1
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Mocci R, Atzori L, Baratta W, De Luca L, Porcheddu A. N-Alkylation of aromatic amines with alcohols by using a commercially available Ru complex under mild conditions. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34847-34851. [PMID: 38035248 PMCID: PMC10688395 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06751c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An N-alkylation procedure has been developed under very mild conditions using a known commercially available Ru-based catalyst. As a result, a wide range of aromatic primary amines has been selectively alkylated with several primary alcohols, yielding the corresponding secondary amines in high yields. The methodology also enables the methylation of anilines in refluxing methanol and the preparation of a set of heterocycles in a straightforward way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Mocci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu 09042 Monserrato (CA) Italy
| | - Luciano Atzori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu 09042 Monserrato (CA) Italy
| | - Walter Baratta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine via delle Scienze 206 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Lidia De Luca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, FIsiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università degli Studi di Sassari via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu 09042 Monserrato (CA) Italy
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2
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Chakraborty S, Mondal R, Pal S, Guin AK, Roy L, Paul ND. Zn(II)-Catalyzed Selective N-Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols Using Redox Noninnocent Azo-Aromatic Ligand as Electron and Hydrogen Reservoir. J Org Chem 2023; 88:771-787. [PMID: 36577023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a sustainable and eco-friendly approach for selective N-alkylation of various amines by alcohols, catalyzed by a well-defined Zn(II)-catalyst, Zn(La)Cl2 (1a), bearing a tridentate arylazo scaffold. A total of 57 N-alkylated amines were prepared in good to excellent yields, out of which 17 examples are new. The Zn(II)-catalyst shows wide functional group tolerance, is compatible with the synthesis of dialkylated amines via double N-alkylation of diamines, and produces the precursors in high yields for the marketed drugs tripelennamine and thonzonium bromide in gram-scale reactions. Control reactions and DFT studies indicate that electron transfer events occur at the azo-chromophore throughout the catalytic process, which shuttles between neutral azo, one-electron reduced azo-anion radical, and two-electron reduced hydrazo forms acting both as electron and hydrogen reservoir, enabling the Zn(II)-catalyst for N-alkylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Rakesh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhasree Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Amit Kumar Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Lisa Roy
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai - IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | - Nanda D Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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3
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van Beek CB, Killian L, Lutz M, Weingarth M, Asundi AS, Sarangi R, Klein Gebbink RJM, Broere DLJ. E-selective Semi-hydrogenation of Alkynes under Mild Conditions by a Diruthenium Hydride Complex. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202527. [PMID: 35979748 PMCID: PMC10092327 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of a new class of diruthenium hydrido carbonyl complexes bound to the tBu PNNP expanded pincer ligand is described. Reacting tBu PNNP with two equiv of RuHCl(PPh3 )3 (CO) at 140 °C produces an insoluble air-stable complex, which was structurally characterized as [Ru2 (tBu PNNP)H(μ-H)Cl(μ-Cl)(CO)2 ] (1) using solid-state NMR, IR and X-ray absorption spectroscopies and follow-up reactivity. A reaction with KOtBu results in deprotonation of a methylene linker to produce [Ru2 (tBu PNNP* )H(μ-H)(μ-OtBu)(CO)2 ] (3) featuring a partially dearomatized naphthyridine core. This enables metal-ligand cooperative activation of H2 analogous to the mononuclear analogue, [Ru(tBu PNP*)H(CO)]. In contrast to the mononuclear system, the bimetallic analogue 3 catalyzes the E-selective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes at ambient temperature and atmospheric H2 pressure with good functional group tolerance. Monitoring the semi-hydrogenation of diphenylacetylene by 1 H NMR spectroscopy shows the intermediacy of Z-stilbene, which is subsequently isomerized to the E-isomer. Initial findings into the mode of action of this system are provided, including the spectroscopic characterization of a polyhydride intermediate and the isolation of a deactivated species with a partially hydrogenated naphthyridine backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody B van Beek
