1
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Kisszékelyi P, Mudráková B, Cigáň M, Šebesta R. Persistent guaiazulene arylmethylium ions as electrophilic traps for metal enolates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3339-3342. [PMID: 38440813 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00208c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Guaiazulene-stabilized cations reacted with metal enolates affording carbonyl compounds with an azulene moiety. Metal enolates generated by asymmetric conjugate addition of organometallic reagents led to enantioenriched products. Additionally, guaiazulene-substituted cations efficiently react with silyl enol ethers. DFT calculations allowed estimation of the electrophilicities of the carbocations. Reaction progress was monitored by a decrease in the reactant's Vis-light absorption and an increase in the product's anti-Kasha emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Kisszékelyi
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia.
| | - Brigita Mudráková
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia.
| | - Marek Cigáň
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia.
| | - Radovan Šebesta
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia.
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2
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Liang P, Yang H, Wang Y. Elucidating the mechanism and origin of stereoselectivity in the activation/transformation of an acetic ester catalyzed by an N-heterocyclic carbene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4320-4328. [PMID: 38234281 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05581g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The activation of an ester by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis is an efficient and important approach for generating an NHC-bound enolate intermediate, an important active intermediate in the transformation of carbonyl compounds. Herein, we perform a theoretical study on the NHC-catalyzed activation and transformation reaction of an acetic ester in which the NHC-bound enolate intermediate is a key intermediate. Multiple activation and transformation pathways are proposed and analyzed to identify an energetically favorable pathway. The use of different substrates for the reaction is considered. When a chalcone substrate is used, [4+2] cycloaddition between the enolate intermediate and the chalcone is identified to be both the rate- and stereoselectivity-determining step for the reaction, with the R-configured product being generated as the major isomer. Noncovalent interaction (NCI) and atoms-in-molecules (AIM) analyses are performed to identify the origin of the stereoselectivity of the reaction, and a local reactivity analysis is conducted to explore substrate and catalyst effects on the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingxin Liang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Haoran Yang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, P. R. China.
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3
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Xu N, Pu M, Yu H, Yang G, Liu X, Feng X. Iron-Catalyzed Asymmetric α-Alkylation of 2-Acylimidazoles via Dehydrogenative Radical Cross-Coupling with Alkanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314256. [PMID: 37985963 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The direct α-alkylation of acyclic carbonyls with nonactivated hydrocarbons through C(sp3 )-H functionalization is both extremely promising and notably challenging, especially when attempting to achieve enantioselectivity using iron-based catalysts. We have identified a robust chiral iron complex for the oxidative cross-coupling of 2-acylimidazoles with benzylic and allylic hydrocarbons, as well as nonactivated alkanes. The readily available and tunable N,N'-dioxide catalysts of iron in connection with oxidants exhibit precise asymmetric induction (up to 99 % ee) with good compatibility in moderate to good yields (up to 88 % yield). This protocol provides an elegant and straightforward access to optically active acyclic carbonyl derivatives starting from simple alkanes without prefunctionalization. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and control experiments were made to gain insight into the nature of C-C bond formation and the origin of enantioselectivity. We propose a radical-radical cross-coupling process enabled by the immediate interconversion between chiral ferric species and ferrous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Maoping Pu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Han Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Gaofei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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4
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Poh CYX, Rozsar D, Yang J, Christensen KE, Dixon DJ. Bifunctional Iminophosphorane Catalyzed Amide Enolization for Enantioselective Cyclohexadienone Desymmetrization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202315401. [PMID: 38055190 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The organocatalytic enolization of 2-arylacetamides, followed by an enantioselective intramolecular conjugate addition to tethered 2,5-cyclohexadienones, yielding 3D fused N-heterocycles, is described. The transformation represents the first strong activating group-free activation of carboxamides via α-C-H deprotonation in a metal-free, catalytic, and enantioselective reaction, and is achieved by employing a bifunctional iminophosphorane (BIMP) superbase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine Y X Poh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Rozsar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Jinchao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Kirsten E Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
