1
|
Yuan H, Zheng J, Lu G, Zhang L, Yan T, Luo J, Wang Y, Liu Y, Guo T, Wang Z, Nai J, Tao X. Formation of 2D Amorphous Lithium Sulfide Enabled by Mo 2C Clusters Loaded Carbon Scaffold for High-Performance Lithium Sulfur Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400639. [PMID: 38664988 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, operated through the interconversion between sulfur and solid-state lithium sulfide, are regarded as next-generation energy storage systems. However, the sluggish kinetics of lithium sulfide deposition/dissolution, caused by its insoluble and insulated nature, hampers the practical use of Li-S batteries. Herein, leaf-like carbon scaffold (LCS) with the modification of Mo2C clusters (Mo2C@LCS) is reported as host material of sulfur powder. During cycles, the dissociative Mo ions at the Mo2C@LCS/electrolyte interface are detected to exhibit competitive binding energy with Li ions for lithium sulfide anions, which disrupts the deposition behavior of crystalline lithium sulfide and trends a shift in the configuration of lithium sulfide toward an amorphous structure. Combining the related electrochemical study and first-principle calculation, it is revealed that the formation of amorphous lithium sulfides shows significantly improved kinetics for lithium sulfide deposition and decomposition. As a result, the obtained Mo2C@LCS/S cathode shows an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.015% per cycle at a high mass loading of 9.5 mg cm-2 after 700 cycles. More strikingly, an ultrahigh sulfur loading of 61.2 mg cm-2 can also be achieved. This work defines an efficacious strategy to advance the commercialization of Mo2C@LCS host for Li-S batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jianhui Zheng
- Quzhou Institute of Power Battery and Grid Energy Storage, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Gongxun Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tianran Yan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianmin Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yujing Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Tianqi Guo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Zhongchang Wang
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Jianwei Nai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xinyong Tao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Preventing the Collapse Behavior of Polyurethane Foams with the Addition of Cellulose Nanofiber. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061499. [PMID: 36987278 PMCID: PMC10058122 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane foam manufacturing depends on its materials and processes. A polyol that contains primary alcohol is very reactive with isocyanate. Sometimes, this may cause unexpected problems. In this study, a semi-rigid polyurethane foam was fabricated; however, its collapse occurred. The cellulose nanofiber was fabricated to solve this problem, and a weight ratio of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 3% (based on total parts per weight of polyols) of the nanofiber was added to the polyurethane foams. The effect of the cellulose nanofiber on the polyurethane foams’ rheological, chemical, morphological, thermal, and anti-collapse performances was analyzed. The rheological analysis showed that 3 wt% of the cellulose nanofiber was unsuitable because of the aggregation of the filler. It was observed that the addition of the cellulose nanofiber showed the improved hydrogen bonding of the urethane linkage, even if it was not chemically reacted with the isocyanate groups. Moreover, due to the nucleating effect of the cellulose nanofiber, the average cell area of the produced foams decreased according to the amount of the cellulose nanofiber present, and the average cell area especially was reduced about five times when it contained 1 wt% more of the cellulose nanofiber than the neat foam. Although the thermal stability declined slightly, the glass transition temperature shifted from 25.8 °C to 37.6, 38.2, and 40.1 °C by when the cellulose nanofiber increased. Furthermore, the shrinkage ratio after 14 days from the foaming (%shrinkage) of the polyurethane foams decreased 15.4 times for the 1 wt% cellulose nanofiber polyurethane composite.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang H, Du X, Deng C, Shang Y, Yang H, Chen Q, Li Z. Theoretical study on the cross-linking reaction mechanism of cellulose nanofibrils initiated by fluorine. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 116:108266. [PMID: 35810734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical investigation on the cross-linking reaction process and mechanism of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) initiated by fluorine is accomplished by density functional theory. Three reaction pathways generated aldehyde and ester are identified. The reaction potential energy information of the ten reaction channels at B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level are obtained. The calculation results show that the reaction pathway of forming ester thereafter acyl fluoride has realized the cross-linking of cellulose. The reaction pathway of forming ester is more kinetically and thermodynamically favorable than the others of forming aldehyde with the lower energy barriers. The oxidation site mainly occurred at the methylene hydrogen of the hydroxymethyl group in the cellulose. The cross-linking of two cellulose molecules initiated by fluorine forming a covalent ester bond would be beneficial to improve cellulose mechanical properties of the insulating paper, which is better to add cellulose nanofibrils served as a "bridge" for strengthening the connection between celluloses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application of Ministry of Education & School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, PR China.
