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Roh Y, Jin Y, Jeon B, Park Y, Yu K, Park JY. Revealing the Loss Mechanism of Chemically-Induced Hot Electron Transport. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3490-3497. [PMID: 38466136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Hot electrons are crucial for unraveling the intrinsic relationship between chemical reactions and charge transfer in heterogeneous catalysis. Significant research focused on real-time detection of reaction-driven hot electron flow (chemicurrent) to elucidate the energy conversion mechanisms, but it remains elusive because carrier generation contributes to only part of the entire process. Here, a theoretical model for quantifying the chemicurrent yield is presented by clarifying the contributions of hot carrier losses from the internal emission and multiple reflections. The experimental chemicurrent yield verifies our model with a reliable mean free path of hot electrons, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive consideration of the transport process besides hot electron generation. Moreover, Pt nanoparticles (NPs)-decorated Au/TiO2 is examined, showing the role of NPs-induced carrier losses in the performance of catalytic nanodiodes. These findings are expected to contribute to understanding the hot electron detection efficiency and designing nanodiodes with enhanced hot carrier flow and catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Roh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonghoon Jin
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomjoon Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungsik Yu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Jeon B, Kim D, Kim TS, Lee HK, Park JY. Enhanced Hot Electron Flow and Catalytic Synergy by Engineering Core-Shell Structures on Au-Pd Nanocatalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37927055 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic catalytic performances of bimetallic catalysts are often attributed to the reaction mechanism associated with the alloying process of the catalytic metals. Chemically induced hot electron flux is strongly correlated with catalytic activity, and the interference between two metals at the atomic level can have a huge impact on the hot electron generation on the bimetallic catalysts. In this study, we investigate the correlation between catalytic synergy and hot electron chemistry driven by the electron coupling effect using a model system of Au-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles. We show that the bimetallic nanocatalysts exhibit enhanced catalytic activity under the hydrogen oxidation reaction compared with that of monometallic Pd nanocatalysts. Analysis of the hot electron flux generated in each system revealed the formation of Au/PdOx interfaces, resulting in high reactivity on the bimetallic catalyst. In further experiments with engineering the Au@Pd core-shell structures, we reveal that the hot electron flux, when the topmost surface Pd atoms were less affected by inner Au, due to the concrete shell, was smaller than the alloyed one. The alloyed bimetallic catalyst forming the metal-oxide interfaces has a more direct effect on the hot electron chemistry, as well as on the catalytic reactivity. The great significance of this study is in the confirmation that the change in the hot electron formation rate with the metal-oxide interfaces can be observed by shell engineering of nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomjoon Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Koo Lee
- Beamline Research Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Lee SW, Kim H, Park JY. How Hot Electron Generation at the Solid-Liquid Interface Is Different from the Solid-Gas Interface. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:5373-5380. [PMID: 36930862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excitation of hot electrons by energy dissipation under exothermic chemical reactions on metal catalyst surfaces occurs at both solid-gas and solid-liquid interfaces. Despite extensive studies, a comparative operando study directly comparing electronic excitation by electronically nonadiabatic interactions at solid-gas and solid-liquid interfaces has not been reported. Herein, on the basis of our in situ techniques for monitoring energy dissipation as a chemicurrent using a Pt/n-Si nanodiode sensor, we observed the generation of hot electrons in both gas and liquid phases during H2O2 decomposition. As a result of comparing the current signal and oxygen evolution rate in the two phases, surprisingly, the efficiency of reaction-induced excitation of hot electrons increased by ∼100 times at the solid-liquid interface compared to the solid-gas interface. The boost of hot electron excitation in the liquid phase is due to the presence of an ionic layer lowering the potential barrier at the junction for transferring hot electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education, Korea National University of Education (KNUE), Chungbuk 28173, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Lee SW, Jeon B, Lee H, Park JY. Hot Electron Phenomena at Solid-Liquid Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9435-9448. [PMID: 36194546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of energy dissipation and charge transfer under exothermic chemical reactions on metal catalyst surfaces is important for elucidating the fundamental phenomena at solid-gas and solid-liquid interfaces. Recently, many surface chemistry studies have been conducted on the solid-liquid interface, so correlating electronic excitation in the liquid-phase with the reaction mechanism plays a crucial role in heterogeneous catalysis. In this review, we introduce the detection principle of electron transfer at the solid-liquid interface by developing cutting-edge technologies with metal-semiconductor Schottky nanodiodes. The kinetics of hot electron excitation are well correlated with the reaction rates, demonstrating that the operando method for understanding nonadiabatic interactions is helpful in studying the reaction mechanism of surface molecular processes. In addition to the detection of hot electrons excited by a catalytic reaction, we highlight recent results on how the transfer of the hot electrons influences surface chemical and photoelectrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education, Korea National University of Education (KNUE), Chungbuk28173, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomjoon Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