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5
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Mudráková B, Marcia de Figueiredo R, Campagne JM, Šebesta R. Asymmetric tandem conjugate addition and reaction with carbocations on acylimidazole Michael acceptors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:881-888. [PMID: 37346500 PMCID: PMC10280057 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We present here a stereoselective tandem reaction based on the asymmetric conjugate addition of dialkylzinc reagents to unsaturated acylimidazoles followed by trapping of the intermediate zinc enolate with carbocations. The use of a chiral NHC ligand provides chiral zinc enolates in high enantiomeric purities. These enolates are reacted with highly electrophilic onium compounds to afford densely substituted acylimidazoles. DFT calculations helped to understand the reactivity of the zinc enolates derived from acylimidazoles and allowed their comparison with metal enolates obtained by other conjugate addition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Mudráková
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | - Radovan Šebesta
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
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6
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Xie JH, Hou YM, Feng Z, You SL. Stereodivergent Construction of 1,3-Chiral Centers via Tandem Asymmetric Conjugate Addition and Allylic Substitution Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216396. [PMID: 36597878 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a synthesis of cyclohexanones bearing multi-continuous stereocenters by combining copper-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of dialkylzinc reagents to cyclic enones with iridium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution reaction. Good to excellent yields, diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity can be obtained. Unlike the stereodivergent construction of adjacent stereocenters (1,2-position) reported in the literature, the current reaction can achieve the stereodivergent construction of nonadjacent stereocenters (1,3-position) by a proper combination of two chiral catalysts with different enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuolijun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, 200032, Shanghai, China
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7
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Tong X, Schneck F, Fu GC. Catalytic Enantioselective α-Alkylation of Amides by Unactivated Alkyl Electrophiles. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14856-14863. [PMID: 35925763 PMCID: PMC10079215 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbonyl groups that bear an α stereocenter are commonly found in bioactive compounds, and intense effort has therefore been dedicated to the pursuit of stereoselective methods for constructing this motif. While the chiral auxiliary-enabled coupling of enolates with alkyl electrophiles represented groundbreaking progress in addressing this challenge, the next advance in the evolution of this enolate-alkylation approach would be to use a chiral catalyst to control stereochemistry. Herein we describe the achievement of this objective, demonstrating that a nickel catalyst can accomplish enantioselective intermolecular alkylations of racemic Reformatsky reagents with unactivated electrophiles; the resulting α-alkylated carbonyl compounds can be converted in one additional step into a diverse array of ubiquitous families of chiral molecules. Applying a broad spectrum of mechanistic tools, we have gained insight into key intermediates (including the alkylnickel(II) resting state) and elementary steps of the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tong
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Felix Schneck
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Gregory C Fu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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8
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Prieto L, Rodríguez V, Vicario JL, Reyes E, Hornillos V. Enantioselective transannular reactions by palladium-catalysed conjugate addition of aryl boronic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6514-6517. [PMID: 35575448 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01642g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed asymmeric conjugate addition of aryl boronic acids to medium-sized cycloalkenones followed by intramolecular aldol trapping is reported. The use of in situ formed [Pd/(QuinoxP*)] as the catalyst enables the synthesis of arylbicyclic scaffolds in good yields and with excellent stereocontrol (up to 7 : 1 dr, up to 99% ee). The reaction is applicable to a range of medium size ketoenone substrates and funcionalized aryl boronic acids, including heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liher Prieto
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P. O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Verónica Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Jose L Vicario
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P. O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Efraim Reyes
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P. O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Valentín Hornillos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain. .,Instituto Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US), C/Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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9
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Mudráková B, Kisszékelyi P, Vargová D, Zakiewicz D, Šebesta R. Asymmetric Tandem Conjugate Addition and Reaction with Carbocations on Unsaturated Heterocycles. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Mudráková
