1
|
Houszka N, Mikula H, Svatunek D. Substituent Effects in Bioorthogonal Diels-Alder Reactions of 1,2,4,5-Tetrazines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300345. [PMID: 36853623 PMCID: PMC10946812 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
1,2,4,5-Tetrazines are increasingly used as reactants in bioorthogonal chemistry due to their high reactivity in Diels-Alder reactions with various dienophiles. Substituents in the 3- and 6-positions of the tetrazine scaffold are known to have a significant impact on the rate of cycloadditions; this is commonly explained on the basis of frontier molecular orbital theory. In contrast, we show that reactivity differences between commonly used classes of tetrazines are not controlled by frontier molecular orbital interactions. In particular, we demonstrate that mono-substituted tetrazines show high reactivity due to decreased Pauli repulsion, which leads to a more asynchronous approach associated with reduced distortion energy. This follows the recent Vermeeren-Hamlin-Bickelhaupt model of reactivity increase in asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions. In addition, we reveal that ethylene is not a good model compound for other alkenes in Diels-Alder reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Houszka
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sangthong W, Sirijaraensre J. Understanding the effect of the divalent cations (Ni, Cu, and Zn) exchanged FAU zeolite on the kinetic of CO 2 cycloaddition with ethylene oxide: A DFT study. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 117:108321. [PMID: 36088768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Epoxide ring opening and cycloaddition with CO2 is one of the promising routes to convert CO2 to more valuable industrial chemicals. In this work, density functional theory calculations with the M06-L/6-31G(d,p) level of theory have been employed to study the cycloaddition of ethylene oxide (EO) with CO2 over M(II)-faujasite zeolite (M = Ni, Cu, and Zn) in the absence of a co-catalyst. The influence of the exchanged metals strongly dominates the adsorption of EO. The binding energies of EO on the active site are -39.9 (Ni-FAU), -24.2 (Cu-FAU), and -35.0 (Zn-FAU) kcal/mol, respectively. The reaction mechanism is proposed to occur via the concerted mechanism, in which the metals initiate the EO ring opening and the formation of two new C-O bonds between the adsorbed EO and CO2 proceed in a single step. The activation energy of the reaction catalyzed by Cu-FAU is 24.2 kcal/mol whereas that of Ni and Zn-FAU is found to be 31.1 and 31.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Moderate adsorption of EO and a larger electron transfer at the transition state are the important keys that reduce the activation energy for the Cu-FAU lower than in the other systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winyoo Sangthong
- Research Network of NANOTEC-KU on NanoCatalysts and NanoMaterials for Sustainable Energy and Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food, and Agricultural Industries, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Jakkapan Sirijaraensre
- Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food, and Agricultural Industries, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo Y, Kuo MJ, Ye M, Lobo R, Ierapetritou M. Comparison of 4,4′-Dimethylbiphenyl from Biomass-Derived Furfural and Oil-Based Resource: Technoeconomic Analysis and Life-Cycle Assessment. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Luo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Mi Jen Kuo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Mingchun Ye
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Raul Lobo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Marianthi Ierapetritou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Coumans FJ, Demiroz E, Kosinov N, Hensen E. Amorphous silica‐alumina as suitable catalyst for the Diels‐Alder cycloaddition of 2,5‐dimethylfuran and ethylene to biobased p‐xylene. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdy J.A.G. Coumans
- Eindhoven University of Technology: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Chemical Engineering and Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Ezgi Demiroz
- Eindhoven University of Technology: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Chemical Engineering and Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Nikolay Kosinov
- Eindhoven University of Technology: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Chemical Engineering and Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Emiel Hensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Schuit Institute of Catalysis PO Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven NETHERLANDS
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cioc RC, Crockatt M, van der Waal JC, Bruijnincx PCA. The Interplay between Kinetics and Thermodynamics in Furan Diels-Alder Chemistry for Sustainable Chemicals Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114720. [PMID: 35014138 PMCID: PMC9304315 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biomass‐derived furanic platform molecules have emerged as promising building blocks for renewable chemicals and functional materials. To this aim, the Diels–Alder (DA) cycloaddition stands out as a versatile strategy to convert these renewable resources in highly atom‐efficient ways. Despite nearly a century worth of examples of furan DA chemistry, clear structure–reactivity–stability relationships are still to be established. Detailed understanding of the intricate interplay between kinetics and thermodynamics in these very particular [4+2] cycloadditions is essential to push further development and truly expand the scope beyond the ubiquitous addend combinations of electron‐rich furans and electron‐deficient olefins. Herein, we provide pertinent examples of DA chemistry, taken from various fields, to highlight trends, establish correlations and answer open questions in the field with the aim to support future efforts in the sustainable chemicals and materials production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Răzvan C Cioc
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Crockatt
- Department of Sustainable Process and Energy Systems, TNO, Leeghwaterstraat 44, 2628, CA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C van der Waal