| | - Xia Du
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application of Ministry of Education & School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, PR China
| | - Chi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application of Ministry of Education & School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, PR China
| | - Yan Shang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application of Ministry of Education & School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, PR China
| | - Hongda Yang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application of Ministry of Education & School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, PR China
| | - Qingguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application of Ministry of Education & School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, PR China.
| | - Zesheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sakirler F, Wong HW. Cellulose Fast Pyrolysis Activated by Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7806-7819. [PMID: 36263959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of inedible biomass by fast pyrolysis is a promising route for sustainable production of renewable fuels and value-added chemicals, but low selectivity toward desired products hampers its economic viability. Understanding the molecular-level reaction pathways of biomass fast pyrolysis could be the key to overcoming this challenge. However, the effects of intramolecular and interchain hydrogen bonds near the reaction center have not been thoroughly explored. In this work, the reaction pathways and kinetics of fast pyrolysis of cellulose, a major component of biomass, were investigated using the density functional theory. A new intramolecular hydroxyl-activated mechanism is presented for cellulose activation. Our calculations incorporating noncovalent interactions accurately captured the activation energy of 50.8 kcal mol-1, agreeable with the apparent activation energy measured experimentally. The findings of cellulose pyrolysis provide insights into the investigation of interactions during real-life biomass pyrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuat Sakirler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Hsi-Wu Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aramfard M, Kaynan O, Hosseini E, Zakertabrizi M, Pérez LM, Asadi A. Aqueous Dispersion of Carbon Nanomaterials with Cellulose Nanocrystals: An Investigation of Molecular Interactions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202216. [PMID: 35902243 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dispersing carbon nanomaterials in solvents is effective in transferring their significant mechanical and functional properties to polymers and nanocomposites. However, poor dispersion of carbon nanomaterials impedes exploiting their full potential in nanocomposites. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are promising for dispersing and stabilizing pristine carbon nanotubes (pCNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (pGnP) in protic media without functionalization. Here, the underlying mechanisms at the molecular level are investigated between CNC and pCNT/pGnP that stabilize their dispersion in polar solvents. Based on the spectroscopy and microscopy characterization of CNCpCNT/pGnP and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, an additional intermolecular mechanism is proposed between CNC and pCNT/pGnP that forms carbonoxygen covalent bonds between hydroxyl end groups of CNCs and the defected sites of pCNTs/pGnPs preventing re-agglomeration in polar solvents. This work's findings indicate that the CNC-assisted process enables new capabilities in harnessing nanostructures at the molecular level and tailoring the performance of nanocomposites at higher length scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aramfard
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ozge Kaynan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3367, USA
| | - Ehsan Hosseini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3367, USA
| | - Mohammad Zakertabrizi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3367, USA
| | - Lisa M Pérez
- High Performance Research Computing, Texas A&M University, MS 3361, College Station, TX, 77843-3361, USA
| | - Amir Asadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3367, USA
- Department of Engineering Technology and Industrial Distribution, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3367, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Padmanathan AMDD, Mushrif SH. Pyrolytic activation of cellulose: Energetics and condensed phase effects. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00492a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bottom-up design of lignocellulose pyrolysis to optimize the quality and yield of bio-oil is hindered by the limited knowledge of the underlying condensed phase biomass chemistry. The influence of condensed...