- Comenius University in Bratislava Faculty of Natural Sciences Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynská dolina Ilkovičova 6 842 15 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Péter Kisszékelyi
- Comenius University in Bratislava Faculty of Natural Sciences Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynská dolina Ilkovičova 6 842 15 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Denisa Vargová
- Comenius University in Bratislava Faculty of Natural Sciences Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynská dolina Ilkovičova 6 842 15 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Dorota Zakiewicz
- Comenius University in Bratislava Faculty of Natural Sciences Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynská dolina Ilkovičova 6 842 15 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Radovan Šebesta
- Comenius University in Bratislava Faculty of Natural Sciences Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynská dolina Ilkovičova 6 842 15 Bratislava Slovakia
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10
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Jiang Y, Xi S, Wang Q, Fu L, He L, Wang Z, Zhang M. Facile synthesis of δ-ketoesters via formal two-carbon insertion into β-ketoesters. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Maier J, Müller SM, Torvisco A, Glotz G, Fischer RC, Griesser T, Kelterer A, Haas M. Isolable Stannenolates Enable the Synthesis of Visible‐Light Photoinitiators. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Maier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9/IV 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Stefanie M. Müller
- Institute of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials Montanuniversitaet Leoben Otto-Gloeckelstrasse 2 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Ana Torvisco
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9/IV 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Gabriel Glotz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Technical University Graz Stremayrgasse 9/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Roland C. Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9/IV 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Thomas Griesser
- Institute of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials Montanuniversitaet Leoben Otto-Gloeckelstrasse 2 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Anne‐Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Technical University Graz Stremayrgasse 9/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9/IV 8010 Graz Austria
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12
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A development of a reusable copper supported imidazolium functionalized ionic liquid catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition reaction. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Drusgala M, Frühwirt P, Glotz G, Hogrefe K, Torvisco A, Fischer RC, Wilkening HMR, Kelterer A, Gescheidt G, Haas M. Isolable Geminal Bisgermenolates: A New Synthon in Organometallic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23646-23650. [PMID: 34464492 PMCID: PMC8596710 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized the first isolable geminal bisenolates L2 K2 Ge[(CO)R]2 (R=2,4,6-trimethylphenyl (2 a,b), L=THF for (2 a) or [18]-crown-6 for (2 b)), a new synthon for the synthesis of organometallic reagents. The formation of these derivatives was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallographic analysis. The UV/Vis spectra of these anions show three distinct bands, which were assigned by DFT calculations. The efficiency of 2 a,b to serve as new building block in macromolecular chemistry is demonstrated by the reactions with two different types of electrophiles (acid chlorides and alkyl halides). In all cases the salt metathesis reaction gave rise to novel Ge-based photoinitiators in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Drusgala
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9/IV8010GrazAustria
| | - Philipp Frühwirt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9/II8010GrazAustria
| | - Gabriel Glotz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9/II8010GrazAustria
| | - Katharina Hogrefe
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of MaterialsGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9/III8010GrazAustria
| | - Ana Torvisco
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9/IV8010GrazAustria
| | - Roland C. Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9/IV8010GrazAustria
| | - H. Martin R. Wilkening
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of MaterialsGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9/III8010GrazAustria
| | - Anne‐Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9/II8010GrazAustria
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9/II8010GrazAustria
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9/IV8010GrazAustria
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14
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Drusgala M, Frühwirt P, Glotz G, Hogrefe K, Torvisco A, Fischer RC, Wilkening HMR, Kelterer A, Gescheidt G, Haas M. Isolable Geminal Bisgermenolates: A New Synthon in Organometallic Chemistry. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 133:23838-23842. [PMID: 38505802 PMCID: PMC10946821 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized the first isolable geminal bisenolates L2K2Ge[(CO)R]2 (R=2,4,6-trimethylphenyl (2 a,b), L=THF for (2 a) or [18]-crown-6 for (2 b)), a new synthon for the synthesis of organometallic reagents. The formation of these derivatives was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallographic analysis. The UV/Vis spectra of these anions show three distinct bands, which were assigned by DFT calculations. The efficiency of 2 a,b to serve as new building block in macromolecular chemistry is demonstrated by the reactions with two different types of electrophiles (acid chlorides and alkyl halides). In all cases the salt metathesis reaction gave rise to novel Ge-based photoinitiators in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Drusgala