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht (The, Netherlands
| | - Lars Killian
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht (The, Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht (The, Netherlands
| | - Markus Weingarth
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht (The, Netherlands
| | - Arun S Asundi
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, 94025, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Ritimukta Sarangi
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, 94025, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Robertus J M Klein Gebbink
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht (The, Netherlands
| | - Daniël L J Broere
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht (The, Netherlands
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4
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Do VK, Vargas NA, Chavez AJ, Zhang L, Cherepakhin V, Lu Z, Currier RP, Dub PA, Gordon JC, Williams TJ. Pressurized Formic Acid Dehydrogenation: An Entropic Spring Replaces Hydrogen Compression Cost. Catal Sci Technol 2022; 12:7182-7189. [PMID: 37192930 PMCID: PMC10168027 DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00676f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Formic acid is unique among liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs), because its dehydrogenation is highly entropically driven. This enables the evolution of high-pressure hydrogen at mild temperatures that is difficult to achieve with other LOHCs, conceptually by releasing the "spring" of energy stored entropically in the liquid carrier. Applications calling for hydrogen-on-demand, such as vehicle filling, require pressurized H2. Hydrogen compression dominates the cost for such applications, yet there are very few reports of selective, catalytic dehydrogenation of formic acid at elevated pressure. Herein, we show that homogenous catalysts with various ligand frameworks, including Noyori-type tridentate (PNP, SNS, SNP, SNPO), bidentate chelates (pyridyl)NHC, (pyridyl)phosphine, (pyridyl)sulfonamide, and their metallic precursors, are suitable catalysts for the dehydrogenation of neat formic acid under self-pressurizing conditions. Quite surprisingly, we discovered that their structural differences can be related to performance differences in their respective structural families, with some tolerant or intolerant of pressure and others that are significantly advantaged by pressurized conditions. We further find important roles for H2 and CO in catalyst activation and speciation. In fact, for certain systems, CO behaves as a healing reagent when trapped in a pressurizing reactor system, enabling extended life from systems that would be otherwise deactivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van K Do
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States
| | - Nicolas Alfonso Vargas
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States
| | - Anthony J Chavez
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States
| | - Long Zhang
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States
| | - Valeriy Cherepakhin
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States
| | - Zhiyao Lu
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States
| | - Robert P Currier
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Pavel A Dub
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - John C Gordon
- National Security Education Center (NSEC), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Travis J Williams
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States
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5
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Gayathri S, Viswanathamurthi P, Bertani R, Sgarbossa P. Ruthenium Complexes Bearing α-Diimine Ligands and Their Catalytic Applications in N-Alkylation of Amines, α-Alkylation of Ketones, and β-Alkylation of Secondary Alcohols. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:33107-33122. [PMID: 36157732 PMCID: PMC9494662 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
New Ru(II) complexes encompassing α-diimine ligands were synthesized by reacting ruthenium precursors with α-diimine hydrazones. The new ligands and Ru(II) complexes were analyzed by analytical and various spectroscopic methods. The molecular structures of L1 and complexes 1, 3, and 4 were determined by single-crystal XRD studies. The results reveal a distorted octahedral geometry around the Ru(II) ion for all complexes. Moreover, the new ruthenium complexes show efficient catalytic activity toward the C-N and C-C coupling reaction involving alcohols. Particularly, complex 3 demonstrates effective conversion in N-alkylation of aromatic amines, α-alkylation of ketones, and β-alkylation of alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekar Gayathri
- Department
of Chemistry, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Roberta Bertani
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, University of
Padova, via F. Marzoloa, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Paolo Sgarbossa
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, University of
