill B. Polyanskii
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
- Correspondence: (K.B.P.); (F.I.Z.)
| | - Fedor I. Zubkov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
- Correspondence: (K.B.P.); (F.I.Z.)
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5
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Leguizamon SC, Monk NT, Hochrein MT, Zapien EM, Yoon A, Foster JC, Appelhans LN. Photoinitiated Olefin Metathesis and Stereolithographic Printing of Polydicyclopentadiene. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas T. Monk
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | | | | | - Alana Yoon
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Foster
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Leah N. Appelhans
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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6
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Ali R, Ahmed W, Jayant V, alvi S, Ahmed N, Ahmed A. Metathesis reactions in total‐ and natural product fragments syntheses. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Ali
- Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India 110025 Department of Chemistry Jamia Nagar,New Delhi india110025 110025 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- Jamia Millia Islamia Central University: Jamia Millia Islamia Chemistry INDIA
| | - Vikrant Jayant
- Jamia Millia Islamia Central University: Jamia Millia Islamia Chemistry INDIA
| | - shakeel alvi
- Jamia Millia Islamia Central University: Jamia Millia Islamia Chemistry INDIA
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- Jamia Millia Islamia Central University: Jamia Millia Islamia Chemistry INDIA
| | - Azeem Ahmed
- Jamia Millia Islamia Central University: Jamia Millia Islamia Chemistry INDIA
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7
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Sivanesan D, Seo B, Lim CS, Kim H, Kim HG. Intramolecular Hydrogen-Bond-Based Latent Initiator for Olefin Metathesis Polymerization. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dharmalingam Sivanesan
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center, Advanced Convergent Chemistry Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 45 Jonggaro, Ulsan 44412, Korea
| | - BongKuk Seo
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center, Advanced Convergent Chemistry Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 45 Jonggaro, Ulsan 44412, Korea
| | - Choong-Sun Lim
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center, Advanced Convergent Chemistry Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 45 Jonggaro, Ulsan 44412, Korea
| | - HyeJin Kim
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center, Advanced Convergent Chemistry Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 45 Jonggaro, Ulsan 44412, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gook Kim
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center, Advanced Convergent Chemistry Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 45 Jonggaro, Ulsan 44412, Korea
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8
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Momin M, Musso JV, Frey W, Buchmeiser MR. Tuning the Latent Behavior of Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes in Dicyclopentadiene Polymerization. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research (DITF) Denkendorf, Körschtalstraße 26, D-73770 Denkendorf, Germany
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9
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Self-assembled nanostructures from amphiphilic block copolymers prepared via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Olszewski TK, Bieniek M, Skowerski K. Ruthenium-Based Complexes Bearing Quaternary Ammonium Tags as Versatile Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis: From the Discovery to Practical Applications. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz K. Olszewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 29, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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11
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Sivanesan D, Seo B, Lim CS, Choi D, Kim T, Kim HG. An additional potential donor-bearing alkylidene-containing latent NHC–ruthenium-based catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01952a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of an additional donor, by tethering substituted pyridine, in the alkylidene ligand of a NHC-based ruthenium complex initiates latent olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmalingam Sivanesan
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center
- Advanced Convergent Chemistry Division
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Ulsan
- 44412 Korea
| | - Bongkuk Seo
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center
- Advanced Convergent Chemistry Division
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Ulsan
- 44412 Korea
| | - Choong-Sun Lim
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center
- Advanced Convergent Chemistry Division
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Ulsan
- 44412 Korea
| | - Dongchen Choi
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center
- Advanced Convergent Chemistry Division
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Ulsan
- 44412 Korea
| | - Taehee Kim
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center
- Advanced Convergent Chemistry Division
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Ulsan
- 44412 Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gook Kim
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center
- Advanced Convergent Chemistry Division
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Ulsan
- 44412 Korea
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12
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Flid VR, Gringolts ML, Shamsiev RS, Finkelshtein ES. Norbornene, norbornadiene and their derivatives: promising semi-products for organic synthesis and production of polymeric materials. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The methods for synthesis of promising norbornene monomers from norbornadiene and quadricyclane are summarized. A strategy for their synthesis is discussed, combining theoretical and experimental approaches to the selection of catalysts and the conditions for carrying out stereoselective reactions. The mechanisms of catalytic reactions of synthesis of norbornene monomers, as well as the progress in the macromolecular design of functional polymeric materials based on them, are considered. The data on industrial processes of production of polynorbornenes and areas of their use are presented.
The bibliography includes 297 references.
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13
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2017. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Sytniczuk A, Dąbrowski M, Banach Ł, Urban M, Czarnocka-Śniadała S, Milewski M, Kajetanowicz A, Grela K. At Long Last: Olefin Metathesis Macrocyclization at High Concentration. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8895-8901. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Sytniczuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Banach
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Urban
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Czarnocka-Śniadała
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Milewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kajetanowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Grela
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Luo SX, Engle KM, Dong X, Hejl A, Takase MK, Henling LM, Liu P, Houk KN, Grubbs RH. An Initiation Kinetics Prediction Model Enables Rational Design of Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Bearing Modified Chelating Benzylidenes. ACS Catal 2018; 8:4600-4611. [PMID: 32528741 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rational design of second-generation ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts with desired initiation rates can be enabled by a computational model that depends on a single thermodynamic parameter. Using a computational model with no assumption about the specific initiation mechanism, the initiation kinetics of a spectrum of second-generation ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts bearing modified chelating ortho-alkoxy benzylidenes were predicted in this work. Experimental tests of the validity of the computational model were achieved by the synthesis of a series of ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts and investigation of initiation rates by UV/Vis kinetics, NMR spectroscopy, and structural characterization by X-ray crystallography. Included in this series of catalysts were thirteen catalysts bearing alkoxy groups with varied steric bulk on the chelating benzylidene, ranging from ethoxy to dicyclohexylmethoxy groups. The experimentally observed initiation kinetics of the synthesized catalysts were in good accordance with computational predictions. Notably, the fast initiation rate of the dicyclohexylmethoxy catalyst was successfully predicted by the model, and this complex is believed to be among the fastest initiating Hoveyda-Grubbs-type catalysts reported to date. The compatibility of the predictive model with other catalyst families, including those bearing alternative NHC ligands or disubstituted alkoxy benzylidenes, was also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Xiong Luo
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Keary M. Engle
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Xiaofei Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Andrew Hejl
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Michael K. Takase
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lawrence M. Henling
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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16
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Gawin A, Pump E, Slugovc C, Kajetanowicz A, Grela K. Ruthenium Amide Complexes – Synthesis and Catalytic Activity in Olefin Metathesis and in Ring‐Opening Polymerisation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gawin
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury Street 101 02‐089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Eva Pump
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology Graz University of Technolgy Stremayrgasse 9 801‐0 Graz Austria
| | - Christian Slugovc
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology Graz University of Technolgy Stremayrgasse 9 801‐0 Graz Austria
| | - Anna Kajetanowicz
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury Street 101 02‐089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Karol Grela
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury Street 101 02‐089 Warsaw Poland
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17
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Tracz A, Gawin A, Bieniek M, Olszewski TK, Skowerski K. Ammonium NHC-tagged olefin metathesis catalysts – influence of counter-ions on catalytic activity. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00614h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium-based catalysts bearing quaternary ammonium groups in their N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) fragments and different counter-ions were synthesised and tested in various olefin metathesis transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Gawin
- Apeiron Synthesis SA
- 54-427 Wroclaw
- Poland
| | | | - Tomasz K. Olszewski
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Chemistry
- 50-370 Wroclaw
- Poland
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