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9/IV8010GrazAustria
| | - Philipp Frühwirt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9/II8010GrazAustria
| | - Gabriel Glotz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9/II8010GrazAustria
| | - Katharina Hogrefe
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of MaterialsGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9/III8010GrazAustria
| | - Ana Torvisco
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9/IV8010GrazAustria
| | - Roland C. Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9/IV8010GrazAustria
| | - H. Martin R. Wilkening
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of MaterialsGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9/III8010GrazAustria
| | - Anne‐Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9/II8010GrazAustria
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9/II8010GrazAustria
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9/IV8010GrazAustria
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15
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Ma H, Feng J, Zhou W, Chen C, Deng Z, Zhou F, Ouyang Y, Zhang X, Cai Q. Copper(i)-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular C-arylation with ureas as the additives: highly enantioselective formation of spirooxindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7480-7484. [PMID: 34612367 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01327k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cooperative catalytic strategy is developed for a copper-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular C-arylation reaction with ureas as the co-catalysts. By forming hydrogen bonds with 1,3-dicarbonyl structures, ureas can activate the substrates, stabilize the carbanion intermediates and the products, and fix the syn-configurations of 1,3-dicarbonyl structures. They help enhance the reactivity, prevent side reactions and improve the enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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16
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Herraiz AG, Cramer N. Cobalt(III)-Catalyzed Diastereo- and Enantioselective Three-Component C–H Functionalization. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana G. Herraiz
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolai Cramer
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Ötvös SB, Kappe CO. Continuous flow asymmetric synthesis of chiral active pharmaceutical ingredients and their advanced intermediates. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2021; 23:6117-6138. [PMID: 34671222 PMCID: PMC8447942 DOI: 10.1039/d1gc01615f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic enantioselective transformations provide well-established and direct access to stereogenic synthons that are broadly distributed among active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). These reactions have been demonstrated to benefit considerably from the merits of continuous processing and microreactor technology. Over the past few years, continuous flow enantioselective catalysis has grown into a mature field and has found diverse applications in asymmetric synthesis of pharmaceutically active substances. The present review therefore surveys flow chemistry-based approaches for the synthesis of chiral APIs and their advanced stereogenic intermediates, covering the utilization of biocatalysis, organometallic catalysis and metal-free organocatalysis to introduce asymmetry in continuously operated systems. Single-step processes, interrupted multistep flow syntheses, combined batch/flow processes and uninterrupted one-flow syntheses are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor B Ötvös
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 A-8010 Graz Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 A-8010 Graz Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 A-8010 Graz Austria
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18
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Abstract
The asymmetric alkylation of enolates is a particularly versatile method for the construction of α-stereogenic carbonyl motifs, which are ubiquitous in synthetic chemistry. Over the past several decades, the focus has shifted to the development of new catalytic methods that depart from classical stoichiometric stereoinduction strategies (e.g., chiral auxiliaries, chiral alkali metal amide bases, chiral electrophiles, etc.). In this way, the enantioselective alkylation of prochiral enolates greatly improves the step- and redox-economy of this process, in addition to enhancing the scope and selectivity of these reactions. In this review, we summarize the origin and advancement of catalytic enantioselective enolate alkylation methods, with a directed emphasis on the union of prochiral nucleophiles with carbon-centered electrophiles for the construction of α-stereogenic carbonyl derivatives. Hence, the transformative developments for each distinct class of nucleophile (e.g., ketone enolates, ester enolates, amide enolates, etc.) are presented in a modular format to highlight the state-of-the-art methods and current limitations in each area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Andrew Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. of China
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19