Padova, via F. Marzoloa, Padova 35131, Italy
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6
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Deolka S, Fayzullin RR, Khaskin E. Bulky PNP ligands blocking metal-ligand cooperation allow for isolation of Ru(0), and lead to catalytically active Ru complexes in acceptorless alcohol dehydrogenation. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103778. [PMID: 34741487 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized two 4Me-PNP ligands which block metal-ligand cooperation (MLC) with the Ru center and compared their Ru complex chemistry to their two traditional analogues used in acceptorless alcohol dehydrogenation catalysis. The corresponding 4Me-PNP complexes, which do not undergo dearomatization upon addition of base, allowed us to obtain rare, albeit unstable, 16 electron mono CO Ru(0) complexes. Reactivity with CO and H 2 allows for stabilization and extensive characterization of bis CO Ru(0) 18 electron and Ru(II) cis and trans dihydride species that were also shown to be capable of C(sp2)-H activation. Reactivity and catalysis are contrasted to non-methylated Ru(II) species, showing that an MLC pathway is not necessary, with dramatic differences in outcomes during catalysis between i Pr and t Bu PNP complexes within each of the 4Me and non-methylated backbone PNP series being observed. Unusual intermediates are characterized in one of the new and one of the traditional complexes, and a common catalysis deactivation pathway was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Deolka
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Chemistry, JAPAN
| | - Robert R Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences: Institut organicheskoj i fizicheskoj khimii imeni A E Arbuzova KazNC RAN, Organic and Physical Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Eugene Khaskin
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Chemistry, 1919-1 Tancha, 904-0495, Onna, JAPAN
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7
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Morimoto Y, Kochi T, Kakiuchi F. Rhodium-Catalyzed Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination of Aliphatic and Aromatic Terminal Alkynes with Aliphatic Primary Amines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13143-13152. [PMID: 34492192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of both aliphatic and aromatic terminal alkynes with primary amines was achieved using an 8-quinolinolato rhodium catalyst to form aldimines and enamines in high yields. This catalytic system realized high functional group tolerance including hydroxy, bromo, cyano, and thioester groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takuya Kochi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Kakiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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8
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Feng X, Huang M. Effect of the ancillary ligand in N-heterocyclic carbene iridium(III) catalyzed N-alkylation of amines with alcohols. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Sarki N, Goyal V, Tyagi NK, Puttaswamy, Narani A, Ray A, Natte K. Simple RuCl
3
‐catalyzed
N
‐Methylation of Amines and Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes using Methanol. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naina Sarki
- Chemical and Material Sciences Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum Haridwar road Mohkampur Dehradun 248 005 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-HRDC Campus Joggers Road, Kamla Nehru Nagar Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201 002 India
| | - Vishakha Goyal
- Chemical and Material Sciences Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum Haridwar road Mohkampur Dehradun 248 005 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-HRDC Campus Joggers Road, Kamla Nehru Nagar Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201 002 India
| | - Nitin Kumar Tyagi
- Chemical and Material Sciences Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum Haridwar road Mohkampur Dehradun 248 005 India
| | - Puttaswamy
- Department of Chemistry Bangalore University Jnana Bharathi Campus Bangalore 560056 India
| | - Anand Narani
- Chemical and Material Sciences Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum Haridwar road Mohkampur Dehradun 248 005 India
- BioFuels Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (CSIR-IIP) Haridwar Road Mohkampur Dehradun 248 005 India
| | - Anjan Ray
- Chemical and Material Sciences Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum Haridwar road Mohkampur Dehradun 248 005 India
- Analytical Sciences Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (CSIR-IIP) Haridwar Road Mohkampur Dehradun 248 005 India
| | - Kishore Natte
- Chemical and Material Sciences Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum Haridwar road Mohkampur Dehradun 248 005 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-HRDC Campus Joggers Road, Kamla Nehru Nagar Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201 002 India
