1
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Li C, Wang Z, Jin M, Song Z. Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of C(sp 2)-H Bonds and C(sp 3)-H Bonds with 4-Amino-benzotriazole as the Bidentate Directing Group. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6966-6973. [PMID: 38691095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The arylation of C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bonds in carboxylic acids catalyzed by Pd(II) with 4-aminobentriazole as the directing group was investigated. In addition to activation of the C(sp2)-H bond, selective arylation of alkyl carboxylic acids and amino acids in the β position can also be achieved. This strategy involved a 5,5-bicyclic Pd intermediate complex whose structure was determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. Importantly, the DG (directing group) can be easily removed under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqian Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Meina Jin
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguang Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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2
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Mohite SB, Mane MV, Bera M, Karpoormath R. Palladium-Catalyzed Regiodivergent C-H Olefination of Imidazo[1,2a]pyridine Carboxamide and Unactivated Alkenes. Chemistry 2023:e202302759. [PMID: 37735937 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite remarkable successes in linear and branched vinyl (hetero) arene synthesis, regiodivergent C-H olefination with a single catalytic system has remained underdeveloped. Overcoming this limitation, a Pd/MPAA-catalyzed regiodivergent C-H olefination of imidazo[1,2a] pyridine carboxamides with unactivated terminal alkenes to generate branched and linear olefinated products depending upon the electronic nature of alkenes is reported herein. Moreover, this protocol can be applied for C-H deuteriation of the corresponding heteroarenes with D2 O as deuterium source. Preliminary experimental studies combined with computational investigations (DFT studies) suggest that regiodivergent olefination can be controlled by olefin insertion and β-hydride elimination steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Balaso Mohite
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Manoj V Mane
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Milan Bera
- Photocatalysis & Synthetic Methodology Lab (PSML), Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies (AICCRS), Amity University, Noida, 201303, India
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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3
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de Carvalho RL, Diogo EBT, Homölle SL, Dana S, da Silva Júnior EN, Ackermann L. The crucial role of silver(I)-salts as additives in C-H activation reactions: overall analysis of their versatility and applicability. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6359-6378. [PMID: 37655711 PMCID: PMC10714919 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00328k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal catalyzed C-H activation reactions have been proven to be useful methodologies for the assembly of synthetically meaningful molecules. This approach bears intrinsic peculiarities that are important to be studied and comprehended in order to achieve its best performance. One example is the use of additives for the in situ generation of catalytically active species. This strategy varies according to the type of additive and the nature of the pre-catalyst that is being used. Thus, silver(I)-salts have proven to play an important role, due to the resulting high reactivity derived from the pre-catalysts of the main transition metals used so far. While being powerful and versatile, the use of silver-based additives can raise concerns, since superstoichiometric amounts of silver(I)-salts are typically required. Therefore, it is crucial to first understand the role of silver(I) salts as additives, in order to wisely overcome this barrier and shift towards silver-free systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato L de Carvalho
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Emilay B T Diogo
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Simon L Homölle
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Suman Dana
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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4
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Pourkaveh R, Podewitz M, Schnürch M. A Fujiwara-Moritani-Type Alkenylation Using a Traceless Directing Group Strategy: A Rare Example of C-C Bond Formation towards the C2-Carbon of Terminal Alkenes. European J Org Chem 2023; 26:e202201179. [PMID: 38504820 PMCID: PMC10946834 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Herein we report, a rhodium-catalyzed Fujiwara-Moritani-type reaction of unactivated terminal alkenes and benzoic acid derivatives bearing electron donating residues under mild conditions. The acid functionality acts as a traceless directing group delivering products alkenylated in meta-position to the electron donating substituent in contrast to the usually obtained ortho- and para-substitution in Friedel-Crafts-type reactions. Remarkably, the new C-C bond is formed to the C2 of the terminal olefin, in contrast to similar reported transformations. Initially formed mixtures of exo- and endo-double bond isomers can be efficiently isomerized to the more stable endo-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Pourkaveh
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/163-OC1060ViennaAustria
| | - Maren Podewitz
- Institute of Materials Chemistry TU WienGetreidemarkt 9/1651060ViennaAustria
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 9/163-OC1060ViennaAustria
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5
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Dutta A, Jeganmohan M. Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization of Aryl Acetamides and Benzoquinones: Synthesis of Substituted Aryl Quinones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13154-13167. [PMID: 36094897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of aryl-substituted quinones via Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H functionalization of less expensive and abundant benzoquinones with aryl acetamides is demonstrated. An auxiliary ligand N,N-bidentate-directing group 8-aminoquinoline plays a crucial role in the success of the reaction. A broad range of substituted phenyl acetamides including commercially available drug molecules were examined and also found to be highly compatible with quinones. The aryl-substituted quinones were also easily converted into aryl-substituted hydroquinone derivatives. A plausible reaction mechanism was proposed to account for the selective distal C-H bond functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Masilamani Jeganmohan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