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Jud W, Sommer F, Kappe CO, Cantillo D. Electrochemical α-Arylation of Ketones via Anodic Oxidation of In Situ Generated Silyl Enol Ethers. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16026-16034. [PMID: 34343004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical procedure for the α-arylation of ketones has been developed. The method is based on the generation and one-pot anodic oxidation of silyl enol ethers in the presence of the arene. This strategy avoids isolation of the silyl enol intermediate and the utilization of external supporting electrolytes. Intermolecular arylations, which had not been reported so far, are possible when electron-rich arenes are utilized as coupling partners. The method has been demonstrated for a wide variety of aryl ketones and activated arenes, with moderate to good yields (up to 69%) obtained. Mechanistic insights and a theoretical rationale that explains the ketone α-arylation versus dimerization selectivity are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Jud
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Sommer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - David Cantillo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
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20
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Wang M, Wang W, Li D, Wang WJ, Zhan R, Shao LD. α-C(sp 3)-H Arylation of Cyclic Carbonyl Compounds. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:379-404. [PMID: 34097248 PMCID: PMC8275813 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-021-00312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
α-C(sp3)-H arylation is an important type of C-H functionalization. Various biologically significant natural products, chemical intermediates, and drugs have been effectively prepared via C-H functionalization. Cyclic carbonyl compounds comprise of cyclic ketones, enones, lactones, and lactams. The α-C(sp3)-H arylation of these compounds have been exhibited high efficiency in forming C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds, played a crucial role in organic synthesis, and attracted majority of interests from organic and medicinal communities. This review focused on the most significant advances including methods, mechanism, and applications in total synthesis of natural products in the field of α-C(sp3)-H arylations of cyclic carbonyl compounds in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650050, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650050, China
| | - Dashan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650050, China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650050, China
| | - Rui Zhan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650050, China.
| | - Li-Dong Shao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650050, China.
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21
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Ohmatsu K, Morita Y, Kiyokawa M, Ooi T. Catalytic Asymmetric Cyanoalkylation of Electron-Deficient Olefins with Potassium Cyanide and Alkyl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11218-11224. [PMID: 34270904 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective cyanoalkylation of electron-deficient olefins with potassium cyanide and alkyl halides was developed based on the utilization of modular chiral 1,2,3-triazolium salts featuring a hydrogen bond-donor ability as catalysts. The reaction involving multiple carbon-carbon bond formations proceeds via the enantioselective conjugate addition of a cyanide ion and the consecutive catalyst-controlled diastereoselective alkylation of intermediary chiral triazolium enolates. Control experiments revealed that the use of a properly tuned chiral triazolium ion as a catalyst and the presence of the cyano functionality in the intermediary enolate are of crucial importance for achieving high levels of acyclic absolute and relative stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Ohmatsu
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yusuke Morita
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mari Kiyokawa
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Ooi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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22
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Cooze CJC, McNutt W, Schoetz MD, Sosunovych B, Grigoryan S, Lundgren RJ. Diastereo-, Enantio-, and Z-Selective α,δ-Difunctionalization of Electron-Deficient Dienes Initiated by Rh-Catalyzed Conjugate Addition. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10770-10777. [PMID: 34253021 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed enantioselective conjugate additions are highly reliable methods for stereoselective synthesis; however, multicomponent reactions that are initiated by conjugate arylation of acyclic π-systems are rare. These reactions generally proceed with poor diastereoselectivity while requiring basic, moisture sensitive organometallic nucleophiles. Here, we show that Rh-catalysts supported by a tetrafluorobenzobarrelene ligand (Ph-tfb) enable the enantio-, diastereo-, and Z-selective α,δ-difunctionalization of electron-deficient 1,3-dienes with organoboronic acid nucleophiles and aldehyde electrophiles to generate Z-homoallylic alcohols with three stereocenters. The reaction accommodates diene substrates activated by ester, amide, ketone, or aromatic groups and can be used to couple aryl, alkenyl, or alkyl aldehydes. Diastereoselective functionalization of the Z-olefin unit in the addition products allows for the generation of compounds with five stereocenters in high dr and ee. Mechanistic studies suggest aldehyde allylrhodation is the rate-determining step, and unlike reactions of analogous Rh-enolates, the Rh-allyl species generated by δ-arylation undergoes aldehyde trapping rather than protonolysis, even when water is present as a cosolvent. These findings should have broader implications in the use of privileged metal-catalyzed conjugate addition reactions as entry points toward the preparation of acyclic molecules containing nonadjacent stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wesley McNutt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Markus D Schoetz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Bohdan Sosunovych