- Department of Sustainable Process and Energy Systems, TNO, Leeghwaterstraat 44, 2628, CA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C A Bruijnincx
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
BF3–Catalyzed Diels–Alder Reaction between Butadiene and Methyl Acrylate in Aqueous Solution—An URVA and Local Vibrational Mode Study. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12040415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigate the Diels–Alder reaction between methyl acrylate and butadiene, which is catalyzed by BF3 Lewis acid in explicit water solution, using URVA and Local Mode Analysis as major tools complemented with NBO, electron density and ring puckering analyses. We considered four different starting orientations of methyl acrylate and butadiene, which led to 16 DA reactions in total. In order to isolate the catalytic effects of the BF3 catalyst and those of the water environment and exploring how these effects are synchronized, we systematically compared the non-catalyzed reaction in gas phase and aqueous solution with the catalyzed reaction in gas phase and aqueous solution. Gas phase studies were performed at the B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p) level of theory and studies in aqueous solution were performed utilizing a QM/MM approach at the B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p)/AMBER level of theory. The URVA results revealed reaction path curvature profiles with an overall similar pattern for all 16 reactions showing the same sequence of CC single bond formation for all of them. In contrast to the parent DA reaction with symmetric substrates causing a synchronous bond formation process, here, first the new CC single bond on the CH2 side of methyl acrylate is formed followed by the CC bond at the ester side. As for the parent DA reaction, both bond formation events occur after the TS, i.e., they do not contribute to the energy barrier. What determines the barrier is the preparation process for CC bond formation, including the approach diene and dienophile, CC bond length changes and, in particular, rehybridization of the carbon atoms involved in the formation of the cyclohexene ring. This process is modified by both the BF3 catalyst and the water environment, where both work in a hand-in-hand fashion leading to the lowest energy barrier of 9.06 kcal/mol found for the catalyzed reaction R1 in aqueous solution compared to the highest energy barrier of 20.68 kcal/mol found for the non-catalyzed reaction R1 in the gas phase. The major effect of the BF3 catalyst is the increased mutual polarization and the increased charge transfer between methyl acrylate and butadiene, facilitating the approach of diene and dienophile and the pyramidalization of the CC atoms involved in the ring formation, which leads to a lowering of the activation energy. The catalytic effect of water solution is threefold. The polar environment leads also to increased polarization and charge transfer between the reacting species, similar as in the case of the BF3 catalyst, although to a smaller extend. More important is the formation of hydrogen bonds with the reaction complex, which are stronger for the TS than for the reactant, thus stabilizing the TS which leads to a further reduction of the activation energy. As shown by the ring puckering analysis, the third effect of water is space confinement of the reacting partners, conserving the boat form of the six-member ring from the entrance to the exit reaction channel. In summary, URVA combined with LMA has led to a clearer picture on how both BF3 catalyst and aqueous environment in a synchronized effort lower the reaction barrier. These new insights will serve to further fine-tune the DA reaction of methyl acrylate and butadiene and DA reactions in general.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chellegui M, Champagne B, Trabelsi M. Lewis acid-catalyzed Diels–Alder cycloaddition of 2,5-dimethylfuran and ethylene: a density functional theory investigation. Theor Chem Acc 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-022-02880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
8
|
Kolganov AA, Gabrienko AA, Chernyshov IY, Stepanov AG, Pidko EA. Property-activity relations of multifunctional reactive ensembles in cation-exchanged zeolites: a case study of methane activation on Zn 2+-modified zeolite BEA. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6492-6504. [PMID: 35254352 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05854a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity theories and characterization studies for metal-containing zeolites are often focused on probing the metal sites. We present a detailed computational study of the reactivity of Zn-modified BEA zeolite towards C-H bond activation of the methane molecule as a model system that highlights the importance of representing the active site as the whole reactive ensemble integrating the extra-framework ZnEF2+ cations, framework oxygens (OF2-), and the confined space of the zeolite pores. We demonstrate that for our model system the relationship between the Lewis acidity, defined by the probe molecule adsorption energy, and the activation energy for methane C-H bond cleavage performs with a determination coefficient R2 = 0.55. This suggests that the acid properties of the localized extra-framework cations can be used only for a rough assessment of the reactivity of the cations in the metal-containing zeolites. In turn, studying the relationship between the activation energy and pyrrole adsorption energy revealed a correlation, with R2 = 0.80. This observation was accounted for by the similarity between the local geometries of the pyrrole adsorption complexes and the transition states for methane C-H bond cleavage. The inclusion of a simple descriptor for zeolite local confinement allows transferability of the obtained property-activity relations to other zeolite topologies. Our results demonstrate that the representation of the metal cationic species as a synergistically cooperating active site ensembles allows reliable detection of the relationship between the acid properties and reactivity of the metal cation in zeolite materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Kolganov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akademika Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Anton A Gabrienko