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6
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Sihag P, Jeganmohan M. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral [4 + 1]-Annulation of Unactivated Alkenes with Sulfoxonium Ylides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11073-11089. [PMID: 35946405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel methodology for redox-neutral [4 + 1] annulation of unactivated alkenes with sulfoxonium ylides leads to the synthesis of a diverse library of indanone compounds. The developed annulation reaction was found to be highly versatile due to its compatibility with various unactivated alkenes functionalized with various sensitive functional groups as well as substituted sulfoxonium ylides. Further, multiple transformations such as ring-expansion, reduction, aldol condensation, and Wittig reaction were carried out with indanones. Using this way, highly useful cyclic heterocycles such as indene, dihydroisocoumarin, and 1-indanilidene were prepared in a single step. A possible reaction mechanism was supported by deuterium labeling studies, competitive studies, and kinetic isotopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinki Sihag
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Masilamani Jeganmohan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
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7
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Wang Z, Ye X, Jin M, Tang Q, Fan S, Song Z, Shi X. 4-Aminobenzotriazole (ABTA) as a Removable Directing Group for Palladium-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative C-H Olefination. Org Lett 2022; 24:3107-3112. [PMID: 35324203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
4-Aminobenzotriazole (ABTA) was applied as an effective removable directing group (DG) in Pd-catalyzed C-H activation for the first time. Compared with the widely applied pyridine and quinoline analogs, ABTA showed significantly improved reactivity, achieving aerobic oxidative C-H olefination in excellent yields (up to 95% vs <50% with other reported DGs under identical conditions). Using this new strategy, macrocyclization was achieved to give cyclic peptides in good yields with easy ABTA removal under mild conditions, highlighting the promising potential of this new DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130012, P. R. hina
| | - Xiaohan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Meina Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130012, P. R. hina
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Shengyu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130012, P. R. hina
| | - Zhiguang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130012, P. R. hina
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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8
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Zeng M, Jiang H, Li K, Chen Z, Yin G. Palladium(II)/Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Olefination of Arylacetamides with Dioxygen. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4524-4537. [PMID: 35306815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present work introduces Pd(II)/LA-catalyzed (LA: Lewis acid) olefination of arylacetamides with dioxygen as the oxidant source. This protocol tolerates with different functional groups on the substrates, and the catalytic efficiency is highly Lewis acidity-dependent on added LA, that is, a stronger LA provided a better promotional effect. The 1H NMR studies of the semireaction between the arylacetamide and the Pd(II)/Sc(III) catalyst in HOAc-d4 disclosed the formation of a palladacycle intermediate, and the C-H activation step was reversible, which led to the formation of the deuterated arylacetamide substrate and the palladacycle intermediate. Further semireaction between the palladacycle intermediate and the olefin disclosed that it was a clean and much faster reaction than the C-H activation step, thus revealing multiple mechanistic information for Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hongwu Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kaiwen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhuqi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Guochuan Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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9
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Mahamudul Hassan MM, Mondal B, Singh S, Haldar C, Chaturvedi J, Bisht R, Sunoj RB, Chattopadhyay B. Ir-Catalyzed Ligand-Free Directed C–H Borylation of Arenes and Pharmaceuticals: Detailed Mechanistic Understanding. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4360-4375. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Md Mahamudul Hassan
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Biplab Mondal
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sukriti Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Chabush Haldar
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jagriti Chaturvedi
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjana Bisht
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
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10
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Bakthadoss M, Reddy TT, Agarwal V, Sharada DS. Ester-directed orthogonal dual C-H activation and ortho aryl C-H alkenylation via distal weak coordination. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1406-1409. [PMID: 34994762 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06097j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented orthogonal cross-coupling between aromatic C(sp2) and aliphatic olefinic C(sp2) carbons of two same molecules via dual C-H bond activation in an intermolecular fashion has been developed using a distal ester-directing group. This new coupling reaction led to the synthesis of the highly functionalized 1,3-diaryl molecular architecture in very good yields and with high chemo- and regioselectivities. In addition, using ester as the distal directing group, ortho C-H olefination of α-methyl aryl acrylates and cinnamic esters with various alkenes has been achieved in very good yields and with a wide range of substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vishal Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India.