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Svetlana Grigoryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Rylan J Lundgren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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23
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Obe FO, Davis RA, Spurlock J, Grunloh Barnes MM, Lindvall T, Wendorf MS, Delach C, Ferrence GM, Standard JM, Hitchcock SR. Asymmetric conjugate addition reactions with chiral oxadiazinones: Unusual conformational properties of the oxadiazinones. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Deng Z, Feng J, Zhou F, Ouyang Y, Ma H, Zhou W, Zhang X, Cai Q. Copper( i)–catalyzed intramolecular asymmetric C-arylation of acyclic β-ester amides: enantioselective formation of chiral oxindoles. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00568e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient intramolecular asymmetric C-arylation of acyclic β-ester amides is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoji Deng
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jiajie Feng
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Fengtao Zhou
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yifan Ouyang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Haowen Ma
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Wei Zhou
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Qian Cai
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
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25
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Fiorito D, Scaringi S, Mazet C. Transition metal-catalyzed alkene isomerization as an enabling technology in tandem, sequential and domino processes. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1391-1406. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One-pot reactions based on catalytic isomerization of alkenes not only offer the inherent advantages of atom-, step- and redox-economy but also enable the preparation of value-added products that would be difficult to access by conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fiorito
- Organic Chemistry Department
- University of Geneva
- Geneva 1211
- Switzerland
| | - Simone Scaringi
- Organic Chemistry Department
- University of Geneva
- Geneva 1211
- Switzerland
| | - Clément Mazet
- Organic Chemistry Department
- University of Geneva
- Geneva 1211
- Switzerland
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26
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Snead RF, Nekvinda J, Santos WL. Copper(ii)-catalyzed protoboration of allenes in aqueous media and open air. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A copper(ii)-catalyzed internal protoboration of monosubstituted allenes efficiently occurs in water at room temperature and open air to generate 1,1-disubstituted vinyl boronic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell F. Snead
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Jan Nekvinda
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Webster L. Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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27
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Stentzel MR, Klumpp DA. Michael Addition with an Olefinic Pyridine: Organometallic Nucleophiles and Carbon Electrophiles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12740-12746. [PMID: 32883082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The conjugate addition reactions of trans-1,2-di(2-pyridyl)ethylene have been studied. This substrate reacts with organolithium nucleophiles, and the resulting anionic intermediates may be trapped by proton or various carbonyl-based electrophiles. It is suggested that the dipyridyl structure stabilizes the intermediate carbanion, allowing the Michael adduct to be captured by an added electrophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Stentzel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Northern Illinois University DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
| | - Douglas A Klumpp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Northern Illinois University DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
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28
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Némethová I, Šebesta R. Are Organozirconium Reagents Applicable in Current Organic Synthesis? SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe search for mild, user-friendly, easily accessible, and robust organometallic reagents is an important feature of organometallic chemistry. Ideally, new methodologies employing organometallics should be developed with respect to practical applications in syntheses of target compounds. In this short review, we investigate if organozirconium reagents can fulfill these criteria. Organozirconium compounds are typically generated via in situ hydrozirconation of alkenes or alkynes with the Schwartz reagent. Alkyl and alkenylzirconium reagents have proven to be convenient in conjugate additions, allylic substitutions, cross-coupling reactions, and additions to carbonyls or imines. Furthermore, the Schwartz reagent itself is a useful reducing agent for polar functional groups.1 Introduction2 Synthesis and Generation of the Schwartz Reagent3 Structure and Properties of Cp2Zr(H)Cl4 Reactivity of Organozirconium Reagents4.1 Asymmetric Conjugate Addition4.2 Asymmetric Allylic Alkylations4.3 Desymmetrization Reactions4.4 Cross-Coupling Reactions4.5 1,2-Additions5 Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radovan Šebesta