Collapse
|
7
|
Facas G, Maliekkal V, Zhu C, Neurock M, Dauenhauer PJ. Cooperative Activation of Cellulose with Natural Calcium. JACS AU 2021; 1:272-281. [PMID: 34467292 PMCID: PMC8395691 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring metals, such as calcium, catalytically activate the intermonomer β-glycosidic bonds in long chains of cellulose, initiating reactions with volatile oxygenates for renewable applications. In this work, the millisecond kinetics of calcium-catalyzed reactions were measured via the method of the pulse-heated analysis of solid and surface reactions (PHASR) at high temperatures (370-430 °C) to reveal accelerated glycosidic ether scission with a second-order rate dependence on the Ca2+ ions. First-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to identify stable binding configurations for two Ca2+ ions that demonstrated accelerated transglycosylation kinetics, with an apparent activation barrier of 50 kcal mol-1 for a cooperative calcium-catalyzed cycle. The agreement of the mechanism with calcium cooperativity to the experimental barrier (48.7 ± 2.8 kcal mol-1) suggests that calcium enhances the reactivity through a primary role of stabilizing charged transition states and a secondary role of disrupting native H-bonding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory
G. Facas
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vineet Maliekkal
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Matthew Neurock
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Paul J. Dauenhauer
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Goussougli M, Sirjean B, Glaude PA, Fournet R. Theoretical study of the pyrolysis of β-1,4-xylan: a detailed investigation on unimolecular concerted reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2605-2621. [PMID: 33480926 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06024k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical study of the thermal decomposition of β-1,4-xylan, a model polymer of hemicelluloses, is proposed for the first time. A mechanism based on unimolecular concerted reactions is elaborated in a comprehensive way. Elementary reactions, such as dehydrations, retro-aldol, retro Diels-Alder, retro-ene, glycosidic bond fissions, isomerizations, etc., are applied to β-1,4-xylan, as well as to the fragments formed. At each stage of the construction of the mechanism, the fragments previously retained are decomposed and the low energy paths are selected to define new fragments. Energy barriers are computed at the CBS-QB3 level of theory and rate coefficients of important reactions are calculated. It is shown that the main reaction pathways can be modelled by reactions involving two specific fragments, which react in closed sequences, similarly to chain-propagating reactions. The proposed reaction scheme allows to predict important species observed during the pyrolysis of xylan, such as aldehydes or CO. In addition, we show that dehydrations require high activation energy and cannot compete with the other reactions. Therefore, it seems difficult to explain, by means of unimolecular homogeneous gas phase reactions, the significant formation of specific species such as furfural as reported by several authors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Goussougli
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - B Sirjean
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - P-A Glaude
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - R Fournet
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maliekkal V, Dauenhauer PJ, Neurock M. Glycosidic C–O Bond Activation in Cellulose Pyrolysis: Alpha Versus Beta and Condensed Phase Hydroxyl-Catalytic Scission. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Maliekkal
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Paul J. Dauenhauer
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Matthew Neurock
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yu Z, Murria P, Easton MW, Degenstein JC, Zhu H, Xu L, Agrawal R, Delgass WN, Ribeiro FH, Kenttämaa HI. Exploring the Reaction Mechanisms of Fast Pyrolysis of Xylan Model Compounds via Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9149-9157. [PMID: 31545607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A commercial fast pyrolysis probe coupled with a high-resolution tandem mass spectrometer was employed to identify the initial reactions and products of fast pyrolysis of xylobiose and xylotriose, model compounds of xylans. Fragmentation of the reducing end by loss of an ethenediol molecule via ring-opening and retro-aldol condensation was found to be the dominant pyrolysis pathway for xylobiose, and the structure of the product-β-d-xylopyranosylglyceraldehyde-was identified by comparing collision-activated dissociation of the ionized product and an ionized authentic compound. This intermediate can undergo further decomposition via the loss of formaldehyde to form β-d-xylopyranosylglycolaldehyde. In addition, the mechanisms of reactions leading to the loss of a water molecule or dissociation of the glycosidic linkages were explored computationally. These reactions are proposed to occur via pinacol ring contraction and/or Maccoll elimination mechanisms.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ansari KB, Arora JS, Chew JW, Dauenhauer PJ, Mushrif SH. Fast Pyrolysis of Cellulose, Hemicellulose, and Lignin: Effect of Operating Temperature on Bio-oil Yield and Composition and Insights into the Intrinsic Pyrolysis Chemistry. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khursheed B. Ansari
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459
| | - Jyotsna S. Arora
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459
| | - Jia Wei Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459
| | - Paul J. Dauenhauer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Amundson Hall, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Samir H. Mushrif
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116, Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|