| | - Duddu S Sharada
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana-502285, India
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11
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Gupta MK, Jena CK, Sharma NK. Pd-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-H olefination: synthesis of N-alkylated isoindolinone scaffolds from aryl amides of amino acid esters. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10097-10104. [PMID: 34791004 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01997j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Isoindolinone is a constituent of various natural products and synthetic biologically active compounds. The classical multi-step synthetic methods used to prepare various indolinone derivatives are tedious and challenging. One-pot synthetic methods are attractive and economical. Transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation is an emerging tool for synthesizing natural products and small organic molecules via reducing the number of synthetic steps necessary. This paper describes the synthesis of N-alkyl-3-methenyl chiral isoindolinone derivatives from aryl amides of L-amino acids and non-activated alkene via Pd-catalyzed C(sp2)-H olefination. Herein, the amino acid residue acts as a directing group for olefination at the aryl ring, and then cyclization occurs at the amide NH. Hence, this methodology could be helpful to transform standard amino acids into respective chiral isoindolinone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Gupta
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, Jatni campus, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India. .,HBNI-Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Chinmay K Jena
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, Jatni campus, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India. .,HBNI-Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Nagendra K Sharma
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, Jatni campus, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India. .,HBNI-Mumbai, Mumbai, India
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12
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Sinha NK, Thirupathi N. [6,5] CNN Palladium(II) Pincer Complexes Containing N-Substituted Monoanionic and Dianionic Guanidinate Ligands: Syntheses, Structural Aspects, and Their Utility in Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Jana R, Begam HM, Dinda E. The emergence of the C-H functionalization strategy in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10842-10866. [PMID: 34596175 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the market competitiveness and urgent societal need, an optimum speed of drug discovery is an important criterion for successful implementation. Despite the rapid ascent of artificial intelligence and computational and bioanalytical techniques to accelerate drug discovery in big pharma, organic synthesis of privileged scaffolds predicted in silico for in vitro and in vivo studies is still considered as the rate-limiting step. C-H activation is the latest technology added into an organic chemist's toolbox for the rapid construction and late-stage modification of functional molecules to achieve the desired chemical and physical properties. Particularly, elimination of prefunctionalization steps, exceptional functional group tolerance, complexity-to-diversity oriented synthesis, and late-stage functionalization of privileged medicinal scaffolds expand the chemical space. It has immense potential for the rapid synthesis of a library of molecules, structural modification to achieve the required pharmacological properties such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicology (ADMET) and attachment of chemical reporters for proteome profiling, metabolite synthesis, etc. for preclinical studies. Although heterocycle synthesis, late-stage drug modification, 18F labelling, methylation, etc. via C-H functionalization have been reviewed from the synthetic standpoint, a general overview of these protocols from medicinal and drug discovery aspects has not been reviewed. In this feature article, we will discuss the recent trends of C-H activation methodologies such as synthesis of medicinal scaffolds through C-H activation/annulation cascade; C-H arylation for sp2-sp2 and sp2-sp3 cross-coupling; C-H borylation/silylation to introduce a functional linchpin for further manipulation; C-H amination for N-heterocycles and hydrogen bond acceptors; C-H fluorination/fluoroalkylation to tune polarity and lipophilicity; C-H methylation: methyl magic in drug discovery; peptide modification and macrocyclization for therapeutics and biologics; fluorescent labelling and radiolabelling for bioimaging; bioconjugation for chemical biology studies; drug-metabolite synthesis for biodistribution and excretion studies; late-stage diversification of drug-molecules to increase efficacy and safety; cutting-edge DNA encoded library synthesis and improved synthesis of drug molecules via C-H activation in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Jana
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Hasina Mamataj Begam
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Enakshi Dinda
- Department of Chemistry and Environment, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata-700107, India
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14