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10
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Alfonso N, Do VK, Chavez AJ, Chen Y, Williams TJ. Catalyst carbonylation: a hidden, but essential, step in reaction initiation. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00322d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This minireview documents cases where catalyst carbonylation can be detrimental, beneficial, or even essential in the activation and lifecycle of catalysis for hydrogen transfer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Alfonso
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Van K. Do
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Anthony J. Chavez
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Yuhao Chen
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Travis J. Williams
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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11
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Murugan K, Vijayapritha S, Viswanathamurthi P, Saravanan K, Vijayan P, Ojwach SO. Ru(II) complexes containing (2-(pyren-1-ylmethylene)hydrazinyl)benzothiazole: Synthesis, solid-state structure, computational study and catalysis in N-alkylation reactions. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Fanara PM, MacMillan SN, Lacy DC. Planar-Locked Ru-PNN Catalysts in 1-Phenylethanol Dehydrogenation. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Fanara
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Samantha N. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David C. Lacy
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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13
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Nalikezhathu A, Cherepakhin V, Williams TJ. Ruthenium Catalyzed Tandem Pictet-Spengler Reaction. Org Lett 2020; 22:4979-4984. [PMID: 32558575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a pyridyl-phosphine ruthenium(II) catalyzed tandem alcohol amination/Pictet-Spengler reaction sequence to synthesize tetrahydro-β-carbolines from an alcohol and tryptamine. Our conditions use a Lewis acid cocatalyst, In(OTf)3, that is compatible with typically base catalyzed amination and an acid catalyzed Pictet-Spengler cyclization. This method proceeds well with benzylic alcohols, heterocyclic carbinols, and aliphatic alcohols. We also show how combining this reaction with a subsequent cycloamination enables a direct synthesis of tetracyclic alkaloids like harmicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Nalikezhathu
- Donald P. and Katherine B. Loker Hydrocarbon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Valeriy Cherepakhin
- Donald P. and Katherine B. Loker Hydrocarbon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Travis J Williams
- Donald P. and Katherine B. Loker Hydrocarbon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California 90089-1661, United States
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14
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Demianets I, Cherepakhin V, Maertens A, Lauridsen PJ, Sharada SM, Williams TJ. A New Mechanism of Metal-Ligand Cooperative Catalysis in Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones. Polyhedron 2020; 182. [PMID: 32410767 DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report iridium catalysts IrCl(η5-Cp*)(κ2-(2-pyridyl)CH2NSO2C6H4X) (1-Me, X = CH3 and 1-F, X = F) for transfer hydrogenation of ketones with 2-propanol that operate by a previously unseen metal-ligand cooperative mechanism. Under the reaction conditions, complexes 1 (1-Me and 1-F) derivatize to a series of catalytic intermediates: Ir(η5-Cp*)(κ2-(C5H4N)CHNSO2Ar) (2), IrH(η5Cp*)(κ2-(2-pyridyl)CH2NSO2Ar) (3), and Ir(η5-Cp*)(κ3-(2-pyridyl)CH2NSO2Ar) (4). The structures of 1-Me and 4-Me were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A rate-determining, concerted hydrogen transfer step (2 + R2CHOH ⇄ 3 + R2CO) is suggested by kinetic isotope effects, Eyring parameters (ΔH ≠ = 29.1(8) kcal mol-1 and ΔS ≠ = -17(19) eu), proton-hydride fidelity, and DFT calculations. According to DFT, a nine-membered cyclic transition state is stabilized by an alcohol molecule that serves as a proton shuttle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Demianets
- Donald P. and Katherine B. Loker Hydrocarbon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-1661, United States
| | - Valeriy Cherepakhin
- Donald P. and Katherine B. Loker Hydrocarbon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-1661, United States
| | - Alexander Maertens
- Donald P. and Katherine B. Loker Hydrocarbon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-1661, United States
| | - Paul J Lauridsen
- Donald P. and Katherine B. Loker Hydrocarbon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-1661, United States
| | - Shaama Mallikarjun Sharada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States
| | - Travis J Williams
- Donald P. and Katherine B. Loker Hydrocarbon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-1661, United States
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