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Fang S, Hu YH. Thermo-photo catalysis: a whole greater than the sum of its parts. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3609-3647. [PMID: 35419581 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00782c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thermo-photo catalysis, which is the catalysis with the participation of both thermal and photo energies, not only reduces the large energy consumption of thermal catalysis but also addresses the low efficiency of photocatalysis. As a whole greater than the sum of its parts, thermo-photo catalysis has been proven as an effective and promising technology to drive chemical reactions. In this review, we first clarify the definition (beyond photo-thermal catalysis and plasmonic catalysis), classification, and principles of thermo-photo catalysis and then reveal its superiority over individual thermal catalysis and photocatalysis. After elucidating the design principles and strategies toward highly efficient thermo-photo catalytic systems, an ample discussion on the synergetic effects of thermal and photo energies is provided from two perspectives, namely, the promotion of photocatalysis by thermal energy and the promotion of thermal catalysis by photo energy. Subsequently, state-of-the-art techniques applied to explore thermo-photo catalytic mechanisms are reviewed, followed by a summary on the broad applications of thermo-photo catalysis and its energy management toward industrialization. In the end, current challenges and potential research directions related to thermo-photo catalysis are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Fang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA.
| | - Yun Hang Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA.
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Reddy KP, Choi H, Kim D, Choi M, Ryoo R, Park JY. The facet effect of ceria nanoparticles on platinum dispersion and catalytic activity of methanol partial oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7382-7385. [PMID: 34231575 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02728j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of platinum-supported nano-shaped ceria catalysts on methanol partial oxidation and methyl formate product selectivity has been investigated. A Pt-supported CeO2 nanocube catalyst had a higher turnover frequency than nanosphere catalysts; however, nanosphere catalysts showed higher selectivity towards methyl formate. The observed ceria shape effect in catalysis was associated with the shape-dependent Pt dispersion and its oxidation states. Furthermore, in situ studies revealed that the reduced platinum and mono-dentate methoxy group were responsible for the higher turnover frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasala Prabhakar Reddy
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseul Choi
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea and Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daeho Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea and Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minkee Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryong Ryoo
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea and Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea and Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Lee SW, Kim JM, Park W, Lee H, Lee GR, Jung Y, Jung YS, Park JY. Controlling hot electron flux and catalytic selectivity with nanoscale metal-oxide interfaces. Nat Commun 2021; 12:40. [PMID: 33397946 PMCID: PMC7782808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between metal and oxides is an important molecular-level factor that influences the selectivity of a desirable reaction. Therefore, designing a heterogeneous catalyst where metal-oxide interfaces are well-formed is important for understanding selectivity and surface electronic excitation at the interface. Here, we utilized a nanoscale catalytic Schottky diode from Pt nanowire arrays on TiO2 that forms a nanoscale Pt-TiO2 interface to determine the influence of the metal-oxide interface on catalytic selectivity, thereby affecting hot electron excitation; this demonstrated the real-time detection of hot electron flow generated under an exothermic methanol oxidation reaction. The selectivity to methyl formate and hot electron generation was obtained on nanoscale Pt nanowires/TiO2, which exhibited ~2 times higher partial oxidation selectivity and ~3 times higher chemicurrent yield compared to a diode based on Pt film. By utilizing various Pt/TiO2 nanostructures, we found that the ratio of interface to metal sites significantly affects the selectivity, thereby enhancing chemicurrent yield in methanol oxidation. Density function theory (DFT) calculations show that formation of the Pt-TiO2 interface showed that selectivity to methyl formate formation was much larger in Pt nanowire arrays than in Pt films because of the different reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Woo Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonghyeon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosun Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Intelligent Sustainable Material R&D Group, Cheonan, 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Rac Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yousung Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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