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Sinha SK, Guin S, Maiti S, Biswas JP, Porey S, Maiti D. Toolbox for Distal C-H Bond Functionalizations in Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5682-5841. [PMID: 34662117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalyzed C-H activation has developed a contemporary approach to the omnipresent area of retrosynthetic disconnection. Scientific researchers have been tempted to take the help of this methodology to plan their synthetic discourses. This paradigm shift has helped in the development of industrial units as well, making the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutical drugs step-economical. In the vast zone of C-H bond activation, the functionalization of proximal C-H bonds has gained utmost popularity. Unlike the activation of proximal C-H bonds, the distal C-H functionalization is more strenuous and requires distinctly specialized techniques. In this review, we have compiled various methods adopted to functionalize distal C-H bonds, mechanistic insights within each of these procedures, and the scope of the methodology. With this review, we give a complete overview of the expeditious progress the distal C-H activation has made in the field of synthetic organic chemistry while also highlighting its pitfalls, thus leaving the field open for further synthetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Kumar Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Srimanta Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sudip Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Jyoti Prasad Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sandip Porey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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15
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Karmakar S, Silamkoti A, Meanwell NA, Mathur A, Gupta AK. Utilization of C(
sp
3
)‐Carboxylic Acids and Their Redox‐Active Esters in Decarboxylative Carbon−Carbon Bond Formation. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhen Karmakar
- Department of Discovery Synthesis Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Center (BBRC) Biocon Park Bommasandra IV Phase Jigani Link Road Bangalore 560 099 India
| | - Arundutt Silamkoti
- Department of Discovery Synthesis Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Center (BBRC) Biocon Park Bommasandra IV Phase Jigani Link Road Bangalore 560 099 India
| | - Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery Research and Early Development Bristol Myers Squibb P.O. Box 4000 Princeton New Jersey 08543-4000 USA
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery Research and Early Development Bristol Myers Squibb P.O. Box 4000 Princeton New Jersey 08543-4000 USA
| | - Arun Kumar Gupta
- Department of Discovery Synthesis Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Center (BBRC) Biocon Park Bommasandra IV Phase Jigani Link Road Bangalore 560 099 India
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16
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Khake SM, Yamazaki K, Ano Y, Chatani N. Iridium(III)-Catalyzed Branch-Selective C–H Alkenylation of Aniline Derivatives with Alkenes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant M. Khake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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17
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Kim HT, Kang E, Kim M, Joo JM. Synthesis of Bidentate Nitrogen Ligands by Rh-Catalyzed C–H Annulation and Their Application to Pd-Catalyzed Aerobic C–H Alkenylation. Org Lett 2021; 23:3657-3662. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsu Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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18
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Sikari R, Chakraborty G, Guin AK, Paul ND. Nickel-Catalyzed [4 + 2] Annulation of Nitriles and Benzylamines by C-H/N-H Activation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:279-290. [PMID: 33314935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed [4 + 2] annulation of benzylamines and nitriles via C-H/N-H bond activation, providing straightforward atom-economic access to a wide variety of multisubstituted quinazolines, is reported. Mechanistic investigation revealed that the in situ formed amidines from the coupling of benzylamines and nitriles direct the nickel catalyst to activate the ortho-C-H bond of the phenyl ring of the benzylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Sikari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Gargi Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Amit Kumar Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Nanda D Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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19
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Achar TK, Maiti S, Jana S, Maiti D. Transition Metal Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp2)–H Bond Functionalization. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Kumar Achar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sudip Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sadhan Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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20
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Rani G, Luxami V, Paul K. Traceless directing groups: a novel strategy in regiodivergent C-H functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12479-12521. [PMID: 32985634 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04863a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of functional groups as internal ligands for assisting C-H functionalization, termed the chelation assisted strategy, is emerging as one of the most powerful tools for construction of C-C and C-X bonds from inert C-H bonds. However, there are various directing groups which cannot be either removed after functionalization or require some additional steps or reagents for their removal, thereby limiting the scope of structural diversity of the products, and the step and atom economy of the system. These limitations are overcome by the use of the traceless directing group (TDG) strategy wherein functionalization of the substrate and removal of the directing group can be carried out in a one pot fashion. Traceless directing groups serve as the most ideal chelation assisted strategy with a high degree of reactivity and selectivity without any requirement for additional steps for their removal. The present review overviews the use of various functional groups such as carboxylic acids, aldehydes, N-oxides, nitrones, N-nitroso amines, amides, sulfoxonium ylides and silicon tethered directing groups for assisting transition metal catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Rani
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147001, India.