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry
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29
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Nie XX, Huang YH, Wang P. Thianthrenation-Enabled α-Arylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Arenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:7716-7720. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xue Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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30
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Corre Y, Rysak V, Nagyházi M, Kalocsai D, Trivelli X, Djukic J, Agbossou‐Niedercorn F, Michon C. One‐Pot Controlled Reduction of Conjugated Amides by Sequential Double Hydrosilylation Catalyzed by an Iridium(III) Metallacycle. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Corre
- UCCS UMR 8181 Univ. Lille CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide 59000 Lille France
| | - Vincent Rysak
- UCCS UMR 8181 Univ. Lille CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide 59000 Lille France
| | - Márton Nagyházi
- UCCS UMR 8181 Univ. Lille CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide 59000 Lille France
| | - Dorottya Kalocsai
- UCCS UMR 8181 Univ. Lille CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide 59000 Lille France
| | - Xavier Trivelli
- IMEC Institut Michel‐Eugène Chevreul FR 2638 Univ. Lille 59000 Lille France
| | - Jean‐Pierre Djukic
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Francine Agbossou‐Niedercorn
- UCCS UMR 8181 Univ. Lille CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide 59000 Lille France
| | - Christophe Michon
- UCCS UMR 8181 Univ. Lille CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide 59000 Lille France
- Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux ‐ LIMA UMR 7042, Université de Strasbourg Université de Haute‐Alsace, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
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31
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Lee SJ, Malpani YR, Kim IW. Development of a packed-bed flow process for the production scale hydrogenation of 7-oxo-lithocholic acid to ursodeoxycholic acid. J Flow Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-020-00108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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32
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Mastropierro P, Livingstone Z, Robertson SD, Kennedy AR, Hevia E. Structurally Mapping Alkyl and Amide Basicity in Zincate Chemistry: Diversity in the Synthesis of Mixed Sodium–Zinc Complexes and Their Applications in Enolate Formation. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoe Livingstone
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, CH3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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33
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Guo T, Ding Y, Zhou L, Xu H, Loh TP, Wu X. Palladium-Catalyzed anti-Michael Reductive Heck Reaction of α,β-Unsaturated Esters. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yalan Ding
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616
| | - Xiaojin Wu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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34
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Vargová D, Némethová I, Šebesta R. Asymmetric copper-catalyzed conjugate additions of organometallic reagents in the syntheses of natural compounds and pharmaceuticals. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3780-3796. [PMID: 32391843 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00278j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Access to enantiopure complex molecular structures is crucial for the development of new drugs as well as agents used in crop-protection. In this regard, numerous asymmetric methods have been established. Copper-catalyzed 1,4-additions of organometallic reagents are robust C-C bond formation strategies applicable in a wide range of circumstances. This review analyses the syntheses of natural products and pharmaceutical agents, which rely on the application of asymmetric Cu-catalyzed conjugate additions of various organometallic reagents. A wide range of available organometallics, e.g. dialkylzinc, trialkylaluminum, Grignard, and organozirconium, can now be used in conjugate additions to address various synthetic challenges present in targeted natural compounds. Furthermore, efficient catalysts allow high levels of stereofidelity over a diverse array of starting Michael acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Vargová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ivana Némethová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Radovan Šebesta
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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35
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Wang JYJ, Fletcher SP. Synthesis of the Taxol Core via Catalytic Asymmetric 1,4-Addition of an Alkylzirconium Nucleophile. Org Lett 2020; 22:4103-4106. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yu Joseph Wang
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P. Fletcher
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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36
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Jang S, Kim H. Chiral 1H NMR Analysis of Carbonyl Compounds Enabled by Cationic Cobalt Complex. Org Lett 2020; 22:4185-4189. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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37