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akademika Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ivan Yu Chernyshov
- TheoMAT Group, ChemBio Cluster, ITMO University, Lomonosova Street 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
| | - Alexander G Stepanov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akademika Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Pidko
- Inorganic Systems Engineering group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands. .,TsyfroCatLab Group, University of Tyumen, Volodarskogo St. 6, Tyumen 625003, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cioc R, Crockatt M, Van der Waal JC, Bruijnincx P. The Interplay between Kinetics and Thermodynamics in Furan Diels‐Alder Chemistry for Sustainable Chemicals Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Cioc
- Utrecht University: Universiteit Utrecht Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Marc Crockatt
- TNO Sustainable Process and Energy Systems NETHERLANDS
| | | | - Pieter Bruijnincx
- Utrecht University Chemistry Universiteitsweg99Netherlands 3584 CG Utrecht NETHERLANDS
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu D, Zhang S, Hernández WY, Baaziz W, Ersen O, Marinova M, Khodakov AY, Ordomsky VV. Dual Metal–Acid Pd-Br Catalyst for Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-Dimethylfuran at Ambient Temperature. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Eco-Efficient Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L), UMI 3464 CNRS-Solvay, Shanghai 201108, People’s Republic of China,
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université d’Artois, UMR 8181−UCCS−Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France,
| | - Songwei Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Willinton Y. Hernández
- Eco-Efficient Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L), UMI 3464 CNRS-Solvay, Shanghai 201108, People’s Republic of China,
| | - Walid Baaziz
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS)−UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Ovidiu Ersen
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS)−UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Maya Marinova
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université d’Artois, FR 2638−IMEC−Institut Michel-Eugène Chevreul, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Andrei Y. Khodakov
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université d’Artois, UMR 8181−UCCS−Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France,
| | - Vitaly V. Ordomsky
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université d’Artois, UMR 8181−UCCS−Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rohling R, Tranca IC, Hensen EJM, Pidko EA. Correlations between Density-Based Bond Orders and Orbital-Based Bond Energies for Chemical Bonding Analysis. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:2843-2854. [PMID: 30842801 PMCID: PMC6394209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b08934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemistry-based codes and methods provide valuable computational tools to estimate reaction energetics and elucidate reaction mechanisms. Electronic structure methods allow directly studying the chemical transformations in molecular systems involving breaking and making of chemical bonds and the associated changes in the electronic structure. The link between the electronic structure and chemical bonding can be provided through the crystal orbital Hamilton population (COHP) analysis that allows quantifying the bond strength by computing Hamilton-weighted populations of localized atomic orbitals. Another important parameter reflecting the nature and strength of a chemical bond is the bond order that can be assessed by the density derived electrostatic and chemical (DDEC6) method which relies on an electron and spin density-partitioning scheme. Herein, we describe a linear correlation that can be established between the DDEC6-derived bond orders and the bond strengths computed with the COHP formalism. We demonstrate that within defined boundaries, the COHP-derived bond strengths can be consistently compared among each other and linked to the DDEC6-derived bond orders independent of the used model. The validity of these correlations and the effective model independence of the electronic descriptors are demonstrated for a variety of gas-phase chemical systems, featuring different types of chemical bonds. Furthermore, the applicability of the derived correlations to the description of complex reaction paths in periodic systems is demonstrated by considering the zeolite-catalyzed Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction between 2,5-dimethylfuran and ethylene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roderigh
Y. Rohling
- Inorganic
Materials Chemistry Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Energy Technology,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ionut C. Tranca
- Inorganic
Materials Chemistry Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Energy Technology,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J. M. Hensen
- Inorganic
Materials Chemistry Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Energy Technology,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- Inorganic
Materials Chemistry Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Energy Technology,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hu B, Jiang YY, Liu P, Zhang RX, Zhang Q, Liu TT, Bi S. The mechanism and structure–activity relationship of amide bond formation by silane derivatives: a computational study. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9232-9242. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01605h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The detailed reaction mechanism and structure–activity relationship of substrates in silane reagent-mediated amide bond formation reactions are clarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ye Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xue Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Industry & Equipment Technology
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Tian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- People's Republic of China
| | - Siwei Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|