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21
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Chu JH, Su ZH, Yen KW, Chien HI. Investigation of Stepwise and Stoichiometric Palladium-Mediated ortho-C–H Bond Arylation and Alkylation of 9(10 H)-Acridinone. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Ho Chu
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Zhe-Hong Su
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Wang Yen
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-I Chien
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
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22
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Bakthadoss M, Reddy TT, Sharada DS. Ruthenium-catalyzed, site-selective C-H activation: access to C5-substituted azaflavanone. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31570-31574. [PMID: 35520642 PMCID: PMC9056431 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06580c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A site-selective ruthenium-catalyzed keto group assisted C–H bond activation of 2-aryl tetrahydroquinoline (azaflavanone) derivatives has been achieved with a variety of alkenes for the first time. A wide range of substrates was utilized for the synthesis of a wide variety of alkenylated azaflavanones. This simple and efficient protocol provides the C5-substituted azaflavanone derivatives in high yields with a broad range of functional group tolerance. Further, the C5-alkenylated products were converted into substituted 2-aryl quinoline derivatives in good yields. A site-selective ruthenium-catalyzed keto group assisted C–H bond activation of 2-aryl tetrahydroquinoline (azaflavanone) derivatives has been achieved with a variety of alkenes for the first time.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Duddu S Sharada
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Telangana-502285 India
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23
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Li X, Hu X, Liu Z, Yang J, Mei B, Dong Y, Liu G. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Selectively Oxidative C–H Alkenylation of N-Acylated Aryl Sulfonamides by Using Molecular Oxygen as an Oxidant. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5916-5926. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jingshu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
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24
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Yin B, Fu M, Wang L, Liu J, Zhu Q. Dual ligand-promoted palladium-catalyzed nondirected C-H alkenylation of aryl ethers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3293-3296. [PMID: 32073080 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00940g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Direct C-H functionalization of aryl ethers remains challenging owing to their low reactivity and selectivity. Herein, a novel strategy for nondirected C-H alkenylation of aryl ethers promoted by a dual ligand catalyst was demonstrated. This catalytic system readily achieved the highly efficient alkenylation of alkyl aryl ethers (anisole, phenetole, n-propyl phenyl ether, n-butyl phenyl ether and benzyl phenyl ether), cyclic aryl ethers (1,4-benzodioxan, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, dibenzofuran), and diphenyl oxides. Moreover, the proposed methodology was successfully employed for the late-stage modification of complex drugs containing the aryl ether motif. Interestingly, the compounds developed herein displayed fluorescent properties, which would facilitate their biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Manlin Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Jiang Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Qing Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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25
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Barysevich MV, Laktsevich-Iskryk MV, Krech AV, Zhabinskii VN, Khripach VA, Hurski AL. Palladium-Catalyzed 2-(Neopentylsulfinyl)aniline Directed C-H Acetoxylation and Alkenylation of Arylacetamides. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryia V. Barysevich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; Kuprevich str. 5/2 220141 Minsk Belarus
| | | | - Anastasiya V. Krech
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; Kuprevich str. 5/2 220141 Minsk Belarus
| | - Vladimir N. Zhabinskii
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; Kuprevich str. 5/2 220141 Minsk Belarus
| | - Vladimir A. Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; Kuprevich str. 5/2 220141 Minsk Belarus
| | - Alaksiej L. Hurski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; Kuprevich str. 5/2 220141 Minsk Belarus
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26
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Sasmal S, Sinha SK, Lahiri GK, Maiti D. A directing group-assisted ruthenium-catalyzed approach to access meta-nitrated phenols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7100-7103. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02851g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
meta-Selective C–H nitration of phenol derivatives was developed using a Ru-catalyzed σ-activation strategy. Cu(NO3)2·3H2O was employed as the nitrating source, whereas Ru3(CO)12 was found to be the most suitable metal catalyst for the protocol.
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27
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Wen C, Jiang X, Wu K, Luo R, Li Q. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of alkenyl aluminums with 2-bromobenzo[b]furans. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19610-19614. [PMID: 35515440 PMCID: PMC9054126 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02984j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly efficient and simple cross-coupling reactions of 2-bromobenzo[b]furans with alkenylaluminum reagents for the synthesis of 2-alkenylbenzo[b]furan derivatives using PdCl2 (3 mol%)/XantPhos (6 mol%) as catalyst are reported. Excellent yields (up to 97%) were obtained for a wide range of substrates at 80 °C for 4 h in DCE. PdCl2 (3 mol%)/XantPhos (6 mol%) complexes was found to be a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 2-alkenylbenzo[b]furans from 2-bromobenzo[b]furans and alkenylaluminums. The reaction was also found to be effective in gram-scale synthesis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering
- Southwest University for Nationalities
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xin Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering
- Southwest University for Nationalities
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Kun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering
- Southwest University for Nationalities
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Ruiqiang Luo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering
- Southwest University for Nationalities
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Qinghan Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering
- Southwest University for Nationalities
- Chengdu
- China
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28
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Kaur M, Patra K, Din Reshi NU, Bera JK. Base-Controlled Directed Synthesis of Metal–Methyleneimidazoline (MIz) and Metal–Mesoionic Carbene (MIC) Compounds. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Kamaless Patra
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Noor U Din Reshi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jitendra K. Bera
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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