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Meyer CC, Ortiz E, Krische MJ. Catalytic Reductive Aldol and Mannich Reactions of Enone, Acrylate, and Vinyl Heteroaromatic Pronucleophiles. Chem Rev 2020; 120:3721-3748. [PMID: 32191438 PMCID: PMC7904107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic reductive coupling of enone, acrylate, or vinyl heteroaromatic pronucleophiles with carbonyl or imine partners offers an alternative to base-mediated enolization in aldol- and Mannich-type reactions. In this review, direct catalytic reductive aldol and Mannich reactions are exhaustively catalogued on the basis of metal or organocatalyst. Stepwise processes involving enone conjugate reduction to form discrete enol or (metallo)enolate derivatives followed by introduction of carbonyl or imine electrophiles and aldol reactions initiated via enone conjugate addition are not covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole C. Meyer
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall
(A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Eliezer Ortiz
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall
(A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall
(A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
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38
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Xie L, Yang H, Ma M, Xing D. Rhodium-Catalyzed Branched and Enantioselective Direct α-Allylic Alkylation of Simple Ketones with Alkynes. Org Lett 2020; 22:2007-2011. [PMID: 32065530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first direct branched-selective α-allylic alkylation of simple ketones with alkynes under rhodium and secondary amine cooperative catalysis. Through a rhodium-hydride-catalyzed allylic substitution pathway, a series of valuable γ,δ-unsaturated ketones are obtained with excellent regioselectivity in an atom-economic and byproduct-free manner. With a chiral BIPHEP ligand, high enantioselectivity has been achieved for this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Haijian Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Mingliang Ma
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Dong Xing
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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39
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Hao YJ, Hu XS, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Yu JS. Catalytic Enantioselective α-Arylation of Carbonyl Enolates and Related Compounds. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jia Hao
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Si Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Sheng Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
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40
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Tsujihara T, Tomeba M, Ohkubo-Sato S, Iwabuchi K, Koie R, Tada N, Tamura S, Takehara T, Suzuki T, Kawano T. One-pot reactions of bicyclic zinc enolate generated from Ni-catalyzed reductive cyclization to furnish octahydro-4,7-ethanobenzofuran-9-one derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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41
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Vargová D, Pérez JM, Harutyunyan SR, Šebesta R. Trapping of chiral enolates generated by Lewis acid promoted conjugate addition of Grignard reagents to unreactive Michael acceptors by various electrophiles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11766-11769. [PMID: 31513177 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05041h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we show trapping of chiral enolates with carbenium ions, Michael acceptors, and bromine. Silyl ketene aminals, disilyl acetals, and aza-enolates were obtained via Lewis acid mediated enantioselective conjugate addition of Grignard reagents to unsaturated amides, carboxylic acids and alkenyl heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Vargová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia. and Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juana M Pérez
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Syuzanna R Harutyunyan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Radovan Šebesta
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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42
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Ishii T, Ota K, Nagao K, Ohmiya H. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Radical Relay Enabling Vicinal Alkylacylation of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14073-14077. [PMID: 31449757 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed radical relay enables the vicinal alkylacylation of styrenes, acrylates and acrylonitrile using aldehydes and tertiary alkyl carboxylic acid-derived redox-active esters. This protocol introduces tertiary alkyl groups and acyl groups to C-C double bonds with complete regioselectivity to produce functionalized ketone derivatives. The radical relay mechanism involves single electron transfer from the enolate form of a Breslow intermediate and radical addition of the resultant alkyl radical to the alkene followed by radical-radical coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ishii
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
| | - Kenji Ota
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
| | - Kazunori Nagao
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
| | - Hirohisa Ohmiya
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
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43
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Sun BB, Hu QX, Hu JM, Yu JQ, Jia J, Wang XW. Asymmetric [4+2] cycloaddition of azlactones with dipolar copper–allenylidene intermediates for chiral 3,4-dhydroquinolin-2-one derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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